The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of tetracycline-HCl on the change of implant surface microstructure according to application time. Implant with pure titanium machined surface, HA-coated surface and dual acid etched surface were utilized. Implant surface was rubbed with 50mg/ml tetracycline-HCL solution for 1/2min., 1min., 1 1/2min., 2min., and 2 1/2min. respectively in the test group. Then, specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic observation. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Both test and control group showed a few shallow grooves and ridges in pure titanium machined surface implants. There were not significant differences between two groups. 2. In HA-coated surfaces, round particles were deposited irregularly. The roughness of surfaces conditioned with tetracycline-HCL was lessened and the cracks were increased relative to the application time. 3. The etched surfaces showed the honey comb structures. The surface conditioning with tetracycline-HCl didn't influence on its micro-morphology. In conclusion, the detoxification with 50mg/ml tetracycline-HCl must be applied respectively with different time according to various implant surfaces.
Animals ; Comb and Wattles ; Honey ; Titanium

Trichonodosis(knotted hair) is a disorder of the hair shaft that can comprise a single or double knot. Reports of trichonodosis are not cornmon in dermatological literature, but it is generally considered not to be rare. Two varieties of trichonodosis have been described. A rare type occurs in association with abnormally growing scalp and body hair that tends to splinter and fracture. A more comrnon form occurs when normal hair is subjected to rnechanical forces, such as combing and brushing. Trichonodosis occurs exclusively in persons with curly or kinky hair. We report a patient with short, straight hair and trichonodosis. The most likely cause in our patient is trauma as a result of continual rubbing of hairs.
Animals ; Comb and Wattles ; Hair ; Humans ; Scalp

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of three kinds of different ceramic brackets with three different bonding adhesives. 5 specimens for each combination were tested for shear bond strength using Instron and for fracture site using SENL And 3 specimens were cross-sectioned for SEM examination of bonding pattern between bracket, resin and enamel surface. The results were as follows 1. The shear bond strength of chemical curing adhesives were higher than that of light curing adhesives. 2. The shear bond strength of Starfire bracket, chemical-bonded type, was lower than that of Transcend bracket, mechanical-bonded type, and Fascination bracket, combined type. 3. Fracture site of each bracket and tooth surface was examined under a light optical stereoscopic microscope, Transcend groups were mainly at the E/R intderface. Fascination groups were mainly at the COMB interface and Starfire groups were mainly at the R/B interface.
Adhesives* ; Animals ; Ceramics* ; Comb and Wattles ; Dental Enamel ; Tooth

Ganglia are ubiquitous but periosteal ganglion is rare. This case is presented showing an unusual radiological picture. The radiological picture with honey combed appearance is striking. Previaus reports have stressed the concavity in the cortex. Histologically the structure is identical to that of soft tissue ganglia.
Animals ; Comb and Wattles ; Ganglia ; Ganglion Cysts ; Honey ; Strikes, Employee

We have developed a real-time arrhythmia detection system using four vaviables;heart rate, QS width, morphology and axis. Because of difficulties in real-time operation on the frequency domain, time domain process are carried out. The sampling rate of the ECG signal is 240/sec by using 12 bit A/D converter and we design digital comb filter to avoid 60Hz AC interference and DC drift. The band width of the digital comb filter is 1.79 Hz and Q is 64. To design a QRS detection logic, an 8 to 20 Hz bandpass filter is design on the basis of the power spectrum of the QRS complexes derived from the simulators and patients'data. By feeding the filter output into an adaptive threshold comparator, no detection of false QRS or T waves are found, and an accurate heart rate detection is obtained.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Comb and Wattles ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Logic

In order to verify exact dose distributions in the state-of-the-art radiation techniques, a newly designed three-dimensional dosimeter and technique has been took strongly into consideration. The main purpose of our study is to verify the optimized parameters of polymer gel as a real volumetric dosimeter in terms of the various study of MRI. We prepared a gel dosimeter by combing 8% of gelatin, 8% of MAA, and 10 mM of THPC. We used a Co-60 gamma-ray teletherapy unit and delivered doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 Gy to each polymer gel with a solid phantom. We used a fast spin-echo pulse to acquire the characterized T2 time of MRI. The signal noise ratio (SNR) of the head & neck coil was a relatively lower sensitivity than the body coil; therefore the dose uncertainty of head & neck coil would be lower than body coil's. But the dose uncertainty and resolution of the head & neck coil were superior to the body coil in this study. The TR time between 1,500 ms and 2,000 ms showed no significant difference in the dose resolution, but TR of 1,500 ms showed less dose uncertainty. For the slice thickness of 2.5 mm, less dose uncertainty of TE times was at 4 Gy, as well, it was the lowest result over 4 Gy at TE of 12 ms. The dose uncertainty was not critical up to 6 Gy, but the best dose resolution was obtained at 20 ms up to 8 Gy. The dose resolution shows the lowest value was over 20 ms and was an excellent result in the number of excitation (NEX) of three. The NEX of two was the highest dose resolution. We concluded that the better result of slice thickness versus NEX was related to the NEX increment and thin slice thickness.
Animals ; Comb and Wattles ; Gelatin ; Head ; Neck ; Noise ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; Polymers ; Uncertainty

The name Golovinomyces cynoglossi s. lat. is traditionally applied to a complex of morphologically similar powdery mildews on hosts of the plant family Boraginaceae. The current species-level taxonomy within this complex is ambiguous due to the lack of phylogenetic examinations. The present study applied phylogenetic methods to clarify the taxonomy of G. cynoglossi s. lat. Phylogenetic analysis of rDNA ITS sequences retrieved from Asian, European and North American specimens revealed that G. cynoglossi s. lat. collections from different hosts involved several species in five clearly separated lineages. Clade I consists primarily of Golovinomyces cynoglossi s. str. on Cynoglossum. Clade III consists of Golovinomyces sequences retrieved from the host genera Symphytum and Pulmonaria. The taxa within clade III are now assigned to G. asperifoliorum comb. nov. Clade V encompasses G. cynoglossi s. lat. on the host genera Bothriospermum, Buglossoides, Echium, Myosotis, and Trigonotis. The taxa within clade V are now assigned to G. asperifolii comb. nov. The species concerned in this study were lecto- and epitypified to stabilize their nomenclature.
Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Boraginaceae ; Classification* ; Comb and Wattles ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Echium ; Humans ; Plants ; Pulmonaria

We describe the allograft technique and present its final results of revision total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) using a strut allograft in two cases that revealed prosthetic loosening and severe bone resorption after TEA. Two patients complained of pain and motion limitation, and had difficulty in hair combing and with hygiene. The preoperative Mayo elbow performance scores of both cases were 50 points and 45 points. They were followed up for 24 months and 18 months. There was no pain after surgery and the postoperative Mayo elbow performance scores were all 90 points. Radiographic bone unions were achieved 3 months after the operations and patients were satisfied with the results. The revision of TEA with a supporting allograft is a demanding procedure but can be tried when the elbow joint has badly destructed or has a large cavitary defect.
Allografts* ; Animals ; Arthroplasty* ; Bone Resorption ; Comb and Wattles ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow* ; Hair ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Tea

Malposition of the lower eyelid is probably the most important following lower eyelid incision for orbital or zygomatic fracture repair. Its severity may range from increased scleral show to gross ectropion. There are two major determinants of lower eyelid position after surgery: the integrity of the tarsus, canthal ligaments, and pretarsal orbicularis and cicatrical forces within the skin, orbital septum, and capsulopalpebral fascia. A total of two hundreds and six patients were investigated for functional and aesthetic impairments following treatment of orbital or zygomatic fracture through stepped subciliary skin muscle flap or nonstepped subciliary skin muscle flap and periosteal repair. As a result, the incidence of scleral show, ectropion was reduced with statistical significance after stepped subciliary skin muscle flap and periosteal repair of infraorbital rim than nonstepped subciliary skin muscle flap incision and no periosteal repair. The reason is that stepped subciliary skin muscle flap has following characteristics than nonstepped subciliary skin muscle flap: Enough of the muscle must be left to allow for its normal contraction capacity and permit an adequate support of the palpebral rim. In addition, the remaining muscular volume in the tarsal portion, near the lashes, will be sufficient to maintain the lid tonicity. Also, repair of periosteum provides firm fixation of soft tissue to infraorbital rim and prevent hematoma due to decreased dead space. By combing the stepped subciliary skin muscle flap with periosteal repair of infraorbital rim for orbital or zygomatic fracture repair, it is expeced that complications will be reduced such as scar contracture, scleral show and ectropion.
Animals ; Ankle ; Cicatrix ; Comb and Wattles ; Contracture ; Ectropion ; Eyelids ; Fascia ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ligaments ; Orbit* ; Periosteum ; Skin* ; Zygomatic Fractures*

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a common problem among carpet weavers. This study was undertaken to introduce affecting personal and occupational factors in developing the number of MSDs among carpet weavers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed among 862 weavers in seven towns with regard to workhouse location in urban or rural regions. Data were collected by using questionnaires that contain personal, workplace, and information tools and the modified Nordic MSDs questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by applying Poisson and negative binomial mixed models using a full Bayesian hierarchical approach. The deviance information criterion was used for comparison between models and model selection. RESULTS: The majority of weavers (72%) were female and carpet weaving was the main job of 85.2% of workers. The negative binomial mixed model with lowest deviance information criterion was selected as the best model. The criteria showed the convergence of chains. Based on 95% Bayesian credible interval, the main job and weaving type variables statistically affected the number of MSDs, but variables age, sex, weaving comb, work experience, and carpet weaving looms were not significant. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that occupational factors are associated with the number of MSDs developing among carpet weavers. Thus, using standard tools and decreasing hours of work per day can reduce frequency of MSDs among carpet weavers.
Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Comb and Wattles ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Floors and Floorcoverings* ; Humans ; Iran* ; Occupational Diseases ; Risk Factors*