A survey was conducted on 3 subjects groups (wearing 100% plain silk, 100% satin silk, and 100% polyester shirt). All participants walked ten minutes on treadmill in hot (32-34oC) and humidity (72-75%) environment. The aim of the survey was to compare the fabric advantages for users working in hot and humid ambient environment. Obtained results showed there were no significant differences neither in skin temperature nor heart rate of subjects wearing shirt made of pure silk or pure polyester fibbers. However the subjective irritating sensations were dominant in subjects wearing 100% polyester shirt, while less ratio of that was observed for subjects wearing 100% silk shirt. The average amount of sweat remained in the 100% polyester shirt was higher than that in the silk one.
Clothing ; Environment

Humans ; Protective Clothing

The traditional medical instrumentation is now not suited for the transformation of the present healthcare model. It's an attempt to make a breakthrough on traditions to develop wearable sensors/systems. Five articles about wearable technology are selected by this special topic. And our aim is to inspire the designers of medical devices to grasp the chance and to take a vigorous action on innovatory developments, so as to satisfy the huge requirements of the healthcare market, and to open a new era of the medical device industry.
Clothing ; Equipment Design ; Equipment and Supplies

No abstract available.
Clothing* ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Nickel*

Three combinations of cloths were evaluated for the protective effects of different kinds of clothings in cold environments. Table 1 shows tile components of tile three models of clothings. A prototype was made by putting a sheet of vinyl at the middle layer of raw cotton in a fabric-quilt cloths. A glove mannequin was covered by each of these cloths. The globes contained 1,000 cc of hot water about 40 degrees C. Tele-thermisters were fixed in order to check the temperature of cloths space and water temperature for evaluation of caloric-loss and climate of clothings. Results are summarized as follows : 1) Without wind, there is no significant difference of air temperatures between ski-parka and quilt wear clothing. 2) The prototype with vinyl sheet best protects against wind, the next is the ski-parka. Quilt-wear protects the least. 3) It is well-known that a working-clothing needs not have any separate liners nor outers. 4) For innermost layer of a clothing preventing cold, a cotton-fabrics is recommended and a water-proof cloths for outer layer. 5) Heat-loss was calculated from the cooling degrees of water. Calorie-loss was 910ca1/m2/hr. when bared, but with the prototype of vinyl sheets the calorie-loss was 350cal/m2/hr. (38.5% of bared). Quilt-wear and ski-parka were 380(41.8%) and 440 cal/m2/hr. (48.4%) respectively.
Climate ; Clothing* ; Manikins ; Water ; Wind*

Anthralin is highly efficacious in the treatment of psoriasia, but it has two major drawbacks: staining of the skin and clothing and irritation of the skin. There have been several studies that the effect of the anthralin with short contact therapy(SCT) is nearly the same as that with the simple application(SA). This study was planned to compare the effect and side effects of SCT with those of SA of anthralin in 27 psoriatic patients visited between November 1982 and June 1983 at the Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital. The results could be summerized as follows: 1. For 4 weeks of treatment, the longer the duration of treatment, the more similar the effect between the SCT and the SA. 2. After 2 weeks of treatment, the effect of the SA was better than that of the SCT in 5 cases, the same in 18 cases and worse in 1 case. 3. For 4 weeks of treatment, all side effects(irritation, ataining and pruritus) were more frequent in the SA than in the SCT. And irritation was observed earlier than staining. 4. After 2 weeks of treatment, the side effects of the SA were more than those of the SCT in 12 cases and the same in 12 cases. With all our results, we have concluded that the patients who cannot tolerate the SA could be tried with the SCT.
Anthralin* ; Clothing ; Dermatology ; Humans ; Psoriasis* ; Seoul ; Skin

Waterproofing spray is used to ensure that clothing, including mountain wear, leather, and other surfaces are waterproof. Respiratory illnesses related to the use of waterproofing spray have been reported globally. The composition of waterproofing spray varies depending on the manufacturer. We treated a patient with chemical pneumonitis and alveolar hemorrhage due to exposure to waterproofing spray containing perfluoroalkyl acrylate copolymer. We diagnosed the patient with chemical pneumonitis and alveolar hemorrhage based on computed tomography (CT) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) test performed within 24 h after symptom occurrence. We believe that further study regarding the exact mechanism of pulmonary toxicity for waterproofing agents is required.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Clothing ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Pneumonia*

Formaldehyde is contained in various everyday products such as shampoos, detergents, leathers and papers, and is thought to be one of the important couses of clothing related contact dermatitis(ACD). The results about the minimum sensitizing concentrations of formaldehyde were different, and the concentration of 30 pg per gram of textiles was the least one. We measured the quantity of formaldehyde in 16 different types of textiles which are widely used in Korea to investigate whether the textiles contain an enough amount of formaldehyde to induce ACD and washing can reduce the amount of it. The results were as follows : 1. The quantity of formaldehyde ranged from 3 to 1246 pg per gram of textiles. 2. Three types textiles contained more than 100pg of formaldehyde per gram of textiles and 6 between 50 pg and 100pg. 3. 1.00% cotton, ramie and rayon contained the highest content of formaldehyde per gram fabric. 4. After washing, the average quantity of formaldehyde decreased to 60% of that, of pre-wash measure.
Boehmeria ; Clothing ; Detergents ; Formaldehyde* ; Korea ; Textiles*

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to optimize the thread depth and pitch of a recently designed dental implant to provide uniform stress distribution by means of a response surface optimization method available in finite element (FE) software. The sensitivity of simulation to different mechanical parameters was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A three-dimensional model of a tapered dental implant with micro-threads in the upper area and V-shaped threads in the rest of the body was modeled and analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA). An axial load of 100 N was applied to the top of the implants. The model was optimized for thread depth and pitch to determine the optimal stress distribution. In this analysis, micro-threads had 0.25 to 0.3 mm depth and 0.27 to 0.33 mm pitch, and V-shaped threads had 0.405 to 0.495 mm depth and 0.66 to 0.8 mm pitch. RESULTS: The optimized depth and pitch were 0.307 and 0.286 mm for micro-threads and 0.405 and 0.808 mm for V-shaped threads, respectively. In this design, the most effective parameters on stress distribution were the depth and pitch of the micro-threads based on sensitivity analysis results. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, the optimal implant design has micro-threads with 0.307 and 0.286 mm depth and pitch, respectively, in the upper area and V-shaped threads with 0.405 and 0.808 mm depth and pitch in the rest of the body. These results indicate that micro-thread parameters have a greater effect on stress and strain values.
Clothing ; Dental Implants* ; Finite Element Analysis* ; Methods

Authors performed film mammography in 2167 patients with breast complaints who had visited to Yong DongSeverance hospital, Yonsei University from October 1, 1983 to September 30, 1985. Authors analysed 62 cases offilm mammographic findings and 35 cases of ultra mammographic findings among confirmed 62 fibroadenomas and alsoauthors analysed histopathologic cell type and ultra mammographic findings of confirmed fibroadenomas. The resultsfollowed: 1. The most prevalent age group was 3rd and 4th decade(74%). 2. The common dense breast pattern by Wolfeclassification were P2 and DY patterns(80%) in film mammograhy. 3. The most common size of fibroadenomas was1.1-3.0cm (71%) in long diameter. 4. Film mammographic findings of fibroadenoma generally showed single mass in 54lesions(87%), well defined margin of mass in 45 lesions (58%) and halo sign in 62 lesions(80%). Well definedmargin of mass is prominant in ductal cell dominant fibroadenoma(71%) , however lobulation of margin is commonlyseen instromal component dominant fibroadenoma(15%) and spiculated margins of mass can be seen in mixedfibroadenoma(6%) and stromal component dominant fibroadenoma(3%). Halo sing of fibroadenoma was commonly seen inductal cell dominant fibroadenoma(86%) and stomal component dominant fibroadenoma(85%). 5. Ultra mammographicfindings of fibroadenoma showed oval shaped mass in 26 lesions(15%) with smooth margin of mass in 43 lesions(84%)and showed mostly intermediate internal echo in 48 lesions(94%). Relationship between histopathologic cell typeand ultra mammographic findings were. Round shaped mass(67%), lateral shadowing (74%) was common in mixed type offibroadenoma, lobulated margin of mass(45%), intermediate(94%) with unifrorm(78%) internal echo was common instromal dominant type of fibroadenoma and smooth contour (100%), uniform internal echo fo mass(83%) was common inductal cell dominant type of fibroadenoma. Most ultra mammographic L/T Iratio of fibroadenoma was 0.5-1.0 in 37lesions(73%) 6. The diagnostic accuracy of film mammogahy in fibroadenoma was 92%, however combined imagingmodalities raised the diagnostic accuracy into 95%.
Breast ; Clothing ; Fibroadenoma ; Humans ; Mammography ; Shadowing (Histology)