No abstract available.
Colony-Stimulating Factors* ; Transplantation*

No abstract available.
Colony-Stimulating Factors* ; Macrophages*

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) plays a major role in the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of neutrophil cell line hematopoietic cells. G-CSF exert the function depending on its binding to colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R), a homo-dimer receptor located on the surface of effector cells. Some recent studies have demonstrated that CSF3R mutations play a significant role in many diseases. Some of the hematopoietic diseases, especially myeloid malignancies (e.g. chronic neutrophilic leukemia) are related to the presence of various CSF3R mutations, which leads to abnormal G-CSF signal pathways. Also, the downstream kinases can be the treatment targets for these diseases. This review summarizes CSF3R mutations, mechanisms of mutations, and their contributions to the myeloid malignancies, with an attempt to further reveal the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies, inform the diagnosis and clinical treatment of the myeloid malignancies, and provide clues for the research and development of new molecular target drugs.
Colony-Stimulating Factors ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Mutation ; Myeloid Cells ; Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on preimplantation development and implantation in mouse embryos. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight-cell stage mouse embryos were cultured for 96 hours with G-CSF or GM-CSF at concentrations of 10 pg/ml, 100 pg/ml, 1 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml. Embryos not treated with G-CSF or GM-CSF were served as control. The percentages of embryos which developed to expanded, hatched blastocyst stage and in vitro implantation at 96 hours were determined. Results were analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: The percentages of fully expanded blastocysts in all G-CSF and GM-CSF treatment groups were not significantly different from the control. The percentages of hatched blastocysts were significantly higher in 100 pg/ml and 10 ng/ml of G-CSF treatment group compared to the control (p<0.05, p<0.05, respectively). The percentages of hatched blastocysts were significantly lower in 1 ng/ml of GM-CSF treatment group compared to the control, 10 pg/ml, and 100 pg/ml of GM-CSF treatment group (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, respectively), and the percentages of hatched blastocysts were also significantly lower in 10 ng/ml of GM-CSF treatment group compared to the control and 100 pg/ml of GM-CSF treatment group (p<0.05, p<0.05, respectively). The percentages of implanted blastocysts in vitro were significantly higher following incubation with all concentrations of G-CSF compared to the control and, especially in 100 pg/ml and 10 ng/ml of G-CSF treatment groups compared to the control and other treatment groups. The percentages of implanted blastocysts in vitro were significantly higher in 10 pg/ml of GM-CSF treatment group than the control and 100 pg/ml of GM-CSF treatment groups (p<0.05, p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: G-CSF and GM-CSF might influence on embryonic development and implantation in mouse embryos.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Colony-Stimulating Factors* ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor* ; Granulocytes* ; Mice* ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: As an attempt to develop a strategy to improve the protective immune response to GM-CSF-secreting CT26 (GM-CSF/CT26) tumor vaccine, we have investigated whether the apoptogenic treatment of GM-CSF/CT26 prior to vaccination enhances the induction of anti-tumor immune response in mouse model. METHODS: A carcinogen- induced mouse colorectal tumor, CT26 was transfected with GM-CSF gene using a retroviral vector to generate GM-CSF-secreting CT26 (CT26/GM-CSF). The CT26/GM-CSF was treated with gamma-irradiation or mitomycin C to induce apoptosis and vaccinated into BALB/c mice. After 7 days, the mice were injected with a lethal dose of challenge live CT26 cells to examine the protective effect of tumor vaccination in vivo. RESULTS: Although both apoptotic and necrotic CT26/GM-CSF vaccines were able to enhance anti-tumor immune response, apoptotic CT26/GM-CSF induced by pretreatment with gamma-irradiation (50,000 rads) was the most potent in generating the anti-tumor immunity, and thus 100% of mice vaccinated with the apoptotic cells remained tumor free for more than 60 days after tumor challenge. CONCLUSION: Apoptogenic pretreatment of GM-CSF-secreting CT26 tumor vaccine by gamma-irradiation (50,000 rads) resulted in a significant enhancement in inducing the protective anti-tumor immunity. A rapid induction of apoptosis of CT26/GM-CSF tumor vaccine at the vaccine site might be critical for the enhancement in anti-tumor immune response to tumor vaccine.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Colony-Stimulating Factors* ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Mice ; Mitomycin ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Zidovudine

Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) occupies a central position in the regulation of hematopoietic responses. GM-CSF not only signals proliferations of granulocyte-macrophage but also drives these cells into differentiation and activates mature cells of the GM-CSF sensitive lineage. Myelosuppression that is induced by M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatinum) chemotherapy brings many problems in successful treatment such as sepsis, dose reduction, delaying the schedule. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor is introduced hopefully as a new solution for these problems. So we evaluated the efficacy and safety of GM-CSF in leukopenia induced by M-VAC chemotherapy in patients with urothelial cancer. GM-CSF was administered at 200ug subcutaneously in 10 M-VAC cycles of 6 patients on 5th and 6th day after M-VAC therapy. Sixteen cycles, by which only M-VAC chemotherapy was administered without GM-CSF. of the other 6 patients served as control group. Mean white blood cell count in peripheral blood at M-VAC 2nd day and 15th day was 5,630/mm3 and 4,240/mm3 in GM-CSF administered cycles, 6,58l/mm3and 3,613/mm3 in non GM-CSF administered cycles. There was no delayed cycle in administration of MTX and vinblastine at M-VAC 15th day in the cycles with GM-CSF. There was no significant side effects caused by GM- CSF. The result indicates that GM-CSF can be used safely and effectively against leukopenia after M-VAC chemotherapy of urothelial cancer.
Appointments and Schedules ; Colony-Stimulating Factors ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy* ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor* ; Granulocytes ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukopenia* ; Sepsis ; Vinblastine

BACKGROUND: Tattoos are acquired pigmented lesions of the skin, and the Q-switched alexandrite laser has been shown to be effective in removing blue-black as well as green, red and mauve colored tattoos. Following the laser therapy, macrophage phagocytes the altered pigment. Macrophage-colony stimulating factor(M-CSF) may influence the macrophage activities. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential adjunctive effect of M-CSF in tattoo removal with laser treatment. METHOD: A prospective study was taken, in 8 guinea pigs and 8 mice, to evaluate the clinical and histopathological clearing of tattoo pigment following the laser treatment of the tattoo at the M-CSF injection site. RESULTS: 1) Clinically, the tattoo resolved more rapidly with Alexandrite laser therapy in the M-CSF treated group. 2) Histopathologically, by using image analysis, there was no significant difference in the relative ratio of dermal tattoo pigment and tattoo containing cells, between laser treated(1.54% in guinea pig, 1.09% in mouse) and laser with M-CSF treated group(1.44% in guinea pig, 0.95% in mouse). CONCLUSION: Our study reveals the role of M-CSF as an adjuvant in tattoo removal using Alexandrite laser surgery. However, further prospective animal studies and human trials, are needed to evaluate the action mechanism of M-CSF at the intradermal injection.
Animals ; Colony-Stimulating Factors* ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Macrophages* ; Mice ; Phagocytes ; Prospective Studies ; Skin

Idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disorder characterized by surfactant component accumulation in the alveolar space. Idiopathic PAP has recently been recognized as a autoimmune disease of impaired alveolar macrophage function caused by autoantibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). While whole lung lavage has been the standard treatment, not every patient shows a complete response. Subcutaneous injection or inhalation of GM-CSF is another promising treatment option for PAP. A 45-year-old patient visited our hospital for dyspnea, he was diagnosed as PAP and underwent whole lung lavage. Eighteen months later, the patient had not achieved complete remission in despite of initial response. After then he was administered with GM-CSF (5 microgram/kg/day, subcutaneous injection) for fivetimes a week during 2 months. Nine months later, the abnormal shadows in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) decreased and the patient fully recovered in forced vital capacity. After 60 months, the HRCT scan showed complete remission of PAP.
Autoantibodies ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Colony-Stimulating Factors ; Dyspnea ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Lung ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis ; Vital Capacity

There is increasing evidence that airway epithelial cells, when exposed to various gas-derived air pollutants, play an important role in airway inflammation by releasing inflammatory cytokines. However, there is little information on air pollutant-induced cytokine expression at the tissue level and on the role of sulfur dioxide (SO2), one of the major ambient air pollutants, in cytokine production. We studied whether or not a low concentration of sulfur dioxide induces an increase in tissue expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). After exposing surgically obtained normal human nasal turbinates to 0.05 ppm SO2 for one hour, we conducted specific immunohistochemical staining to assess the tissue expression of each cytokine. We found that the percent expression of IL-8 and GM-CSF in the surface epithelium was significantly higher in each SO2-exposed tissue than in the matched control tissue. However, there was no significant difference in the number of submucosal IL-4-positive cells between exposed and control specimens. These results suggest that exposure to a low concentration of SO2 increases airway inflammation, apparently by inducing an increase in the expression of GM-CSF and IL-8.
Air Pollutants ; Colony-Stimulating Factors ; Cytokines ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-4* ; Interleukin-8* ; Mucous Membrane* ; Nasal Mucosa ; Sulfur Dioxide* ; Sulfur* ; Turbinates*

PURPOSE: Neutrophils are central to the defences against bacterial infection, and in neonates the number of neutrophils are decreased due to inhibited production and phagocytic function. This induces high mortality rates in infants suffering from neonatal sepsis. Exogenous GM-CSF can increase the number of neutrophils and improve the phagocytic function. To establish the most cost effective dose of exogenous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in infected neonates, we divided infected patients into two groups. The serum level of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, white blood cell count and absolute granulocyte count were compared. METHODS: This study included 22 infants with infection, admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Chungnam National University Hospital, between February 1998 and September 1999. Infected infants were divided into two treatment groups with exogenous GM-CSF 3 microgram/kg/day & 10 microgram/kg/day. The total WBC count, the absolute granulocyte count and the serum GM-CSF concentration of peripheral blood before use of GM-CSF, and those of 2nd, 5th and 7th day after use were compared. RESULTS: In 3 microgram/kg/day group, WBC count and the absolute granulocyte count and the serum GM-CSF concentration reached a peak after the 2nd injection of GM-CSF. In 10 microgram/kg/day group, the WBC count and the absolute granulocyte count increased gradually until 7th day. There was tendency for the total WBC counts, the absolute granulocyte count and the serum GM-CSF concentration of peripheral blood in 10 microgram/kg group to increase more than those of 3 microgram/kg group, after exogenous GM-CSF treatment. CONCLUSION: In neonates, we propose the exogenous GM-CSF treatment 10 microgram/kg/day as being more effective than 3 microgram/kg/day protocol, which is one of the safest and most effective methods to increase the total WBC count, the absolute granulocyte count and the serum GM-CSF concentration of peripheral blood.
Bacterial Infections ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Colony-Stimulating Factors ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor* ; Granulocytes ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes ; Mortality ; Neutrophils ; Sepsis