The paper summarizes the research progress on the medicinal resources of Mylabris and close origin species in recent years. Besides the 45 species in 7 genus within Meloidae insects which contain cantharidin, there are also more 9 species in 7 close origin genus containing cantharidin which include Zanna, Fulgora and Lycorma within Fulgoridae of Homoptera, Oxocopis, Heliocis Xanthochroa and Oedemera within Oedemeridae of Coleoptera. New medicinal resources of cantharidin are redundant, there are biological relationships in the biosynthesis of cantharidin, the emerge of cantharidin is related to ecology and there is more attention on the new methods of utilizing Mylabris resources such as living body extraction.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Breeding ; Cantharidin ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Coleoptera ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVE: To explore mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) extraction effects of different parts from sarcosaphagous insects using improved cetyltriethylammnonium bromide (CTAB) method. METHODS: Thirteen Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and 13 Nicrophorus fossor (Erichson) were collected from the corpses of rabbits placed on the outdoor lawn in Huhehot district. Four parts (head, chest muscle, legs and wings) of insect were collected, and the mtDNA of all samples were extracted using CTAB method. The purity and concentration were tested using protein and nucleic acid spectrophotometry. The integrity of the extracted mtDNA and PCR products were checked by agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR products were sequenced and the obtained sequences were imputed into GenBank for comparison. RESULTS: mtDNA were successfully extracted from 10 head samples, 6 legs samples, 4 wing samples and 13 chest muscle samples of the Lucilia sericata (Meigen). Also, mtDNA were successfully extracted from 5 head samples, 8 legs samples, 3 wing samples and 13 chest muscle samples of the Nicrophorus fossor (Erichson). CONCLUSION mtDNA can be obtained from chest muscle and other parts of sarcosaphagous insects using the improved CTAB method.
Animals ; Coleoptera/genetics* ; DNA, Mitochondrial/isolation & purification* ; Diptera/genetics* ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics* ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Entomology ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Rabbits ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVE: To compare effects of three different methods for mtDNA extraction from common sarcosaphagous insects including cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method, sodium dodecyl sulfate-potassium acetate (SDS-KAc) method and sodium dodecyl sulfate-proteinase K (SDS-PK) method. METHODS: Seventy-two insects from four species [Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1784), Eusilpha bicolor (Fairmaire, 1896), Paraeutrichopus pecoudi (Mateu, 1954), Vespa velutina (Lepeletier, 1836)] were collected from the corpses of the rabbits in Changsha district. The total DNA of above samples was extracted by CTAB, SDS-Kac and SDS-PK methods. The purity and concentration of DNA were examined by protein-nucleic acid spectrophotometry, and mtDNA were amplified by specific primers and PCR products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Then PCR products were sequenced and subsequently up-loaded to GenBank. RESULTS: mtDNA was successfully extracted with three methods from most of the samples. The SDS-PK method was better in DNA purity compared to other methods and the CTAB method was superior in extracting DNA from old samples, while SDS-KAc method showed no significant difference for extraction effects of different samples. CONCLUSION The most appropriate method should be chosen depending on different situations. SDS-PK method is expected to obtain high-quality DNA, while CTAB method is preferred in extracting obsolete samples. SDS-KAc method is low cost and can be used in various kinds of preliminary experiments.
Animals ; Coleoptera/genetics* ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Mitochondrial/isolation & purification* ; Diptera/genetics* ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Entomology ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Gene Amplification ; Insecta/genetics* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/chemistry* ; Rabbits ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/chemistry*

A quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model in terms of amino acid composition and the activity of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins was established. Support vector machine (SVM) is a novel general machine-learning tool based on the structural risk minimization principle that exhibits good generalization when fault samples are few; it is especially suitable for classification, forecasting, and estimation in cases where small amounts of samples are involved such as fault diagnosis; however, some parameters of SVM are selected based on the experience of the operator, which has led to decreased efficiency of SVM in practical application. The uniform design (UD) method was applied to optimize the running parameters of SVM. It was found that the average accuracy rate approached 73% when the penalty factor was 0.01, the epsilon 0.2, the gamma 0.05, and the range 0.5. The results indicated that UD might be used an effective method to optimize the parameters of SVM and SVM and could be used as an alternative powerful modeling tool for QSPR studies of the activity of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal crystal proteins. Therefore, a novel method for predicting the insecticidal activity of Bt insecticidal crystal proteins was proposed by the authors of this study.
Algorithms ; Amino Acids ; genetics ; Animals ; Artificial Intelligence ; Bacterial Proteins ; classification ; genetics ; toxicity ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Coleoptera ; growth & development ; Diptera ; growth & development ; Endotoxins ; classification ; genetics ; toxicity ; Hemolysin Proteins ; classification ; genetics ; toxicity ; Insect Control ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Insecticides ; toxicity ; Lepidoptera ; growth & development ; Models, Biological ; Reproducibility of Results ; Toxicity Tests ; methods ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathogenesis of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head and the control mechanisms of Ground Beetle.

METHODSThe bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in vitro. The BMSCs in the 3rd generation were randomly divided into blank group, model group and Chinese medicine low, medium and high dose group. BMSCs of model group using high-dose steroid-induced in vitro were adipogenic differentiation to inhibit osteogenesis. Chinese medicine low, medium and high-dose groups at the same time were given the Ground Beetle intervention serum containing insects. The expression of osteocalcin, Alkaline phosphatase and Type I Collagen mRNA were detected and interfered 6 days later.

RESULTSSerum containing Ground Beetle could reverse content of steroid-induced alkaline phosphatase of BMSCs, the expression of ostercalcin and Type I Collagen mRNA decreased.

CONCLUSIONThe control mechanism of Ground Beetle on steroid-induced avascular necrosis is not only to improve the microcirculation, but also to inhibit steroid-induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs reduced.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; analysis ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Coleoptera ; Collagen Type I ; genetics ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Femur Head Necrosis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Osteocalcin ; analysis ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley