Up to 1997, 41 provinces (67%) implemented the vertical administration of the health network. 18 provinces (33%) implemented the local administration of the health network. The ASEAN members have implemented the vertical administration of the health network. The experiences and fact have shown that the method of the vertical administration found effectively and actively. It allowed exploiting the potential of all resources and developing the efficacy of health activity in the past and current period.
Community Networks ; Organization and Administration

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated knowledge structure and its effect factor by analysis of co-author and keyword networks in Korea's preventive medicine sector. METHODS: The data was extracted from 873 papers listed in the Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, and was transformed into a co-author and keyword matrix where the existence of a 'link' was judged by impact factors calculated by the weight value of the role and rate of author participation. Research achievement was dependent upon the author's status and networking index, as analyzed by neighborhood degree, multidimensional scaling, correspondence analysis, and multiple regression. RESULTS: Co-author networks developed as randomness network in the center of a few high-productivity researchers. In particular, closeness centrality was more developed than degree centrality. Also, power law distribution was discovered in impact factor and research productivity by college affiliation. In multiple regression, the effect of the author's role was significant in both the impact factor calculated by the participatory rate and the number of listed articles. However, the number of listed articles varied by sex. CONCLSIONS: This study shows that the small world phenomenon exists in co-author and keyword networks in a journal, as in citation networks. However, the differentiation of knowledge structure in the field of preventive medicine was relatively restricted by specialization.
*Authorship ; Community Networks/*organization & administration ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; *Periodicals as Topic ; *Preventive Medicine

The research and development (R&D) process of Chinese medicine, with one notable feature, clinical application based, is significantly different from which of chemical and biological medicine, from laboratory research to clinics. Besides, compound prescription is another character. Therefore, according to different R&D theories between Chinese and Western medicine, we put forward a new strategy in drug design of Chinese medicine, which focuses on "combination-activity relationship (CAR)", taking prescription discovery, component identification and formula optimization as three key points to identify the drugs of high efficacy and low toxicity. The method of drug design of Chinese medicine includes: new prescription discovery based on clinical data and literature information, component identification based on computing and experimental research, as well as formula optimization based on system modeling. This paper puts forward the concept, research framework and techniques of drug design of Chinese medicine, which embodies the R&D model of Chinese medicine, hoping to support the drug design of Chinese medicine theoretically and technologically.
Algorithms ; Community Networks ; organization & administration ; Computational Biology ; methods ; Drug Design ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Models, Biological ; Models, Theoretical ; Research Design

OBJECTIVETo study the efficacy of community management model of bronchial asthma in children.

METHODThrough community outreach and clinic, 120 cases of children with asthma were enrolled from the 11 000 children aged 0 to 14 in Zhanlanlu area, and a community management model of asthma was established according to the Global Initiative for Asthma requirements combined with the actual situation of the community, both physicians and patients participated in case identification, file creation, and long-term standardized management. Through repeated medical education, the telephone hotline and interactive network of asthma among physicians, children and parents, a physician-patient relationship was established. The data of standardized medication, scheduled re-visit to the hospital, frequency of asthma attacks, antibiotic use, medical expenses, the loss of parents work hours etc. before and after the implementation of community management model were analyzed and compared.

RESULTAfter implementation of community management model, the use of systemic corticosteroids (19.4%), oral medication (31.6%) was significantly lower than those before implementation (68.3% and 90.0%) (χ(2) = 51.9, 41.1, P < 0.01), use of inhaled corticosteroids (76.5%) and oral leukotriene receptor antagonist (79.6%) was significantly higher compared with control and before management level (10.0%), χ(2) = 106.0, P < 0.01. The days of attacks of asthma (4.6 ± 2.3), the use of antibiotics (16.2 ± 6.1), (5.7 ± 2.9) and the cost of treatment significantly decreased. In 16 cases (13.3%) two-way referral was applied. In this study, the dropout rate was 18.3%, by telephone and network supervision of lost cases, re-education, made some children return to management, eventually the dropout rate was 9.2%.

CONCLUSIONEnrollment of children with bronchial asthma into community management model made the children adhere to the management regularly and a standardized management was achieved.

Adolescent ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Child ; Child Health Services ; methods ; organization & administration ; Child, Preschool ; Community Health Services ; methods ; organization & administration ; Community Networks ; Disease Management ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Patient Compliance ; Patient Education as Topic ; organization & administration ; Self Care

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of 'village health worker training program' which aimed to build community participatory health promotion capacity of community leaders in villages of low developed country and to develop methods for further development of the program. METHODS: The intervention group were 134 community leaders from 25 barangays (village). Control group were 149 form 4 barangays. Intervention group participated 3-day training program. Questionnaire was developed based on 'Health Promotion Capacity Checklist' which assessed capacity in 4 feathers; 'knowledge', 'skill', 'commitment', and 'resource'. Each feather was assessed in 4 point rating scale. Capacity scores between intervention group and control group were examined to identify changes between the pre- and post-intervention periods. A qualitative evaluation of the program was conducted to assess the appropriateness of the program. The program was conducted in Tuguegarao city, Philippine in January, 2009. RESULTS: The result showed significant increases in the total health promotion capacity and each feather of health promotion capacities between pre and post assessment of intervention group. But there was no significant change in that of control group. Participants marked high level of satisfaction for preparedness, selection of main subjects and education method. Qualitative evaluation revealed that training program facilitated community participatory health promotion capacity of participants. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that the Village health worker training program is effective for building health promotion capacity of community leaders and it can be a main method for helping low developed countries with further development.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Community Networks/*organization & administration ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Personnel/*education ; *Health Promotion ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Philippines ; *Program Evaluation ; Public Health/manpower ; Qualitative Research ; Questionnaires ; Rural Health Services/*manpower ; Sanitation ; Water Supply ; Young Adult