Prediction of the relations among drug and other molecular or social entities is the main knowledge discovery pattern for the purpose of drug-related knowledge discovery. Computational approaches have combined the information from different resources and levels for drug-related knowledge discovery, which provides a sophisticated comprehension of the relationship among drugs, targets, diseases, and targeted genes, at the molecular level, or relationships among drugs, usage, side effect, safety, and user preference, at a social level. In this research, previous work from the BioNLP community and matrix or tensor decomposition was reviewed, compared, and concluded, and eventually, the BioNLP open-shared task was introduced as a promising case study representing this area.
Comprehension

This study is attempted to propose a quality evaluation method of the materials for nutrition education by applying readability test of printed materials for nutrition education. It is significantly important for the teaching class with nutrition education materials to consider students understanding level and education materials topics or choosing words in developed printed materials. This study performed an evaluation of the readability of text in teachers' guidebook, which is devised for elementary school students' education material about sugar, sodium and trans-fat and attempted to estimate the developing materials through analyzing difficulty level of the text. We utilized "The Teacher's Guidebook for Cooking Activity" that had been developed for elementary school by Ministry Education Science and Technology, as the readability evaluation standard. Compared with the average score of readability about "The Teacher's Guidebook for Cooking Activity", 72.94 +/- 6.85, "Sugar Guidebook" was 70.94 +/- 7.46, "Sodium Guidebook" was 68.76 +/- 14.50, and "Trans-fat Guidebook" was 58.87 +/- 10.79. Considering the subjects careers or ages, "The Teacher's Guidebook for Cooking Activity" has little deviation by the subjects careers or ages and was "intermediate" or "easy" level; however, "Sugar Guidebook", "Sodium Guidebook", "Trans-fat Guidebook" was "intermediate" or "difficult" level (p < 0.05). Readability score was especially low when the contents of some particular subjects were too professionalized or scientific terms were frequently used, and thes results were definitely seen in the "Sodium Guidebook" and "Trans-fat Guidebook". With Cloze test score, the readability evaluation will be using as an evaluation tool for the nutrition education materials.
Comprehension ; Cooking ; Humans ; Sodium

This paper introduced some classifications of the documents such as materials containing the information (type, CD-ROM, film...), publications (book, journals, figure, chart, and disk...) and duration of publications. The paper also suggested some major principles for setting up the document resource including selection, suitability and comprehension
Libraries, Medical ; Comprehension

paradigm ; Comprehension ; Depressive disorder

The purpose of this paper is to present a form of aphasia test, Modified Western Aphasia Battery (MWAB), which can be a practical method of examing and classifying Korean aphasic patients. This scorable test has five subtests: information, fluency, comprehension, repetition and naming. The authors have examined 11 aphasics and 34 normal control with this test, and report its methods and results.
Aphasia* ; Comprehension ; Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the levels of pain intensity and pain relief between cancer patients and nursing records, and to compare the barriers to pain control between cancer patients and their nurses. METHODS: Data were collected from 90 cancer patients who were admitted to three oncology wards and 90 oncology nurses in the same three wards at C University Hospital in G City from July to September, 2012. RESULTS: The most severe pain intensity reported by cancer patients was 6.59 points on the first day of analgesic treatment, while that of their nursing records was 3.98 points on the first day. There were significant changes in pain intensity over time between two groups (F=142.07, p<.001). The highest level of pain relief reported by patients was 2.87 points on the third day, while that of nursing records was 1.67 points on the first day. The score for the social system area of barriers to pain control among the nurses was higher than that of cancer patients (t=-3.69, p=.021). CONCLUSION: Nurses need to frequently check and to be sensitive to cancer pain. Furthermore, the administrative procedures of narcotic analgesics need to be simplified.
Comprehension ; Humans ; Narcotics ; Nursing Records

In plastic and reconstructive craniomaxillofacial surgery, careful preoperative planning is essential to get a successful outcome. Many craniomaxillofacial surgeons have used imaging modalities like conventional radiographs, computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) for supporting the planning process. But, there are a lot of limitations in the comprehension of the surgical anatomy with these modalities. Medical models made with rapid prototyping (RP) technique represent a new approach for preoperative planning and simulation surgery. With rapid prototyping models, surgical procedures can be simulated and performed interactively so that surgeon can get a realistic impression of complex structures before surgical intervention. The great advantage of rapid prototyping technique is the precise reproduction of objects from a 3-dimensional reconstruction image as a physical model. Craniomaxillofacial surgeon can establish treatment strategy through preoperative simulation surgery and predict the postoperative result.
Comprehension ; Models, Anatomic ; Plastics ; Reproduction

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate how nurses perceive the Career Ladder System(CLS). METHODS: This study was a descriptive survey using questionnaires. Questionnaires were developed by an expert group. Participants included 161 nurses working in the Children's Hospital. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, descriptive statistics, chi-square-test and ANCOVA. RESULTS: This study revealed that nurses who advanced in their career ladders have a significantly higher perception of participation in their professional activities and a general comprehension of the CLS more than the nurses who did not advance in their career ladders. However, nurses who advanced in their career ladders have a significantly lower perception of the expected outcome of the CLS more than nurses who did not. CONCLUSIONS: This result showed that nurses who had experienced in clinical advancement and recognition were highly motivated with their professional activities via the CLS as well as they considered it to allow professional growth.
Career Mobility ; Comprehension ; Surveys and Questionnaires

In this study, the actual usage of loanwords, abbreviations, and jargon (terminology) in the hands-on clinical setting and clinical nurses' understanding of terminology were examined. A glossary of terminology that caused communication problems was compiled in order to contribute to the improvement of communication among nurses and between nurses and physicians. A total of 1,000 nurses in six hospitals in Prefecture, A Japan, were asked to fill out a questionnaire prepared by us. A total of 163 examples of terminology that were incomprehensible to them and caused communication problems were extracted from the survey findings and used in the glossary of terminology. Of the 748 respondents, 97% said that they used special terms, and 81.6% said they had encountered terminology that they were unable to understand. Among the latter, 9.1% had experienced problems through the use of terminology. Some of the problems cited were [lack of comprehension by the listener], [delay in treatment], etc. Concerning the necessity of terminology, 44.5% responded that it was either [necessary] or [very necessary]. Examples of terminology that many respondents had difficulty understanding were [suteru] and [takiru], among others. The use of terminology, which can deliver information quickly and concisely to a listener, plays a large role in the performance of nursing duties, but the inherent danger of bringing about a medical accident was also indicated. In addition, it was suggested that as a specialist working in an important clinical setting concerned with people's lives, each nurse should keep in mind that it is extremely important to understand the correct meaning of technical terms and to use them appropriately.
Terminology ; Clinical ; Comprehension ; Nurses ; Communication

PURPOSE: We performed an analysis of the smartphone legibility of the websites of the Korean Urological Association (KUA) and other urological societies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on the websites of the KUA and nine other urological societies. Each website was accessed via iPhone Safari and Android Chrome, respectively, to evaluate the establishment and readability of the mobile web pages. The provision of Really Simple Syndication (RSS) feeds by the websites and whether the websites had Twitter and Facebook accounts were evaluated. In addition, a validation test on the web standards was performed by using the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C(R)) Markup Validation Service, and subsequently the numbers of errors and warnings that occurred were analyzed. RESULTS: When accessed via Safari, two websites were legible, four were somewhat legible, and four were somewhat illegible. When accessed via Chrome, two websites were legible, six were somewhat legible, and two were somewhat illegible. One website provided an RSS feed and two websites managed members via separate Twitter accounts. No website supported mobile web pages. The result of the W3C(R) Markup Validation test on 10 websites showed a mean error rate of 221.6 (range, 13-1,477) and a mean warning rate of 127.13 (range, 0-655). CONCLUSIONS: The smartphone legibility level of the websites of urological societies was relatively low. Improved smartphone legibility and web standard compliance of the websites of urological societies are required to keep up with the popularity of smartphones.
Compliance ; Comprehension ; Internet ; Korea ; Urology