Common Cold ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Rhinovirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification

Regan Syrup has the effect of clearing heat, releasing exterior, benefiting pharynx and relieving cough, and previous phase Ⅱ clinical trial showed that the efficacy of Regan Syrup high-dose and low-dose groups was better than that of the placebo group, and there was no statistically significant difference in the safety between the three groups. The present study was conducted to further investigate the efficacy and safety of the recommended dose(20 mL) of Regan Syrup in the treatment of common cold(wind-heat syndrome). Patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected and divided into the test group(Regan Syrup+Shufeng Jiedu Capsules placebo), positive drug group(Regan Syrup placebo+Shufeng Jiedu Capsules) and placebo group(Regan Syrup placebo+Shufeng Jiedu Capsules placebo) at a 1∶1∶1 using a block randomization method. The course of treatment was 3 days. A total of 119 subjects were included from six study centers, 39 in the test group, 40 in the positive drug group and 40 in the placebo group. The onset time of antipyretic effect was shorter in the test group than in the placebo group(P≤0.01) and the positive drug group, but the difference between the test group and the positive drug group was not significant. The test group was superior to the positive drug group in terms of fever resolution(P<0.05), and had a shorter onset time of fever resolution than the placebo group, but without obvious difference between the two groups. Compared to the positive drug group, the test group had shortened disappearance time of all symptoms(P≤0.000 1). In addition, the test group was better than the positive drug group and the placebo group in relieving symptoms of sore throat and fever(P<0.05), and in terms of clinical efficacy, the recovery rate of common cold(wind-heat syndrome) was improved in the test group compared to that in the placebo group(P<0.05). On the fourth day after treatment, the total TCM syndrome score in both test group and positive drug group was lower than that in the placebo group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between three groups and none of them experienced any serious adverse events related to the study drug. The results indicated that Regan Syrup could shorten the onset time of antipyretic effect, reduce the time of fever resolution, alleviate the symptoms such as sore throat and fever caused by wind-heat cold, reduce the total score of Chinese medicine symptoms, and improve the clinical recovery rate with good safety.
Humans ; Antipyretics/therapeutic use* ; Capsules ; Common Cold/diagnosis* ; Double-Blind Method ; Fever/drug therapy* ; Hot Temperature ; Pharyngitis ; Treatment Outcome

To discuss the general situation of the clinic utilization of Guizhi decoction in modem times. Look up the literature about the clinic utilization research of guizhi decoction in recent years, then to analyze and coordinate the useful informations. Guizhi decoction is widely used in clinic areas. The range of Guizhi decoction' treatment involves circulation, immunity, procreation, endocrine, digestion, nerve, etc. and covers various clinic illness such as internal medicine, surgery, gynaecology and obstetrics, pediatrics, ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology, stomatology, etc.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; drug therapy ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; Cinnamomum zeylanicum ; chemistry ; Common Cold ; drug therapy ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Nocturnal Enuresis ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; drug therapy

Common cold is the most frequent illness encountered in general practice. Several viruses can cause common cold, but rhinoviruses are by far most common. Treatments have included symptomatic measures, pharmacological blockers, and specific antiviral agents, as well as drugs with yet unestablished mechanism of action. A systematic, evidence-based assessment based on the relevant literature is imperative for rational selection of treatment modality for patients with a common cold. Alleviation of symptoms remains the only proved way to manage common cold. First generation antihistamines, anticholinergics, and agonists effectively reduce rhinorrhea and sneezing but have minimal effects on other symptoms. Antitussive agents are probably of minimal benefit. Over-the-counter cold treatments are effective only in adults and adolescents. Antiviral drugs such as interferon alfa-2b are effective only if taken before symptoms develop. Primary care physicians need to identify those patients with acute pharyngitis who require specific antimicrobial therapy and to avoid unnecessary and potentially deleterious treatment. In most cases, differentiation between these two types of infection can be accomplished easily if the physician considers the epidemiologic setting, the history, and the physical findings, plus the results of a few readily available laboratory tests. When antimicrobial therapy is required, the safest, narrowest-spectrum, and most cost-effective drugs should be used.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antitussive Agents ; Antiviral Agents ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; Common Cold ; Drug Therapy ; General Practice ; Histamine Antagonists ; Humans ; Interferons ; Pharyngitis ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Prescriptions* ; Rhinovirus ; Sneezing

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect and safety of Suhuang Zhike Capsule (SZC) on post-cold cough.

METHODSThe multi-centered randomized double-blinded clinical trial was adopted, and Zhike Ningsuo Capsule (ZNC) as the positive control drug, 280 patients were enrolled and assigned to two groups, the 210 patients (2 dropped out) in the treatment group were treated with SZC, and the 70 (1 dropped out) in the control group treated with ZNC, both at the daily dose of 3 capsules for three times, and the course for all patients was 7 days. The frequency, degree of cough as well as the condition of throat itching and expectoration were observed.

RESULTSThe program was completed in 204 patients of the treatment group and 67 in the control group. per-protocol (PP) analysis on cough showed the total effective rate and the cured-effective rate was 87.75 % and 58.82% in the treatment group respectively, which was superior to that in the control group, 76.12% and 34.33%, respectively (P < 0.05). intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis on cough also showed the similar results 87.02 % vs 75.36% for total effective rate, 57.42% vs 35.71% for the cured-effective rate (P < 0.05). The two indexes of effectiveness on disease analyzed by PP were 92.16 % and 60.29% in the treatment group, and 86.57% and 31.34% in the control group respectively (P < 0.05), and by ITT were 91.35 % and 59.62%, 85.51% and 30.43%, respectively (P < 0.05), both showed significant difference between groups only in cured-effective rate but not in the total effective rate (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSZC is effective and safe in treating post-cold cough.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Capsules ; Common Cold ; complications ; Cough ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Compound Wuzhigan capsules is a compound preparation composed of Wuzhigan, Shidagonglao, Gangmei, Shanzhima. A Randomized, double-blind, multi-center, positive parallel control designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of compound Wuzhigan capsules on anemopyretic cold. One hundred and twenty anemopyretic cold patients were given compound Wuzhigan capsules (test group), 2 capsules one time, three times a day, 119 patients were given compound Wuzhigan tablets (control group) ,4 tablets one time, three times a day; three days of treatment The study showed, the markedly effective rate and total effective rate respectively were 63. 3% and 80% of the test group. For the control group, the markedly effective rate and total effective rate respectively were 72. 5% and 80. 7%. The difference was not statistically significant. Compound Wuzhigan capsules can reduce the dosage, and get better patient compliance.
Adult ; Capsules ; Common Cold ; complications ; drug therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Safety ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

In China, many surveys have shown that most people do not have a correct understanding about cold and administration of anti-cold Chinese patent medicine preparations. The author conducted a systematic summary and analysis on the actual application of anti-cold Chinese patent medicine preparations as well as the warning on safe application of anti-cold Chinese patent medicine preparations in Clinical Medication Information of China Pharmacopoeia, in the expectation of reducing the blind application of anti-cold Chinese patent medicine preparations and providing traditional Chinese medicine pharmacists new ideas in monitoring the safe application of exterior syndrome-relieving Chinese patent medicine preparations.
China ; Common Cold ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Nonprescription Drugs ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo observe the impacts on repeated common cold for the adults with different constitutions treated by acupoint application in the dog days (the three periods of the hottest days) and the three nine-day periods after the winter solstice (the three periods of the coldest days).

METHODSOne hundred and fifty-two cases of repeated common cold were divided into four zones according to the body constitution. Each zone was sub-divided into a group of the dog days + the three nine-day periods of the coldest days (group A), and a simple group of the dog periods (group B). In both groups, Dazhui (GV 14), Feishu (BL 13), Tiantu (CV 22), Danzhong (CV 17), Zhongfu (LU 1) and Shenshu (BL 23) were selected. In group A, the acupoint application was given on the 1st or 2nd day of the first, second and third periods of the hottest days in 2010, as well as the 1st or 2nd day of the first, second and third periods of the coldest days in 2010 separately. In group B, the acupoint application was only given on the 1st or 2nd day of the first, second and third periods of the hottest days in 2010. The follow-up visit was conducted before the acupoint application in the three periods of the coldest days in 2010 and before the acupoint application in the three periods of the hottest days in 2011. Additionally, the frequency of disease attack and the symptom score in sickness were taken as the observation indices for the efficacy assessment in both groups.

RESULTS(1) In both groups, the attack frequency was reduced obviously in half a year after the three periods of the hottest days for the patients of qi deficiency constitution, yang deficiency constitution and qi stagnation constitution and the clinical symptom score were reduced apparently (all P<0.01), which were superior to those for the patients of phlegm damp constitution (P<0.01, P<0.05). For the patients of phlegm damp constitution, only the clinical symptom score was reduced (P<0.01). (2) In group A, the improvements were received in the attack frequency and the clinical symptom score in half a year after the three periods of the coldest days for the patients of those four constitutions as compared with those before treatment (all P<0.01). In group B, the attack frequency and the clinical symptom score were all back to the level as those before treatment. (3) In group A, in half a year after the three periods of the coldest days, the efficacy for reducing the attack frequency and the improvements in the clinical symptoms were better than those in group B (all P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe acupoint application in the dog days and the three nine-day periods after the winter solstice reduces the attack frequency and relieves the clinical symptoms of common cold for the adults of individual constitutions to different extents. The efficacy can be further improved in the treatment with the acupoint application in the three nine-day periods after the winter solstice half a year after the acupoint application in the dog days.

Acupuncture Points ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Common Cold ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine public level of knowledge and attitudes regarding antibiotic use and potential drug resistance. METHODS: A cross-sectional face-to-face survey of 1,177 residents aged 18 or over was conducted in Korea. A quota sampling method was used. RESULTS: Most respondents (70%) did not know that antibiotics are ineffective in treating coughs and colds. Two-thirds of the respondents were unaware of the conditions under which antibiotic resistance occurs, despite understanding the concept of resistance. Lower education level and older age were independently associated with inadequate knowledge. Lower education level, older age, inadequate knowledge and no exposure to the education campaign were independently associated with poor attitude. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that the general public has misunderstandings and a lack of knowledge with regard to antibiotic use, despite a national educational campaign. However, the campaign may have had an effect on the public's attitudes towards antibiotics.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*therapeutic use ; Bacterial Infections/*drug therapy ; Common Cold/drug therapy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Health Education ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the pharmacologic characteristics in synergism and complementation of 999 Ganmaoling (GML), a compound recipe composed of Chinese and Western materia medica (CMM & WMM), as well as its theoretical basis of matching of Chinese and Western materia medica.

METHODSThe torsion response induced by glacial acetic acid in mice, toe swelling induced by carrageenanin rats, delayed hypersensitive response in mice and fever induced by endotoxin in rats and rabbits were used to comparatively study the actions of CMM & WMM in GML. The effect of CMM in antagonizing liver damage caused by WD (acetaminophen) in mice was also studied. RT-PCR method was used to analyze the expression of related cytokines.

RESULTSGML showed a significant antipyretic and analgesic effect, it could inhibit the carrageenan induced inflammation, antagonize the endotoxin induced fever, and promote the amount for expression of cytokines in rats' splenic tissue with pneumococci infection to some extent. The CMM in GML showed certain protective effect on acetaminophen induced liver damage.

CONCLUSIONGML has a potent antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, CMM & WMM in GML showed markedly synergism and complementation, and CMM in it has liver protective effect.

Acetaminophen ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Caffeine ; pharmacology ; Chlorpheniramine ; pharmacology ; Common Cold ; drug therapy ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Synergism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley