PURPOSE: To investigate the correlations of keratometry and corneal high order aberrations (HOAs) between the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and the Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera. METHODS: From December 2012 to February 2013, keratometry and corneal HOAs were determined using the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera in 23 healthy individuals (46 eyes). RESULTS: Average keratometry showed high correlation with 95% confidence interval -0.155 +/- 0.37 between the Keratron Scout and Pentacam HR. When comparing HOAs of the Keratron Scout and total corneal HOAs of Pentacam HR, total root-mean-square (RMS), and spherical aberration were positively correlated between the 2 devices (r = 0.67, p < 0.001 and r = 0.74, p < 0.001, respectively). When comparing HOAs of Keratron Scout and anterior corneal HOAs of Pentacam HR, total RMS, spherical aberration and coma were positively correlated between the 2 devices (r = 0.62, p < 0.001, r = 0.81, p < 0.001, and r = 0.52, p = 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although the 2 devices are based upon different principles, the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera showed positive correlations in keratometry, total RMS, spherical aberration, and coma. Both devices may be useful for clinical applications.
Coma

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlations of keratometry and corneal high order aberrations (HOAs) between the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and the Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera. METHODS: From December 2012 to February 2013, keratometry and corneal HOAs were determined using the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera in 23 healthy individuals (46 eyes). RESULTS: Average keratometry showed high correlation with 95% confidence interval -0.155 +/- 0.37 between the Keratron Scout and Pentacam HR. When comparing HOAs of the Keratron Scout and total corneal HOAs of Pentacam HR, total root-mean-square (RMS), and spherical aberration were positively correlated between the 2 devices (r = 0.67, p < 0.001 and r = 0.74, p < 0.001, respectively). When comparing HOAs of Keratron Scout and anterior corneal HOAs of Pentacam HR, total RMS, spherical aberration and coma were positively correlated between the 2 devices (r = 0.62, p < 0.001, r = 0.81, p < 0.001, and r = 0.52, p = 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although the 2 devices are based upon different principles, the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera showed positive correlations in keratometry, total RMS, spherical aberration, and coma. Both devices may be useful for clinical applications.
Coma

Study on 22 nonketonic hyperosmolar coma patients (13 males and 9 females) at the B¹ch Mai hospital during the period from 6/98 to 5/99. Patients were followed a volume replacement protocol using a normal saline during 3 first hours and a half - strength saline solution after that until the plasma osmolatty restores a preset value ((320 mOsmol/kg). Results shown that 17 patients (77%) were treated successfully and discharged. 5 deaths (23%) were seen in study: 1 patient died within the first 12 hours, when he had been presenting an uncontrolled hyperosmolar condition; 4 others died from different causes (such as septic shock, cerebral infarction...). Conclusion: fluid challenge with normal saline and half - strength saline solutions in our study shown a high efficiency in management of nonketotic hyperosmolar coma of NIDDM and did not evoke any serious complications
Coma ; therapeutics

PURPOSE: To compare ocular aberrations measured with a laser ray tracing aberrometer (iTrace(R), Tracey technology) or a Shack-Hartmann aberrometer (Zywave(TM), Bausch & Lomb). METHODS: A total of 68 eyes were included in this study. After manifest refraction (MR) and pupil dilation, aberrations and phoroptor predicted refraction (PPR) were measured with the Zywave(TM) and iTrace(R) devices. The study group was subdivided into a more myopic group (<-4.33 Diopter (D)) and a less myopic group (>-4.33 D). The root mean square (RMS) errors of the total high order, spherical, coma and 3rd~5th order aberrations were compared. RESULTS: The mean and SE of MR was -4.33+/-2.03 diopter (D), and that of the PPR was -4.20+/-2.13 D in iTrace(R) and -4.42+/-2.23 D in Zywave(TM). A paired-t test of the PPR and MR indicated that they were not statistically different. Zernike coefficients were expressed in the opposite sign in the 2nd and 4th order. The coma and spherical aberrations were larger in Zywave(TM). In a scattergram of each Zernike coefficient, the coefficient of determination (R2) was very low with higher order aberrations, with an exception for coma and spherical aberrations. The correlation of RMS error was greater in the less myopic group. CONCLUSIONS: Taking PPR values as a good reference of MR was a reliable method. For the HOA, only coma and spherical aberrations showed good correlations between Zywave(TM) and iTrace(R), and the correlations for HOA were decreased for the high myopic eyes.
Coma ; Pupil

Myxedema coma is associated with decreased mental status and hyponatremia among patients with diagnosed or undiagnosed hypothyroidism. The diagnosis is challenging in the absence of universally accepted diagnostic criteria, but should be considered as a differential even in cases with competing established diagnoses. All patients should receive intensive care level treatment. Even with optimal treatment, mortality is very high.
Myxedema ; Coma

PURPOSE: To estimate the age and spherical equivalent related changes in the wavefront aberrations. METHODS: The age related difference in the wavefront aberrations were measured using a WASCA aberrometer on 63 eyes from 38 persons ranging in age from 18 to 60 years with a mean spherical equivalent of -0.55 diopter. The total RMS (root mean square), the high order RMS, coma and spherical aberration were analyzed and compared according to age(second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth decade). The spherical equivalent related difference in the wavefront aberrations were also measured on 118 eyes from 62 persons with a spherical equivalent ranging from +0.5 D to -10.5 D (average -4.87 D). The total RMS, high order RMS and spherical aberration were analyzed and compared according to the spherical equivalent. RESULTS: With increasing age, the total RMS showed no statistically significant increase (p>0.05), but a high order RMS and spherical aberration showed a significant increase (p<0.05) and there was increase in the incidence of coma but without statistical significance (p>0.05). With the increasing amount of spherical equivalent, the total RMS increased significantly (p<0.05), but the incidence of coma and the spherical aberration did not (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In emmetropia, the total RMS and high order aberration increased significantly with increasing age. With increasing amount of spherical equivalent, the total RMS increased significantly while coma and the spherical aberrations did not.
Coma ; Emmetropia ; Humans ; Incidence

PURPOSE: To compare ocular higher order aberrations measured by two different aberrometers in a sample of normal eyes. METHODS: We included 41 normal eyes of Koreans in this study. Ocular aberration data were obtained through three measurements per eye using Zywave and OPD-Scan devices. Spherical equivalent and higher order aberrations calculated in the central 6 mm zone and expressed as root mean square (RMS) values were analyzed. RESULTS: A comparison of measurements between the Zywave and OPD-Scan devices demonstrated no statistically significant differences in the RMS values of total higher order aberration (p=0.11), but significant differences were detected in the RMS values of total spherical aberration, total coma and total trefoil (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The two different aberrometers that we tested are suitable for taking repeated measurements and are internally consistent, but not interchangeable.
Coma ; Eye ; Lotus

Alpha coma is a coma state with predominant alpha activities in electroencephalography. There are two different patterns of alpha coma, depending upon the distribution of alpha activity. The causes may vary with the distribution pattern. To clarify the difference in alpha-activity distribution, we conducted current-source analysis of the alpha-frequency band in two patients with alpha-coma caused by drug intoxication and pontine infarction, respectively. The current-source analysis of alpha-frequency bands may make it easier to distinguish the distribution patterns.
Coma ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Infarction

In a series of 289 patients who underwent stereotactic evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hematoma(ICH) located in the supratentorial hemisphere from January 1990 through December 1994, the 30th day postoperative outcomes were analysed between small ICH group and large ICH group according to the initial Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) scores. There were no significant differences found in the postoperative outcome between both groups(p=0.26), except for the finding that the small ICH group showed a better GCS score of less than 8(p=0.04) than large ICH group. In conclusion, it is suggested from these findings that stereotactic evacuation should be more readily employed for large ICH group as well as for small ICH group.
Coma ; Hematoma* ; Humans

The insertion of nasogastric tubes in comatose, obtunded or anesthetized patients is often difficult, frustrating and time-consuming. A large variety of methods inserting nasogastric tubes in those uncooperative patients have been reported. As a new effective method, we used Savary-Gilliard Wire Guide(R), which is designed for introducing Savary-Gilliard Dilator(R) into a strictured esophagus, for inserting a nasogastric tube in a comatose patient who was intubated with a ballooned tracheostomy tube. The insertion was successful in the first attempt and no complication occurred.
Coma* ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Tracheostomy