Objective: To evaluate the current situation of thermal environment in primary and secondary school classrooms during winter, and to analyze students thermal comfort needs, so as to provide a basis for improving classroom thermal environment. Methods: From December 16 to 26, 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 90 classrooms from 15 primary and secondary schools in centralized/air conditioned heating areas(Liaoning Province, Tianjin City, Shanghai City) and naturally ventilated areas(Anhui Province and Jiangxi Province)for on site environmental measurement. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 743 students. The differences between groups using the χ 2 test were compared. Based on actual measurement data, a predicted mean vote prepared percentage of dissatisfied (PMV-PPD) model for centralized/air conditioned classrooms and an adaptive model for naturally ventilated classrooms were established, and the thermal neutral temperature and comfort interval were calculated. Results: The average outdoor temperature during on site measurement was 4.00(0.20，7.00)℃. In classrooms with centralized or air conditioned heating systems, the measured average temperature was (19.33±2.59)℃, with a thermal comfort range of 20.35-25.35 ℃ and a thermal neutral temperature of 22.85 ℃. And 13.92% of students reported feeling cold, while 80.80% felt comfortable. In classrooms with natural ventilation, the measured average temperature was (12.26±1.83)℃, with a thermal neutral temperature of 19.67 ℃ and a thermal comfort range of 16.17-23.17 ℃. About 48.33% of students reported feeling cold, and 49.81 % felt comfortable.The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in shoe thickness, temperature sensation, relative humidity sensation and wind speed sensation between centralized/air conditioned heating areas ( χ 2= 7.01 , 31.47, 13.57, 13.80,all P <0.05). There were also statistically significant differences in school stage for primary and secondary school students, body mass index, classroom location for seat, temperature sensation, relative humidity sensation and wind speed sensation between naturally ventilated areas ( χ 2=42.13, 11.13, 11.04, 60.39, 29.27, 38.46,all P <0.05). Conclusions There are differences in thermal environment and students subjective thermal comfort in primary and secondary schools under different ventilation modes in winter. The temperature standards for heated classrooms should be revised, and differentiated environmental regulation strategies should be adopted based on different ventilation methods to improve students health and comfort levels.

Objective: To analyze the effects of health literacy on overweight and obesity among primary school students and their parents in terms of salt, oil and sugar reduction (referred to as the "three reductions"), so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of obesity control measures. Methods: From March to April 2024, a total of 1 022 fourthgrade primary school students and 913 parents were surveyed in 24 classes in six counties in Shandong Province using multistage cluster random sampling, and physical measurements of primary school students were conducted. Pearsons correlation analysis and ordered multivariate Logistic regression were used to investigate the associations between health literacy of primary school students and their parents with overweight and obesity among children. Results: The detection rates of overweight and obesity primary school students in Shandong Province were 14.87% and 24.66%, respectively, with significant sex difference in obesity rate (29.46% for boys and 19.76% for girls) (χ2=12.93, P<0.01). In addition to students reducing oil scores, parental reducing salt,reducing oil,reducing sugar, comprehensive health literacy scores and students reducing salt,reducing sugar and comprehensive health literacy scores showed a negative relationship with students overweight and obesity (r=-0.10, -0.08, -0.07, -0.10, -0.04, -0.07, -0.03, P<0.05). The overweight and obesity rates among primary school students with high parental reducing salt,reducing oil,reducing sugar and composite health literacy scores were lower (OR=0.69, 0.69, 0.71, 0.63, P<0.05); and the overweight and obesity rate among students with high parental and low parental and high and low parental health literacy scores were lower (OR=0.68, 0.57, P<0.05). Conclusion Improving health literacy regarding "three reductions" for parents and children, especially parents, can effectively reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity.

Objective To observe the value of intratumoral and peritumoral ROI-based CT radiomics combined with clinical and imaging features for preoperatively predicting renal capsule invasion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC).Methods Totally 105 ccRCC patients were retrospectively collected and divided into invasion group(n=70)and non-invasion group(n=35)according to post operation pathology,also divided into training set(n=84,including 56 cases of invasion group and 28 of non-invasion group)and test set(n=21,including 14 cases of invasion group and 7 of non-invasion group)at a ratio of 8∶2.A clinical-imaging model was constructed based on clinical and CT features being significantly different between groups.Radiomics features related to renal capsule invasion were extracted and selected from intratumoral and of 1-6 mm peritumoral ROI on unenhanced phase(UP),corticomedullary phase(CMP)and nephrographic phase(NP)CT images,respectively.The optimal algorithm was selected among 6 machine learning algorisms based on CMP intratumoral ROI.With the optimal and selected features,single intratumoral or peritumoral models,combined intratumoral and peritumoral models within the same phase and combined pairwise models within the same range across different phases images were established.The best performing radiomics model was chosen and integrated with clinical and imaging features to form a combined model.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were drawn,the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of model for predicting renal capsule invasion of ccRCC,which were compared using DeLong's test.Results Hypertension,presence of clinical symptoms and high enhancement degree on CMP images were all independent predicting factors for renal capsule invasion of ccRCC,which were used to establish clinical-imaging model.Support vector machine(SVM)was the optimal algorithm.CMP peritumoral 3 mm model,CMP intratumoral model,NP peritumoral 4 mm model,NP intratumoral+peritumoral 4 mm model and CMP peritumoral 3 mm+NP peritumoral 3 mm model showed higher performance than the others,with AUC being not significantly different(all P＞0.05).CMP peritumoral 3 mm model was the optimal radiomics model,with the highest AUC(0.898)in test set.The combined model demonstrated superior AUC(0.979)in training set compared to both clinical-imaging model and the optimal radiomics model alone(both P＜0.05),while in test set(AUC 0.918)showed comparable performance with the latter two(both P＞0.05).Conclusion CT-based peritumoral radiomics models were equally effective for preoperatively predicting renal capsule invasion of ccRCC.Combining with clinical and imaging features might further enhance diagnostic performance.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that mainly manifests clinically as progressive functional impairments in cognition,memory,and language.With the accelerated transition toward an older population in China,the number of people suffering from AD in China is increasing.The exact pathogenesis of AD remains unclear,with current therapeutic strategies mainly limited to symptomatic treatments.Animal models are important tools for preclinical research,enabling explorations of molecular mechanisms,behavioral functions,and treatment strategies of diseases.Future mechanistic research and drug development of AD should involve the establishment of animal models that are consistent with clinical pathological characteristics.This review summarizes the AD animal models commonly used in research,providing details on the strains,age,modeling method and doses.It also discusses research on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)components and their pharmacodynamic mechanisms in related AD animal models,aiming to provide references for the development of new animal models and in-depth exploration of the specific pharmacological activities,targets,metabolic pathways,and clinical applications of each TCM component.

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is an early and significant cardiac structural charac-teristic that contributes to the onset and progression of heart failure(HF).Its mainly structural feature is the abnormally enlarged cardiomyocyte.Effective intervention targets for abnormally en-larged cardiomyocyte remain to be identified.Previous studies have shown that the cellular shape and size can be regulated by the actin related protein 2/3(Arp2/3)complex,which is an actin-binding protein complex involved in the actin nucleation and assembly.However,the roles of the Arp2/3 complex in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy remain unknown.Here our study identifies its no-vel roles in the occurrence and development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.We found that mRNA levels of all subunits from the Arp2/3 complex are significantly upregulated(P<0.05)in the an-giotensin II(Ang Ⅱ)-induced neonatal rat primary and H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Fur-ther studies showed that siRNA-directed ARPC2 silencing inhibits the reactivation of fetal genes and enlargement of cardiomyocyte area induced by Ang Ⅱ in neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes(NRCMs)and H9c2 cells(P<0.05).In addition,the upstream activators of the Arp2/3 com-plex including SH3 protein interacting with Nck,90 kD(SPIN90)and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1(Rac1)/WASp family Verprolin-homologous protein-2(WAVE-2)are upregu-lated(P<0.05)in Ang Ⅱ-induced neonatal rat primary and H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,indicating the excessive activation of the Arp2/3 complex.We further show that CK666,a specif-ic Arp2/3 complex inhibitor,prevents the reactivation of fetal genes and the enlargement of car-diomyocyte area induced by Ang Ⅱ in NRCMs and H9c2 cells(P<0.05).Our results reveal that the Arp2/3 complex plays a crucial role in Ang Ⅱ-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,which is beneficial to further studies about the molecular mechanisms by which the Arp2/3 complex regu-lates pathological cardiac hypertrophy.

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is an early and significant cardiac structural charac-teristic that contributes to the onset and progression of heart failure(HF).Its mainly structural feature is the abnormally enlarged cardiomyocyte.Effective intervention targets for abnormally en-larged cardiomyocyte remain to be identified.Previous studies have shown that the cellular shape and size can be regulated by the actin related protein 2/3(Arp2/3)complex,which is an actin-binding protein complex involved in the actin nucleation and assembly.However,the roles of the Arp2/3 complex in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy remain unknown.Here our study identifies its no-vel roles in the occurrence and development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.We found that mRNA levels of all subunits from the Arp2/3 complex are significantly upregulated(P<0.05)in the an-giotensin II(Ang Ⅱ)-induced neonatal rat primary and H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Fur-ther studies showed that siRNA-directed ARPC2 silencing inhibits the reactivation of fetal genes and enlargement of cardiomyocyte area induced by Ang Ⅱ in neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes(NRCMs)and H9c2 cells(P<0.05).In addition,the upstream activators of the Arp2/3 com-plex including SH3 protein interacting with Nck,90 kD(SPIN90)and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1(Rac1)/WASp family Verprolin-homologous protein-2(WAVE-2)are upregu-lated(P<0.05)in Ang Ⅱ-induced neonatal rat primary and H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,indicating the excessive activation of the Arp2/3 complex.We further show that CK666,a specif-ic Arp2/3 complex inhibitor,prevents the reactivation of fetal genes and the enlargement of car-diomyocyte area induced by Ang Ⅱ in NRCMs and H9c2 cells(P<0.05).Our results reveal that the Arp2/3 complex plays a crucial role in Ang Ⅱ-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,which is beneficial to further studies about the molecular mechanisms by which the Arp2/3 complex regu-lates pathological cardiac hypertrophy.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Huanshaodan on improving learning and memory impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) which was named with senescence accelerated mouse-prone 8(SAMP8), as well as the neuroinflammatory response mechanisms mediated by the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and extracellular signal regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways.Methods:Seven-month-old SPF grade male SAMP8 mice were randomly assigned into three groups(6 mice in each group) using a random number table: model group, low-dose Huanshaodan group(1.17g/kg, twice daily via gavage), and high-dose Huanshaodan group(2.34g/kg, twice daily via gavage).Weight-matched seven-month-old male mice with anti-rapid aging traits(senescence-accelerated mouse-resistant 1, SAMR1)were designated as the normal control group( n=6).The mice in control group and the model group received 0.9% NaCl via gavage twice daily.All mice underwent continuous interventions for 28 days.The learning and memory abilities were assessed by Morris water maze.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1(Iba1) as markers for astrocytes and microglial cells in the hippocampus, respectively.ELISA was used to measure pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in hippocampal tissue.Western blot was used for analyzing the expression levels of pro-inflammatory enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), as well as phosphorylated levels of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK in hippocampal tissue.Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 20.0.The repeated measures analysis of variance or one-way analysis of variance was used for multi groups comparison. Results:Morris water maze test results indicated interactions between time and group in the escape latencies of the four groups of mice( F=3.787, P<0.05).From the 5th to 6th day, the escape latencies of the low- and high-dose Huanshaodan groups were lower than those of the model group(both P<0.05).On the 4th to 6th day, the escape latencies of the high-dose Huanshaodan group were lower than those of the low-dose group(all P<0.05).Significant differences were observed in the residence time in the target quadrant and the number of crossing the platform among the four groups of mice( F=8.587, 12.633, both P<0.05).The residence time in the target quadrant of the model group((17.8±3.4)s) and the number of crossing the platform((1.6±0.6)times)were less than those of the control group((40.6±3.7)s, (4.6±0.6)times) and high-dose Huanshaodan group(31.8±4.0)s, (2.8±0.8)times), all P<0.05).Western blot results indicated significant differences in the expression of iNOS, COX-2, p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK, and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 in the hippocampal tissues of the four groups of mice( F=207.516, 10.627, 108.497, 34.330, all P<0.05) and the indexes in model group were all higher than those of control group and high-dose Huanshaodan group(all P<0.05).ELISA results revealed significant differences in the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum of the four groups of mice( F=66.790, 82.424, 42.919, all P<0.05), and the indexes of model group were higher than those of the other three groups(all P<0.05).Immunofluorescence results showed significant differences in the relative fluorescence intensity of GFAP and Iba1 in the hippocampal tissues of the four groups of mice( F=20.269, 56.437, both P<0.05).The relative fluorescence intensity values of GFAP and Iba1 in the hippocampal tissues of the high-dose Huanshaodan group were lower than those of the model group(both P<0.05), while the expression level of Iba1 in high-dose group was lower than that in the low-dose group( P<0.05). Conclusion:High-dose Haunshaodan may inhibit the activation of hippocampal glial cells by blocking the p38MAPK and ERK1/2 pathways, reducing neuroinflammation, then improving learning and memory disorders in SAMP8 mice.

Objective:To analyze the current situation of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its influencing factors among community-dwelling elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on the health ecology model (HEM).Methods:From December 2023 to September 2024, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 997 community-dwelling elderly in Beijing, Shandong, Chongqing and other regions. The EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire 5 level (EQ-5D-5L), the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were used to assess the subjects.Descriptive analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Tobit regression analysis were performed using Stata 18.0 software. Results:A total of 324 valid samples were finally obtained, and the health utility value of MCI elderly was 0.842(0.815, 0.951). Tobit regression analysis showed that ≥80 years old( β=-0.121, 95% CI=-0.193--0.050) in individual traits level, don't exercise( β=-0.196, 95% CI=-0.255--0.137) and poor quality of sleep ( β=-0.064, 95% CI=-0.116--0.013) in behavior characteristics level, and poor subjective economic status( β=-0.153, 95% CI=-0.261--0.045) in living and working conditions level were risk factors for the health utility value of the elderly with MCI. Drinking( β=0.096, 95% CI=0.022-0.171) in behavior characteristics level and participating in social activities( β=0.126, 95% CI=0.062-0.190) in interpersonal network level were protective factors for the health utility value of the elderly with MCI. Conclusions:The HRQOL of the community-dwelling elderly with MCI in China is low, and its influencing factors are multi-level. HEM should be combined to strengthen the intervention and management of the elderly with MCI from personal constitution to policy environment to improve their HRQOL.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and potential mechanism of paeoniflorin on oxidative stress of ulcerative colitis(UC)mice based on adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)pathway.METHODS Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,inhibitor group(AMPK inhibitor Compound C 20 mg/kg),paeoniflorin low-,medium-and high-dose groups(paeoniflorin 12.5,25,50 mg/kg),high-dose of paeoniflorin+inhibitor group(paeoniflorin 50 mg/kg+Compound C 20 mg/kg),with 8 mice in each group.Except for the control group,mice in all other groups were given 4%dextran sulfate sodium solution for 5 days to establish the UC model.Subsequently,mice in each drug group were given the corresponding drug solution intragastrically or intraperitoneally,once a day,for 7 consecutive days.The changes in body weight of mice were recorded during the experiment.Twenty-four hours after the last administration,colon length,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in colon tissues were measured;histopathological morphology of colon tissues,tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells,and histopathological scoring were all observed and evaluated;the mRNA expressions of AMPK and Nrf2,as well as the protein expressions of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),occludin and claudin-1,were all determined in colon tissue.RESULTS Compared with model group,paeoniflorin groups exhibited recovery from pathological changes such as inflammatory cell infiltration and crypt damage in the colon tissue,as well as improved tight junction damage between intestinal epithelial cells.Additionally,significant increases or upregulations were observed in body weight,colon length,activities of SOD and GSH-Px,phosphorylation level of AMPK,and protein expression of Nrf2,HO-1,occludin,claudin-1,and mRNA expressions of AMPK and Nrf2;concurrently,MDA content and histopathological scores were significantly reduced(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).In contrast,the inhibitor group showed comparable(P＞0.05)or worse(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)indicators compared to the model group.Conversely,the addition of AMPK inhibitor could significantly reverse the improvement of high-dose paconiflorin(P＜0.01).CONCLUSIONS Paeoniflorin can repair intestinal epithelial cell damage in mice,improve tight junctions between epithelial cells,upregulate the expression of related proteins,and promote the expression and secretion of antioxidant-promoting molecules,thereby ameliorating UC;its mechanism may be associated with activating AMPK/Nrf2 antioxidant pathway.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that mainly manifests clinically as progressive functional impairments in cognition,memory,and language.With the accelerated transition toward an older population in China,the number of people suffering from AD in China is increasing.The exact pathogenesis of AD remains unclear,with current therapeutic strategies mainly limited to symptomatic treatments.Animal models are important tools for preclinical research,enabling explorations of molecular mechanisms,behavioral functions,and treatment strategies of diseases.Future mechanistic research and drug development of AD should involve the establishment of animal models that are consistent with clinical pathological characteristics.This review summarizes the AD animal models commonly used in research,providing details on the strains,age,modeling method and doses.It also discusses research on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)components and their pharmacodynamic mechanisms in related AD animal models,aiming to provide references for the development of new animal models and in-depth exploration of the specific pharmacological activities,targets,metabolic pathways,and clinical applications of each TCM component.