PURPOSE: To provide a systematic review with meta-analysis for addressing the relationship between fecal bile acids (FBAs) and colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic databases were searched for all observational studies that examined the relationship between FBAs and colorectal cancer or adenoma, and calculated weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was assessed with funnel plot. RESULTS: Twenty case-control or cohort studies were identified. All studies were pooled to assess the relationship between total FBAs and cancer/adenoma of the large bowel, however, no association was seen (WMD 0.61mg/g freeze-dried feces; 95% CI: -0.35-1.57). Significantly increased concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was seen while pooling to assess the relationship between CDCA and cancer/adenoma of the large bowel (WMD 0.13 mg/g freeze-dried feces; 95% CI: 0.01-0.25), especially for colorectal cancer (WMD 0.28mg/g freeze-dried feces; 95% CI: 0.10-0.46). However, no significant differences in deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), and primary and secondary bile acids, were seen between patients with cancer and patients with matched controls regardless of fixed and random effects models. CONCLUSION: CDCA might play a role in the etiology of colorectal cancer.
Bile Acids and Salts/*metabolism ; Carcinoma/etiology/*metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Colorectal Neoplasms/etiology/*metabolism ; Feces/*chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Obesity worldwide is constantly increasing. Obesity acts as an independent significant risk factor for malignant tumors of various organs including colorectal cancer. Visceral adipose tissue is physiologically more important than subcutaneous adipose tissue. The relative risk of colorectal cancer of obese patients is about 1.5 times higher than the normal-weight individuals, and obesity is also associated with premalignant colorectal adenoma. The colorectal cancer incidence of obese patients has gender-specific and site-specific characteristics that it is higher in men than women and in the colon than rectum. Obesity acts as a risk factor of colorectal carcinogenesis by several mechanisms. Isulin, insulin-like growth factor, leptin, adiponectin, microbiome, and cytokines of chronic inflammation etc. have been understood as its potential mechanisms. In addition, obesity in patients with colorectal cancer negatively affects the disease progression and response of chemotherapy. Although the evidence is not clear yet, there are some reports that weight loss as well as life-modification such as dietary change and physical activity can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. It is very important knowledge in the point that obesity is a potentially modifiable risk factor that can alter the incidence and outcome of the colorectal cancer.
Adipokines/metabolism/physiology ; Body Mass Index ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*etiology/prevention & control ; Energy Intake ; Exercise ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Obesity/*complications ; Somatomedins/metabolism/physiology ; Weight Loss

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of HSP70 and P53 in malignant tumor tissues of patients with TCM Heat-Syndrome (HS) or with non-Heat-Syndrome (NHS).

METHODSS-P immunohistochemical method was used to detect the gene expression, and ELISA and RT-PCR were adopted to determine the content of HSP70 and P53 mRNA expression in different malignant tumor tissues.

RESULTS(1) Positive ratio of HSP70 and P53 in the colorectal cancer of HS was significantly higher than that in colorectal cancer of NHS respectively, and the total positive ratio of the two genes in all tumors of HS was higher than those of NHS (P<0.05); (2) HSP70 expression content in colorectal, nasopharyngeal and lung cancers of HS was higher than in those of NHS respectively, and the total HSP70 expression content in tumors of HS was higher than in those of NHS (P<0.01); (3) HSP70 mRNA expression content in colorectal and lung cancers of HS was higher than in those of NHS respectively, and the total HSP70 mRNA expression content in tumors of HS was higher than in those of NHS (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONHSP70 and P53 positive ratio and HSP70 expression content in patients of malignant tumor with HS was higher than in those with NHS.

Colorectal Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fever ; etiology ; metabolism ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the transcription level and protein expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF in SW480 cell line and colorectal adenocarcinoma, and to determine whether HIF-1alpha plays a role in angiogenesis through its regulation of VEGF.

METHODSHIF-1alpha mRNA expression was analyzed by in situ hybridization. HIF-1alpha and VEGF protein expressions were determined by immunochemical streptavidin/peroxidase (SP) in SW480 cells and colorectal carcinoma tissue samples and Western blot, using proteins extracted from SW480 cells. Tumor tissue microvessel density (MVD) was determined by CD34 immunostaining of colorectal carcinomas.

RESULTSThe levels of HIF-1alpha mRNA changed significantly in response to different oxygen concentrations and an addition of genistein in SW480 cells. Immunocytochemistry revealed that the levels of HIF-1alpha, VEGF protein expression in SW480 cells were significantly higher under hypoxia than those in nomoxia (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 respectively). However, addition of genistein, an inhibitor of HIF-1alpha, suppressed such responses to hypoxia. Western blot analysis showed that SW480 cells exposed to hypoxia expressed a high level of HIF-1alpha protein, compared to a weak expression in nomoxia. The addition of genistein in hypoxia suppressed the over-expression of HIF-1alpha. The positive rates of HIF-1alpha mRNA by in situ hybridization in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas were 38.9% (7/18) and 67.7% (42/62), respectively. The percentage of HIF-1alpha mRNA positive cells varied significantly from colorectal adenomas to adenocarcinomas at different Duke stages (P < 0.05), and HIF-1alpha mRNA was higher in adenocarcinomas than in adenomas (P < 0.01). The positive rates of HIF-1alpha and VEGF protein expression in adenocarcinomas were 43.5% (27/62) and 37.1% (23/62), respectively. The expression of VEGF elevated as the Duke tumor staging increased. The conformation rate of HIF-1alpha and VEGF was 74.2% (46/62). MVD was significantly higher in HIF-1alpha and/or VEGF positive tumors than those without (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 respectively). Among the four groups, i.e. HIF-1alpha+/VEGF+, HIF-1alpha+/VEGF-, HIF-1alpha+/VEGF- and HIF-1alpha-/VEGF-, the difference of MVD was highly significant (P < 0.01). HIF-1alpha expression was correlated significantly with VEGF expression and microvessel density.

CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest hypoxia induces the expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF in colorectal adenocarcinoma. HIF-1alpha may play an important role in angiogenesis and tumor progression by regulating the expression of VEGF in human colorectal carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Microcirculation ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; etiology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transcription Factors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Animals ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; blood ; etiology ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; blood ; complications ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins ; blood ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Metabolic Syndrome ; blood ; complications ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 ; blood ; Receptor, Insulin ; blood

In a patient receiving 5-fluorouracil and levamisole, neurologic deficits suggest the cerebral demyelinating syndrome as a differential diagnosis. The authors report a patient diagnosed as multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy for which thallium-201 ((201)Tl) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were employed as noninvasive diagnostic tools. (201)Tl SPECT study was negative and proton MRS showed an increase of choline and lactate and well preserved N-acetylaspartate. These findings support histopathologic findings of multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy revealing demyelination with relative axonal sparing in the patient.
Adjuvants, Immunologic/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Aspartic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Axons/pathology ; Biopsy ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/secondary ; Choline/metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fluorouracil/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Human ; Lactic Acid/metabolism ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/*diagnosis/etiology ; Levamisole/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Thallium Radioisotopes/*diagnostic use ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/*methods