The diabetic patients died of cardiovascular disease mainly. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of diabetes complicated with atherosclerosis were still unclear. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may play a vital intermediate role in the progression of diabetic atherosclerosis. Both of diabetic hyperglycemia induced hexosamine pathway and diabetes induced macrophage insulin resistance can lead to ER stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) produced by ER stress can be observed throughout the whole development course of atherosclerosis. In addition, ER stress also induced lipid deposition, cell apoptosis and inflammatory response, all of which was important for the progression of atherosclerosis. Though ER stress may be key for diabetes induced atherosclerosis, which pathway played the central role and the interaction between cytokines still need to be investigated. So that we could provide individual therapeutic scheme for treatment as well as prevention of diabetic complication.

In order to have a better understanding of the species diversity of medical plants in Enshi, Hubei of China, extensive field investigations and specimen collections were conducted in Enshi and adjacent regions. Based on field observations of plants in their living habitats and comparative morphological studies on specimens in herbarium of Hubei minzu University and other available herbaria as well, three new records of medical plants in Hubei, Scutellaria yunnanensis, Alangium faberi var. heterophyllum, and Drymaria diandra, were reported in this paper.
China ; Plants, Medicinal ; Records as Topic

Electromyography-triggered stimulation is being used as a method of combined therapy to improve upper extremity function for hemiplegia patients. It can induce voluntary motion and reduce muscular tone of affected extremity, enlarge range of motion, relieve shoulder pain, and reduce shoulder joint subluxation.

The chemical constituents isolated from the plants of Euchresta J. Benn (Fabaceae) included flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroids compounds. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the species in Euchresta J. Benn have antitumor, anti-HIV, antiplatelet aggregation, central inhibition, anti-oxidant, reducing blood lipid, and antibacterial activities. This article mainly reviewed the research advances in the chemical constituents and their biological activities of the plants in Euchresta J. Benn.

Objective To compare two different revascularization methods in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with multivessel coronary artery disease treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft ( CABG) .Methods T2DM patients with multivessel disease undergoing success-ful PCI or CABG were enrolled in the study .They were diagnosed by coronary angiography ( CAG) in Tianjin Chest Hospital from May 2009 to May 2010 whose.The patients were followed up for 3 years.The information of patients including physical performance , clinical features , and laboratory examination results were collected .The major ad-verse cardio cerebral events(MACCE)including death, myocardial infarction(MI), revascularization, angina pecto-ris, heart failure, and stroke were collected.Results During the 3 years of follow-up, MACCE(31.58% vs 17.68%, P<0.01), death(4.82%vs 1.10%, P<0.05), MI(4.39%vs 1.10%, P<0.05), angina pectoris (17.27%vs 10.50%, P<0.05)occurred more frequently in PCI group than in CABG group .Conclusion Evi-dences now tend to support CABG for revascularization in T 2DM patients with multivessel disease .

Objective: To investigate the effects of steroidal alkaloids and sarcovagine D isolated from Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna on cell-proliferation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in TNF-α-induced human RA-FLS MH7A in vitro, and against complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis rats in vivo. Methods: CCK-8 assay was utilized to evaluate the anti-proliferation activity in vitro. In in-vivo study, rats were randomly divided into control group, model group (CFA), steroidal alkaloids (STA) groups (5.0, 2.5 and 1.25 g/kg BW), and sarcovagine D (SD) groups (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW), 10 rats for each group. To evaluate the anti-inflammation effect, the histology, biochemical parameters and expression of inflammatory cytokines were detected. Results: Steroidal alkaloids and sarcovagine D showed strong anti-proliferative activity during MH7A cell culture proliferation and downregulated NO levels, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE

ObjectiveTo provide anatomy information for harvesting a pedicle or free posterior interosseous artery cutaneous branches-chain flaps. MethodsFourteen forearms from fresh human cadaver were used to study the anatomy characteristics of the posterior interosseous artery cutaneous branches-chain flaps with the following three methods:latex perfusion for microanatomy,denture materials and vinyl chloride mixed packing for cast,and PVA-bismuth oxide perfusion for molybdenum target X-ray arteriography.The cutaneous perforator with a diameter ≥ 0.2 mm were included for statistical analysis.Results① There were 6.2 cutaneous branches raised from posterior interosseous artery. Measuring from the radial edge of ulnar head to the lateral epicondyle of humerus as the standard distance, the distal cutaneous branch clusters located at 21.24％ relative to the standard distance,while the proximal clusters located at 47.86％.② There were two large cutaneous perforators from the posterior interosseous artery at(5.82 ± 1.22)cm proximal to the ulnar styloid and (10.34 ±0.98)cm distal to the epicondyle of humerus.The diameter and pedicle length of the distal perforators were(0.50± 0.04)mm and (16.79 ± 5.12)mm respectively,while the proximal perforator were (0.60 ± 0.08 )mm in diameter with a pedicle (21.20 ± 12.28)mm in length.③ The vascular chains parallel to the posterior interosseous artery were formed via anastomosis of the adjacent cutaneous perforators. ConclusionThere is clinical significance to use pedicle or free posterior interosseous artery cutaneous branches-chain flaps.

Objective To detect Chlamydia trachomatis phage Vp1 gene in clinical swab specimens and anti-Vp1 antibodies in serum specimens.MethodsCervical and urethral swab as well as serum specimens were collected from attendees to the sexually transmitted disease(STD) clinic in the Tianjin Institute of STD,during March 2008 to March 2011.PCR was conducted to detect chlamydial phage Vp1 gene in swab samples,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and Western blot to detect anti-Vp1 antibody in sera.The swab specimens positive for Vp1 gene were subjected to cell culture followed by the detection of Vp1 protein with an immunofluorescence-based method.ResultsTotally,36 out of 1542 swab specimens turned out to be positive for Vp1 gene,and 23 out of 453 serum specimens for anti-Vp1 antibody.No positive results were obtained in the Vp1 gene-positive swab specimens by cell culture and immunofluorescence-based assay.ConclusionThe Vp1 gene of Chlamydial trachomatis phage and anti-Vp1 antibody are successfully detected from clinical swab and serum specimens respectively.

Objective To investigate the influence of atorvastatin in methylation and expression level of Bcl-2 in human umbilical endothelial cells(HUVECs)treated with homocysteine(Hcy)and to expound potential mechanism of atorvastatin resisting arteriosclerosis.Methods After HUVECs were treated with 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 mmol·L-1 Hcy for 48 h,MTT was used to measure the inhibitory rates of HUVECs and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50 ). According to the experimental results, the HUVECs cultured in vitro were divided into control group (0.00 mmol · L-1 Hcy ), Hcy group (9.00 mmol·L-1 Hcy ), and atorvastatin group (9.00 mmol·L-1 Hcy+1×10-3 mmol·L-1 atorvastatin).After treated for 48 h,flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rate of cells, the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 was analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR,the protein expression of Bcl-2 was detected by Western blotting method, and the methylation level of Bcl-2 promoter region was determined by nest touch-down PCR combined with methylation specific PCR (MSP ). Results Compared with control group,the apoptotic rate of HUVECs in Hcy group was increased(P<0.01),the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the Bcl-2 promoter region methylation level was also decreased(P<0.01).Compared with Hcy group,the apoptotic rate of HUVECs in atorvastatin group was decreased(P<0.01),the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 gene were increased (P<0.05), and the Bcl-2 promoter region methylation level was also increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Atorvastatin can prevent the apoptosis of HUVECs induced by Hcy through regulating Bcl-2 methylation.

Objective To observe the influence of different level of hyperhomocysteinemia on mRNA and protein expressions of KV1 .3 ,CaN,NFAT,IL-6 and TNF-αin lymphocytes of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods We selected 90 STEMI patients and divided them into three groups according to the level of plasma homocysteine:the first experimental group (STEMI group,Hcy<1 5μmol/L, n=30),the second experimental group (STEMI with mild Hhcy group,Hcy 15~30μmol/L,n=30)and the third experimental group (STEMI with intermediate Hhcy group,Hcy>30 μmol/L,n=30 ).Another 30 healthy examined people were selected as control group (n=3 0 ).Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation.The Hcy in the plasma was measured with the IMX assays.Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR)was used to detect mRNA expressions of KV1.3,CnAα,NFAT1,IL-6 and TNF-αand Western blot technique was used to detect the expressions of KV1.3,CnAαand NFAT1.Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of KV1.3,CnAαand NFAT1 in each experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0 .0 5 or P<0 .0 1 ).Multiple comparison in each experimental group showed that compared with that in the first experimental group,the expression level of the second experimental group increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01)and compared with first and second experimental groups,the expression level of the third experimental group increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-αin each experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01 ).Multiple comparison in each experimental group showed that compared with that in the first experimental group,the expression level of the second experimental group increased (P<0 .0 5 or P<0 .0 1 )and compared with first and second experimental groups,the expression level of the third experimental group increased (P<0.01).Plasma total Hcy levels were positively correlated with mRNA and protein expressions of KV1.3 in all observed groups (r=0.503 P=0.000,r=0.726 P=0.000).Conclusion The higher level of Hcy in plasma,the higher mRNA and protein expression levels of KV1.3,CnAα,NFAT1 and the higher mRNA expression levels of IL-6,TNF-αin the lymphocyte of STEMI patients,which may be one mechanism for Hcy exacerbating the inflammatory reaction of STEMI.