Objective: To determine the efficacy of Guava 5% cream compared to Clotrimazole 1% cream in the treatment of Tinea corporis of patients seen at Family Medicine Department of Quezon City General Hospital Design: Randomized therapeutic clinical trial Setting: Department of Family and Community Medicine Out Patient Department of Quezon City General Hospital Study Subjects: Patients, male or female, 19 years old and above who consulted at Family and Community Medicine Department of Quezon City General Hospital Method: The study was done from August- September 2019. Fifty subjects were randomly assigned to either Group A (25) or Group B (25) using systematic sampling method. Patients in Group A were instructed to apply on affected area Clotrimazole 1% Cream twice a day for 2 weeks, while patients on Group B applied Guava 5% cream twice a day for 2 weeks. Patients were instructed follow up on Week 1 for improvement, Week 2 for evaluating outcome of treatment and Week 4 to check for recurrences Results: Total severity scores of both Groups A and B at Week 1, Week 2 and Week 4 were similar with p-values of 0.014, 0.480 and 0.386 respectively. Both groups were comparable as to the treatment outcome for Tinea corporis. Guava 5% cream is shown to be cost-effective considering the equally-effective treatment outcome and the lower average treatment cost Conclusion This study has shown that Guava 5% cream is equally effective as, and cheaper than Clotrimazole 1% cream, thus considered to be a cost-effective treatment for Tinea corporis.
Tinea ; Psidium ; Clotrimazole

Background: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is one of the frequent infections of the female genital tract and is the second most common cause of vaginal infections after bacterial vaginosis. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, azoles are the first‑line treatment for VVC. Among the azoles available in the Philippines, only miconazole and clotrimazole are recommended for both pregnant and non‑pregnant women. Objective: Compare the effect of miconazole versus clotrimazole in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis among patients seen at the out‑patient department in a tertiary hospital Materials and Methods: This involved review of the records of patients diagnosed with VVC in a tertiary medical center from 2016 to 2020. All records of women, pregnant and non‑pregnant, wherein single‑dose 1200 mg miconazole or 6‑day 100 mg clotrimazole given vaginally were included Results: Eleven out of the 316 records (3.46%) remained symptomatic after treatment, about 18.1% (2/161) from those who used miconazole and 81.8% (9/155) from those treated with clotrimazole (p 0.027). In terms of failure rate, for miconazole it was 1.2% (2/161), whereas for clotrimazole it was 5.8% (9/155). None of the charts were found to have recorded adverse reaction to the given treatment Conclusion Single‑dose miconazole intravaginal regimen has a higher clinical cure rate than the 6‑day clotrimazole intravaginal treatment. Thereby, single‑dose intravaginal miconazole has the potential to improve patient compliance and treatment outcome at a lower cost
Clotrimazole ; Miconazole ; Vaginitis ; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal

The present study was designed to obtain omparative data on in vitro antifungal activities of imidazole derivatives. Minimum inhibitory oncentrations of clotrimazole, miconazole, econazole, ketoconazlole and griseofulvin on 4 strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 3 strains of Trichophyton rubrum, 2 strains of Microsporum canis and ] strain of Sporothriv: schenckii were etermined after 3 week' incubation at room temperature on Sabouraud's dextrose liquid media. In addition, the fungicidal activities of miconazole and econazole were tested against Z'richophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis, using the techniques described by Vanbreuseghern(1967) The results are summarzed as follows: ] In most of the dermatophytes studied, 1 to 10 pg/ml of M1C were detected. Diverse susceptibility pattern was observed among different fungal species, but no or minor variability was noted within the same species. The susceptibility of Z'ri- chophyton rubrum showed at MIC of 0. 01 to 10 pg/ml, T ichophyton mentagro- phyt.es and Mic osporum canis at 0.1 to 10 pg/ml and 0. 1 to 1000 gg/ml respec- tively. The Trichophyton rubrum was the most sensitive. In the susceptibility test of Sporothrix schenckii, the high resistance to clotrimazole and griseofuhin was observed. The fungistatic activities of miconazole, econazole and ketoconazole were observed only at concentrations higher than JpQ pg/ml.
Arthrodermataceae ; Clotrimazole ; Econazole ; Glucose ; Griseofulvin ; Ketoconazole ; Miconazole ; Microsporum ; Sporothrix ; Trichophyton

The important prerequisite for treatrnent of onychomycosis is the removal of as rnuch fungus-infected nail material as possible. Nincty-five patients with anychomycosis were treated with using urea preparations under occlusive dressings. The urea preparations were quite successful in maceraing the nail plate from the nail bed, allowing the easy removaI of diseased nails in all cases except one. The urea preparations removed only abnormal nail. Completely normal nail was unaffected. After nail avulsion, 95 patients were treated for 6 months with combination clotrimazole and ketoconazcile(group A), or with clotrimazole only(group B). Of the 38 patients in group A who complcted the treatment, 25(65.8%) were cured 6 months later by clinical and mycological criteria, compared to 20(47.6%) of 42 patieries in group B.
Clotrimazole ; Humans ; Ketoconazole ; Nails, Malformed ; Occlusive Dressings ; Onychomycosis* ; Urea

An HPLC method was proposed to determine simultaneously metronidazole and clotrimazole in tablets with the chromatographic conditions as follow: Column: Lichrosorb RP 8 (250x4mm; 5Mm). UV detector at 215 nm. Mobile phase: Methanol: dipotasium hydrogen phosphate 0.025M (2:1). Flow rate: 1ml/min. The experimental results proved that the proposed HPLC method had a high accuracy 0.49 - 1.53%, maybe applied regularly in experimental centers
Vaginal Diseases ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Metronidazole ; Clotrimazole

Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus represent a new class of topical non-steroidal medication currently used in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory skin lesions. We report a case of a patient in whom topical pimecrolimus therapy resulted in tinea incognito. Mycologic examination, including a KOH smear and fungal culture, was positive for hyphae and colonies of trichophyton mentagrophytes. The lesion was treated with oral griseofulvin and topical clotrimazole.
Clotrimazole ; Griseofulvin ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Skin ; Tacrolimus ; Tinea* ; Trichophyton

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) 10% cream versus Clotrimazole 1% cream in the treatment of superficial fungal skin infection.

DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial

SETTING: Quezon City General Hospital, Out-patient Department

STUDY SUBJECTS: Patients aged 17 years old and above seen at the Department of Family and Community Medicine (DFCM) Out Patient Department (OPD) Quezon City General Hospital and Medical Center.

METHOD: The study was conducted from from May-September 2013. Of 50 subjects, 49 were included in the study and assigned to either Group A (25) or Group B (24) using systematic sampling method. Patients in Group A were instructed to apply on affected areas Clotrimazole 1% cream twice a day for 2 weeks, whereas Group B applied lemon grass 10% cream twice a day for 2 weeks.

RESULTS: Forty-nine subjects completed the study. In both groups, most respondents belonged to the 15-25 age group, were males, married, unemployed and reached college level. Both groups were comparable with P values > 0.05. The mean change in the grading scale of the lesion from the baseline - 2 weeks of treatment was statistically significant for both groups (P-value 0.001 for both), hence both treatments showed improvement in the fungal lesion. The difference in the baseline grading scale for both groups was not statistically significant with P-value of 0.110, hence comparable. However, comparison of the mean difference in the grading scale of the lesion after 2 weeks of treatment was statistically significant with P-value of 0.001, meaning that Group A showed faster resolution of lesions compared to Group B. No adverse reaction was observed in Group B.

CONCLUSION: Topical application of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) 10% cream improved superficial fungal skin infection but was found to be inferior to Clotrimazole 1% cream as to the lesion resolution at 2 weeks.

The concentration of clotrimazole in the cornea considering the lapse of time after topical administration of 1% clotrimazole, in a single drop or 13 drops at an interval of 5 minutes, was evaluated by agar diffusion bioassay, The rabbits were divided into 3 groups: normal cornea, deepithelized cornea and Aspergillus keratitis, In the case of a single dose, the drug concentration in the normal cornea was lower than the value which can be measured, and the concentration in deeptithelized cornea was significantly higher than in keratitis(p<0.05). In the case of multiple doses, the drug concentration in keratitis was higher than in the deepitheHzed cornea and both of these were higher than in the norma cornea. EspeciaUy the group of keratitis had a significantly higher level(p<0.05) and an abrupt decrease of the drug concentration than the group of deepithelized cornea. This result means that the cornea during inflammation has increased permeability and great metabolic activity. In general the drug concentration in all groups except a single dose in the normal cornea was higher than minimal inhibitory concentration of clotrimazole against A. fumigatus, and this result suggests that the topical administration of 196 dotrimazole is likely to be efficacious in the treatment of Aspergillus keratitis.
Administration, Topical* ; Agar ; Aspergillus ; Biological Assay ; Clotrimazole* ; Cornea* ; Diffusion ; Inflammation ; Keratitis ; Permeability ; Rabbits*

BACKGROUND: There have been several reports which assessed the activity of antifungals including azoles on Malassezia furfur by agar dilution method. However, they did not differentiate M. furfur into groups. In addition, the media for growth and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination, incubation temperature and length of incubation differed from each other. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test the antifungal activities of miconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole and itraconazole by determining MICs for M. furfur serovars A, B and C for these drugs. METHODS: MICs were determined by the agar dilution method. Leeming & Notman's Malassezia furfur agar medium was used. RESULTS: In all strains of serovars A, B and C, the MICs for miconazole were similar to those for clotrimazole ; MICs for ketoconazole were also similar to those for itraconazole ; MICs for miconazole or clotrimazole were higher than those for ketoconazole or itraconazole. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that ketoconazole or itraconazole could be used more effectively than miconazole or clotrimazole for the treatment of the diseases caused by M. furfur.
Agar ; Azoles ; Clotrimazole ; Danazol* ; Itraconazole ; Ketoconazole ; Malassezia* ; Methods ; Miconazole ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests* ; Serogroup

This study was performed for the standardization and proper selection of effective antifungal agents by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentra-tions[MICs]of antifungals to fungi, separated from keratitis patients.Two strains of A.fumigatus and single strain of F.solani, A.falciforme, and A . alternata were used for this test.Standard powders of miconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and amphotericin B were used as antifungal agents. Microscopic and macroscopic measurements of MIC after 24, 48 and 72 hours of inoculation[105 conidia /ml]into YNB broth with culture temperature of 25 degrees C were performed by use of broth microdilution method.The results are as follows : itraconazole, amphotericin B, and clotrimazole were effective against A.fumigatus.F.solani showed resistance to all kinds of antifungal agents.A.falciforme and A.alternata were sensitive to amphotericin B and itraconazole, respectively. Further studies may be needed for the standardized measurement of MIC against filamentous fungi and also for in Vitro-in Vivo correlations for the treatment of fungal keratitis.
Amphotericin B ; Antifungal Agents* ; Clotrimazole ; Fungi ; Itraconazole ; Keratitis* ; Ketoconazole ; Miconazole ; Powders ; Spores, Fungal