OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of color pattern reversal visual evoked potential (CPR-VEP)of primary glaucoma using different temporal frequencies, and to search for the best temporal frequency parameters and color parameters. METHODS: Vision Monitor visual electrophysiograph (Métrovision, France) was used to record CPR-VEP at different temporal frequencies (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 Hz) and different color stimulations (black/white, red/green, blue/yellow) in 41 cases (70 eyes) with primary glaucoma (glaucoma group) and 13 normal subjects (26 eyes) (normal control group). P100 wave amplitudes were compared. RESULTS: (1) In the normal control group, P100 amplitudes declined while the temporal frequency of black/white stimulation was increasing, but they had peaks at 2 Hz and 8 Hz red/green stimulation and blue/yellow stimulation. (2) In the glaucoma group, CPR-VEP P100 declined while temporal frequency was increasing under 3 color stimulations, but had a peak at 8 Hz. At 2 Hz-16 Hz, P100 amplitudes were related with the mean defect of Humphrey visual field, especially with all 3 color stimulations at 8 Hz and with blue/yellow stimulation at 2 Hz and 16 Hz. (3) P100 amplitude was most different under the 3 color stimulations between the 2 groups at 8 Hz. CONCLUSION The changes of CPR-VEP P(100) amplitude can objectively reflect the glaucoma visual function damage. CPR-VEP P100 amplitude has certain value in studying glaucoma under different color stimulations (black/white, red/green, blue/yellow) at 8 Hz, and blue/yellow stimulation at 2 Hz and 16 Hz.
Adult ; Aged ; Color Perception ; physiology ; Color Perception Tests ; methods ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; physiology ; Female ; Glaucoma ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: To evaluate a customized, portable Farnsworth-Munsell 100 (FM 100) hue viewing booth for compliance with colour vision testing standards and to compare it with room illumination in subjects with normal colour vision (trichromats), subjects with acquired colour vision defects (secondary to diabetes mellitus), and subjects with congenital colour vision defects (dichromats). METHODS: Discrete wavelengths of the tube in the customized booth were measured using a spectrometer using the normal incident method and were compared with the spectral distribution of sunlight. Forty-eight subjects were recruited for the study and were divided into 3 groups: Group 1, Normal Trichromats (30 eyes); Group 2, Congenital Colour Vision Defects (16 eyes); and Group 3, Diabetes Mellitus (20 eyes). The FM 100 hue test performance was compared using two illumination conditions, booth illumination and room illumination. RESULTS: Total error scores of the classical method in Group 2 as mean+/-SD for room and booth illumination was 243.05+/-85.96 and 149.85+/-54.50 respectively (p=0.0001). Group 2 demonstrated lesser correlation (r=0.50, 0.55), lesser reliability (Cronbach's alpha, 0.625, 0.662) and greater variability (Bland & Altman value, 10.5) in total error scores for the classical method and the moment of inertia method between the two illumination conditions when compared to the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The customized booth demonstrated illumination meeting CIE standards. The total error scores were overestimated by the classical and moment of inertia methods in all groups for room illumination compared with booth illumination, however overestimation was more significant in the diabetes group.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Color Perception Tests/*instrumentation/*methods/standards ; Color Vision Defects/congenital/*diagnosis/etiology ; Diabetes Complications ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; *Lighting ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Our objective was to estimate the maximum color contrast sensitivity (MCCS) thresholds in individuals with chiasma opticum damage. METHODS: The pilot study tested 41 people with pituitary adenoma (PA) and 100 age- and gender-matched controls. Patients were divided into two groups according to PA size, PA ≤1 cm or PA >1 cm. A new MCCS test program was used for color discrimination. RESULTS: The mean total error score (TES) of MCCS was 1.8 in the PA ≤1 cm group (standard deviation [SD], 0.38), 3.5 in the PA >1 cm group (SD, 0.96), and 1.4 in the control group (SD, 0.31; p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between tumor size and MCCS result (r = 0.648, p < 0.01). In the group that had PA-producing hormones, the TES was 2.5 (SD, 1.09), compared to 4.2 value in the non-functioning PA group of patients that did not have clinically significant hormone excess (SD, 3.16; p < 0.01). In patients with normal visual acuity (VA) or visual field MCCS, the TES was 3.3 (SD, 1.8), while that in patients with VA <0.00 was 4.6 (SD, 2.9). CONCLUSIONS: Results of the MCCS test TES were 1.9 times better in patients with PA ≤1 cm compared to patients with PA >1 cm (p < 0.01). In PA patients with normal VA, the TES was 2.35 times worse than that of healthy persons (p < 0.01).
Adenoma/*complications/diagnosis ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Color Perception/physiology ; Color Perception Tests/*methods ; Contrast Sensitivity/*physiology ; *Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Optic Chiasm ; Pilot Projects ; Pituitary Neoplasms/*complications/diagnosis ; Time Factors ; Vision Disorders/*diagnosis/etiology/physiopathology ; Visual Fields ; Young Adult