Diagnostic ; Neisseria ; Gonorrhea ; Comparative Study

The “Kokon Hoi” was compiled by Koga Tsugen and was the most widely used formulary in the Edo era. Here are the results of this author's examination of various “Kokon Hoi” editions.1) Koga Tsugen received the source book of “Kokon Hoi” from the publisher Umemura, and compiled “Sanpo Kokon Hoi”.2) The original edition of “Kokon Hoi” was published by Umemura in around1692. This edition was a lengthwise book and contained 1263 prescriptions, which is the fewest of all the editions examined here.3) Umemura published an expanded edition of the original “Kokon Hoi” around1696. This was an oblong book, and included almost all of the prescriptions of the original “Kokon Hoi” with an additional 273 prescriptions.4) At the request of Umemura, Koga Tsugen published “Sanpo Kokon Hoi” with an additional 348 prescriptions in 1733, and subsequently, “Jutei Kokon Hoi” with an additional 43 prescriptions in 1747. “Jutei Kokon Hoi” was then reprinted in the years 1780, 1808 and 1862.
Books ; Editions ; Comparative Study ; historical period ; seconds

The clinical bacteriology laboratory has to be prepared to isolate and identify anaerobes as the implication of anaerobes in clinical infections is increasing. Although many types of thioglycollate media have been widely used for the enrichment growth of anerobes, different types are known to have different growth supporting ability. GAM is a recently developed medium, which is said to support a good growth of anaerobes. This study was made to compare GAM and the commonly used thioglycollate medium. It was found that BTM was superior to FTM, but GAM was showing the heaviest growth after a short incubation time. Hemoglobin powder added to FTM or BTM greatly improved growth of Bacteroides without impairing the clarity of the media. Supplementation of FTM with 1/4 strength each of BHI and TSB, and 1000 mg of hemoglobin per liter of medium improved growth of anaerobes. Among all of the tested media, GAM gave the best results for the cultivation of anaerobes including Bacteroides and Fusobacterium.
Anaerobiosis ; Bacteria/growth & development* ; Comparative Study ; Culture Media* ; Hemoglobins ; Thioglycolates*

A daily count of air borne pollen was done within the city limits of Seoul, Korea for a period of two years (1984-1985) using Durham's Gravity Sampling Device. Two major pollen seasons, March through May, and the month of September, were easily distinguishable. The concentration of the different types of pollen as well as all of the pollens combined varied similarly both years to a significant degree. The pollen types found in the greatest numbers were Alnus (March), Populus (April), Quercus (April-May), Pinus(May), grasses (September), and weeds (September). The main weed pollens detected in September, sagebrush, ragweed and Japanese hop would also be considered to be important allergenic pollens of respiratory allergy in Korea. The results of the survey are discussed in the light of especially relevant published literature.
Air Pollution/analysis* ; Comparative Study ; Human ; Korea ; Pollen/analysis* ; Seasons

Pulmonary Function tests are widely used in clinical practice in the assessment of a variety of patients. the values obtained in this test are obtained using the standard formula made by Morris et al based on the age and height of Caucasian population.

in this study, a comparison was made of the PFT results of 358 patients using both the Morris Standard formula and those made by Roa et al based on a filipino population, using the statistical program MICROSTAT. results revealed a statistically significant difference in practically all variables, except for the FEV% and the FVC in males, this means therefore that the filipino standard developed by Roa et al should be used since the final patient classification significantly changes.

The polymorphic variants of HLA-linked genetic markers GLO, Bf, C2 and C4 were determined in Koreans. The GLO2 allele was found at a similar frequency as compared with other orientals and at higher frequency than in Caucasians. The gene frequencies of BfS and BfF showed different figures from those in other orientals and were similar to Caucasians. The C2C allele was the highest variant as in other populations. The rare variant C2A was not observed in this study. The common variants of C4A alleles are C4A*3 and C4A*4. Among the C4B variants, C4B*1, C4B*2 and C4B* QO are common in that order. Several undefined electrophoretic variants C4A and C4B were observed in this study. These findings suggest that the frequencies of various HLA-linked genetic markers can be used in anthropological studies.
Caucasoid Race ; Comparative Study ; Genetic Markers* ; HLA Antigens/genetics* ; Human ; Korea ; Mongoloid Race* ; Polymorphism (Genetics)

The present study compares three centering methods for excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK. VISX 20/20) by analyzing the corneal topography. The subjects were grouped according to three different centering methods used in the procedure: an ablation using a light reflex from the patient's cornea pursued by both eyes of the surgeon (Group 1, n = 49); an ablation using a red light reflex from the patient's cornea pursued by the surgeon's left eye only while the right eye remained closed (Group 2, n = 27); an ablation using the patient's center of the pupil pursued by the surgeon's left eye only while the right eye remained closed (Group 3, n = 21). The mean distance from the center of ablation zone to the center of the pupil were; 0.69 +/- 0.45 mm for Group 1, 1.05 +/- 0.48 mm for Group 2 and 0.63 +/- 0.28 mm for Group 3. The degree of deviation in Group 2 was significantly greater than in Group 1 or Group 3. The deviation was greater in the right eyes than the left eyes in Group 2 only. The decentration of the right eye in Group 2 was due to angle Kappa with misalignment of the fixation light and viewing tube containing reticule.
Adult ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Human ; Keratectomy, Photorefractive, Excimer Laser/methods* ; Male

Currently conventional modes of controlled mechanical ventilation, such as intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) and continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV), with high volumes and low rates are utilized for the rhythmic inflation of the lungs. Basically the functional characteristics of these systems have not changed since Bjork and Engstrom first reviewed them in 1955 (Bjork and Engstrom 1955; Sjostrand 1983). Impairment of cardiovascular function and increasing the incidence of barotrauma with high airway pressure were problems which have needed to be solved. Thus respiratory support using high rates and low tidal volumes of ventilation was given. High-frequency ventilation(HFV) is not totally new idea, prototypes of it are found in nature in humming birds, insects and newborn babies. Moreover, HFV was reported in 1915 by Handerson who said that an adequate gas exchange could take place with a tidal volume less than the anatomical deadspace. But since the introduction of HFV in 1967, the basic concept of respiratory physiology has changed (Sjostrand and Smith 1983). HFV has received much attention in the last 20 years, resulting in a considerable accumulation of information. Many experimental and clinical studies have detailed the potential advantages of HFV but indicate that much work needs to be done to define and clarify the clinical role of these techniques and suggest that the standardized, reliable equipment with safety systems be developed. The purpose of this review is not to offer definite information for further investigation, but simply to provide background information for a better understanding of the experimental and clinical results recently achieved by many other researchers. Limited foci are as follows: 1) Definition and classification of HFV. 2) Technical developments and considerations. 3) Physiologic aspects of HFV. 4) Clinical applications. 5) Comparative studies between IPPV and HFV. 6) Problems and looking ahead.
Comparative Study ; High-Frequency Jet Ventilation ; High-Frequency Ventilation*/classification ; Human ; Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation

Currently conventional modes of controlled mechanical ventilation, such as intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) and continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV), with high volumes and low rates are utilized for the rhythmic inflation of the lungs. Basically the functional characteristics of these systems have not changed since Bjork and Engstrom first reviewed them in 1955 (Bjork and Engstrom 1955; Sjostrand 1983). Impairment of cardiovascular function and increasing the incidence of barotrauma with high airway pressure were problems which have needed to be solved. Thus respiratory support using high rates and low tidal volumes of ventilation was given. High-frequency ventilation(HFV) is not totally new idea, prototypes of it are found in nature in humming birds, insects and newborn babies. Moreover, HFV was reported in 1915 by Handerson who said that an adequate gas exchange could take place with a tidal volume less than the anatomical deadspace. But since the introduction of HFV in 1967, the basic concept of respiratory physiology has changed (Sjostrand and Smith 1983). HFV has received much attention in the last 20 years, resulting in a considerable accumulation of information. Many experimental and clinical studies have detailed the potential advantages of HFV but indicate that much work needs to be done to define and clarify the clinical role of these techniques and suggest that the standardized, reliable equipment with safety systems be developed. The purpose of this review is not to offer definite information for further investigation, but simply to provide background information for a better understanding of the experimental and clinical results recently achieved by many other researchers. Limited foci are as follows: 1) Definition and classification of HFV. 2) Technical developments and considerations. 3) Physiologic aspects of HFV. 4) Clinical applications. 5) Comparative studies between IPPV and HFV. 6) Problems and looking ahead.
Comparative Study ; High-Frequency Jet Ventilation ; High-Frequency Ventilation*/classification ; Human ; Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation

An hemodynamic evaluation of two mechanical heart valves is presented. A tilting disc valve and a bileaflet valve were incorporated in a mock circulatory system which consists of a closed flow loop with a pneumatically driven flexible diaphragm to simulate the physiologic pulsatile flow. Comparisons between the valves were made on the aortic pressure, ventricular pressure, as well as mean pressure gradient at a systolic duration of 45% and a heart rate of 90 beats per minute. The results showed that the tilting disc valve has higher ventricular pressure and mean pressure gradient than that of the bileaflet valve. This indicates that the tilting disc valve has higher transvalvular flow resistance and energy loss than that of the bileaflet valve. From this study it is demonstrated that the mock circulatory system can be a very useful device to evaluate the prosthetic heart valves in vitro.
Comparative Study ; *Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Models, Structural ; Pressure ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't