Objective To investigate the clinical features of myasthenia gravis (MG) in elderly people. Methods Elderly patients among all MG patients observed from February 1977 to February 2003 were respectively reviewed. Results Of 3010 MG patients,232(7.7%) were identified with the onset of the disease after or at the age of 60,and males were more than females with the ratio of 1.3∶1. The first and most commonly seen symptom in the elderly people after MG onset were ocular manifestation,occurring in 79.3%. Bulbar symptoms(12.9%) such as dysarthria and swallowing difficulties were the following symptoms. The systemic form (62.9%) were significantly more than ocular form (37.1%). There were less MG patients with autoimmunity diseases such as thyroid diseases associated with MG than that with the other senile diseases,and the myasthenia crisis were even less in the elderly patients with MG. However,it was found that more MG patients with thymoma than with other thymus abnormality. Conclusions The elderly MG patients had its distinctive clinical features. It is beneficial for diagnosing and treating the MG patients in the elderly people by understanding these clinical features.

Objective To study the efficacy of voice therapy combined with Jinsangsanjie pill in patients with vocal nodule .Methods A total of 146 patients with vocal nodes were randomly divided into three groups :45 cases in group A(single Jinsangsanjie pill therapy) ,47 cases in group B(single voice therapy) and 54 cases in group C(voice therapy combined with Jinsangsanjie pill therapy) ,30 healthy adults were as a normal control group .The treatment lasted 1 month .The results were evaluated by voice handicap index ,voice acoustic analysis and electronic laryngo‐scope which were collected before and after 1 month treatments .Results The VHI ,jitter ,shimmer and NNE of all patients were reduced while the MPT was increased after the treatment .The differences were significant (P<0 .05) .VHI 3 .64 ± 2 .12 ,jitter 0 .30% ± 0 .08% ,shimmer 1 .41% ± 0 .31% ,NNE -16 .83 ± 5 .84 dB of group C were significantly lower while MPT 18 .87 ± 3 .38 s and cure rate(93 .5% ) were significantly higher than those of in groupA(7.39±2.56,0.38% ±0.12% ,1.78% ±0.41% ,-13.38±4.42dB,16.38±3.11s,80.5% )andgroupB (23.6±12.5,0.48% ±0.18% ,1.98% ±0.42% ,-9.42±3.82dB,14.98±3.28s,52.4% )(P< 0.05).The VHI ,,jitter shimmer ,NNE of group A were significantly lower .MPT and cure rate were significantly higher than those of in group B .There were no statistical differences in each vocal indicators between group C and the normal control group (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The voice therapy combined with Jinsangsanjie pill in the treatment of vocal nodules is more efficiently ,and can improve patient’s pronunciation features .

Objective To evaluate the long-term outcomes of immunosuppressive agents used for myasthenia gravis(MG) patients with disease onset after or at 60. Methods Long-term outcome was evaluated in 99 cases with following-up longer than 1 year. Remission, pharmacological remission, and marked improvement were considered as good results or good long-term outcome. Results All good results were recorded in 79 MG patients (79.8%) receiving immunosuppressive treatments. 48 patients had been treated with glucocorticoids (GC) alone, of them, 35(72.9%) achieved good results. 8 of them having a complete remission for 18 to 67 months (averaging (54.8?19.8) months). 16 patients got pharmacological remission for 7 to 37 months (averaging (15.7?8.0) months). MG patients in different gender had different responses to GC. The good long-term outcome was found in 83.3% (25/30) males and only 55.6% (10/18) in females with GC therapy. There was a rate statistically higher in male than in female patients (P

Objective To prepare a new type of micropore porcine acellular dermis matrix with the aid of laser (LPADM),and to validate the healing effect of the LPADM through the phrase Ⅰ composite transplanting on the back of the full- thickness skin defects in SD rats.Methods In vitro,the allogeneic fibroblasts were separately cultured with the LPADM (LPADM group) or the non-pore PADM (non-pore LPADM group),while fibroblasts cultured by pure medium were used as control.After culture of 1 day,3 days and 5 days,the contents of IL-10,IL-6,TGF-β1,LN,VEGF expressed by fibroblasts were determined by double-antibody sandwich ELISA method.In vivo,the phrase Ⅰ transplantations of LPADM graft with split-thickness autologous skin were carried on the backs of the full-thickness cutaneous defects of SD rats.The healing condition was observed and analyzed by histological tests.Results The differences of the absorbance value between the LPADMgroup,PADM group and control group in each day were not statistically significant (F=0.050-1.763,P＞0.05).The transplantation of LPADM graft with split-thickness autologous skin graft resulted in high rate of surviving without signs of rejection 3 weeks later.After 1-month of transplantation,the regenerated skin was well enough to be lifted without any serious scars.Conclusions The phrase Ⅰ transplantation of LPADM graft with split-thickness autologous skin graft can accelerate the healing process of full-thickness skin wounds with high biological safety.

Acute Disease ; Atropine ; therapeutic use ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUND:A number of in vitro experiments have confirmed that the tricalcium silicate not only can be closely integrated with the dentin through self-curing process, but also can induce dentin remineralization in the physiological environment, thereby effectively blocking the dentinal tubules.
OBJECTIVE:To further verify the effects of tricalcium silicate solution on the occlusion of dentinal tubules.
METHODS:Thirty-six dentinal discs were made of free first premolars from orthodontic patients, and divided into three pretreatment groups randomly. The teeth were soaked in pretreatment solution for 2 minutes, namely 0.29 mol/L ethylene diamine tetraacetie acid, 6%citric acid, and rinsed ultrasonical y with deionized water 20 minutes, respectively. Every above-mentioned group was randomly assigned into experimental group (tricalcium silicate), control group (sodium fluoride) and blank group, and corresponding materials in each group were used to coat the outer dentinal tubules (2 minutes/time). Then, the dentinal discs were saved in artificial saliva in a 37 observed using scanning electron microscope. Diameter and area of open dentinal tubules were calculated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After pretreatment, the dentinal tubules were at open state;except for the blank control group to maintain the original state, acid etching and ethylene diamine tetraacetie acid pretreatment solutions had a stronger capacity of demineralization, which led to the dentinal tubules open. After the dentinal tubules were treated with sodium fluoride and tricalcium silicate, there were varying degrees of sediments, and open dentinal tubule area and average diameter in the sodium fluoride and tricalcium silicate groups were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The dentinal tubule treated with tricalcium silicate was almost entirely closed homogeneously, and occasional y, a single open dentinal tubule was seen. Open dentinal tubule area and average diameter in the tricalcium silicate group were significantly lower than those in the sodium fluoride group (P<0.05). The findings verify that dentin occlusion using tricalcium silicate is superior to that using sodium fluoride;and dentin tubule pretreatment with acid etching or ethylene diamine tetraacetie acid is beneficial to desensitization effects.

Objective To explore whether Helq deletion affect the pluripotency of stem cells. Methods Helq knockout embryonic stem cells were obtained by CRISPR?Cas9 gene editing technique. Results The results of immunoflu?orescence analysis showed that the expression of Oct4 and Nanog had no obvious difference to that of the control cells. The Helq-/ - embryonic stem cells could produce viable pups by tetraploid complementation, indicating that their pluripotency was not affected. Meanwhile, we found that day 2 epiblast?like cells also were obtained through differentiation of the Helq-/ - embryonic stem cells in vitro. Immunostaining and real?time PCR analysis showed that the gene expression of Helq-/ - epiblast cells were similar to the wild type cells. Conclusions Taken together, it is proved that the genomic in?stability caused by Helq deletion does not affect the pluripotency of pluripotent stem cells.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of subarachnoid hemorrhagic moyamoya disease and the therapeutic effect of encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS). Methods The clinical and imaging data of 38 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhagic moyamoya disease admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,the 307th Hospital of PLA from January 2002 to April 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty-five patients underwent unilateral or bilateral EDAS (64-sides underwent EDAS,4 patients with aneurysms underwent endovascular embolization first),and 3 patients did not undergo any surgery. Results (1)Subarachnoid hemorrhagic moyamoya disease accounted for 10. 8%(38/353)of all the hemorrhagic moyamoya disease admitted in hospital over the same period,including 37 adults and 1 child. The male to female ratio was 1∶3. 22 (9/29),and the age of onset was 12 to 59 years. The mean age of patients was 39 ± 11 years. Four patients were combined with aneurysms. There were no significant differences in the distribution of Suzuki stage,anterior choroidal artery dilatation and posterior communicating artery dilatation in the remaining 34 patients without aneurysms between the bleeding sides and non-bleeding sides (P>0.05). (2 ) The patients were followed up for 13 -125 months (mean 51 ± 27 months ),two patients had rebleeding,one of them was intraventricular hemorrhage,the other was parenchymal hemorrhage. The postoperative modified Rankin score (mRS)was significantly lower in 35 patients whom were treated with EDAS. Compared with before surgery,there was significant difference (P<0. 05). The re-examination of positron emission tomography (PET)for 16 patients at 3 to 19 months after surgery showed that among the 23 surgically treated hemispheres,the cerebral metabolisms of 17 hemispheres were improved after surgery, and 6 did not have any change after surgery. The re-examination of whole brain digital subtraction angiography (DSA)at 5 to 30 months after surgery in 13 patients showed that revascularizations in 19 of 23 surgical hemispheres were effective. Conclusion Subarachnoid hemorrhagic moyamoya disease often occurs in adults,and women are more common. EDAS can achieve good revascularization effect and improve brain metabolism of patients,and thus relieve the symptoms of cerebral ischemia.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hippocampus and cognitive dysfunction after splenectomy in aged rats.Methods Sixty-three male aged Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 480-550 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =21 each):control group (group C),anesthesia group (group A),and surgery group (group S).Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to evaluate the spatial learning and memory ability before surgery and at 1,3 and 7 days after surgery.The escape latency and swimming distance were recorded.Seven rats were chosen after MWM test was performed at 1,3 and 7 days after surgery and sacrificed.Their hippocampi were removed for detection of the expression of AMPK and phosphorylated (p-AMPK) (by Western blot).Results Compared with the baseline,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly prolonged at 1 and 3 days after surgery in group S (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly prolonged at 1 and 3 days after surgery,the expression of AMPK was up-regulated at 1,3 and 7 days after surgery,and the expression of p-AMPK was up-regulated at 1 and 3 days after surgery in group S (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant changes were found in the indices mentioned above in group A (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Increased AMPK level in hippocampus is the regulatory mechanism of the body adapting to the development of cognitive dysfunction after splenectomy in aged rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of a chitosan product on scarring and adhesion after never injury in laminectomy in rats. Methods 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into group A and group B, and carried laminectomy of L4-5, and injured the right spinal nerve roots. The normal saline was smeared on the operation field in the group A, while the chitosan product was smeared in the group B. The adhesion was assessed with Rydell score 1 (groups A1/B1), 2 (groups A2/B2) and 4 (groups A3/B3) weeks after operation, while the spinal nerves were observed with HE staining and Masson staining, and the adhesion was assessed with Nussbaum score. The complete blood count and the series of blood chemistries and enzymes for liver and kidney functioning were measured. Results The Rydell scores of adhesion was I grade in group A1, II grade in A2 and III grade in A3, while was 0 grade in B1, 0 grade in B2 and II grade in B3. The scar and adhesion contact more loosely in the group B than in the group A, and the Nussbaum score was less in the group B than in the group A at the same time (P<0.05). The complete blood count and the series of blood chemistries and enzymes for liver and kidney functioning were in normal. Conclusion This chitosan product can prevent the formation of epidural scar and adhesion around the spinal and the nerve roots after laminectomy, with little toxicity and side effects.