1.Review of clinical and laboratory features of patients to determinethe significance of increased isolation of clostridium difficile.
Chung Hyun NAM ; Yunsop CHONG ; Oh Hun KWON ; Samuel Y LEE
Korean Journal of Clinical Pathology 1991;11(2):445-452
No abstract available.
Clostridium difficile*
;
Clostridium*
;
Humans
2.New Treatment Option for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection.
Intestinal Research 2013;11(2):149-150
No abstract available.
Clostridium
;
Clostridium difficile
3.Molecular Mechanism of the Action of Clostridium botulinum Type B Neurotoxin.
Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology 2000;35(5):344-345
No Abstract Available.
Clostridium botulinum type B*
;
Clostridium botulinum*
;
Clostridium*
4.Molecular Mechanism of the Action of Clostridium botulinum Type B Neurotoxin.
Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology 2000;35(5):344-345
No Abstract Available.
Clostridium botulinum type B*
;
Clostridium botulinum*
;
Clostridium*
5.Clinical significance of clostridium difficile isolated from stoolsof inpatients.
Korean Journal of Clinical Pathology 1991;11(1):117-124
No abstract available.
Clostridium difficile*
;
Clostridium*
;
Humans
;
Inpatients*
7.Clinical profile and management of tetanus: A 5-year retrospective case series in a referral tertiary hospital in Metro Manila.
Jesi Ellen Bautista ; Gail Melissa I. Ramiro ; Artemio A. Roxas Jr.
Philippine Journal of Neurology 2020;23(1):15-24
OBJECTIVE:
To describe the profile, management, and outcome of adult patients admitted for tetanus.
METHODOLOGY:
A search of the hospital and department database was conducted for patients with admitting or final
diagnosis of tetanus. Patients below 19 years old, with alternative diagnosis, incomplete or unavailable
records, transferred to another institution, and went home against medical advice were excluded. Data on
patient demographics, source of infection, symptom severity, and management were obtained. Data was
described using proportions and averages.
RESULTS:
Thirty-two patients were included in the study. Twenty-seven were male with a mean age of 45.63 ± 13.39.
All cases had no history of tetanus vaccination. The most common focus of infection was acute injuries.
More than half of patients would be diagnosed within 72 hours of symptom onset. The most common
symptoms on presentation were trismus, rigidity, dysphagia, and spasms. On admission, Cole severity for
11 (34.4%) cases was mild, 17 (53.1%) moderate, and 4 (12.5%) severe. Prophylactic tracheostomy was
performed in 31 patients and 19 (59.4%) were placed on assisted ventilation. All cases were treated with
metronidazole. A benzodiazepine was started in all cases for spasm control. Baclofen, magnesium sulfate,
and antiepileptic drugs such as carbamazepine were also used. Twenty (62.5%) patients suffered from
complications, the most common of which was nosocomial pneumonia, which resulted in longer ICU and
hospital stays. Eleven patients exhibited progression in Cole severity: 8.6% at stage 1, 57.1% at stage 2, and
34.3% cases were at stage 3. Mortality rate was 19% with the proportion increasing with Cole severity.
CONCLUSION
We describe the presentation and course of patients admitted for tetanus in our institution. Most cases
were males and all cases had no vaccination history. Trismus was the most common presenting symptom.
Metronidazole was the antibiotic of choice and benzodiazepines were the mainstay for spasm control.
Majority of cases were mild to moderate in severity on presentation. Advanced disease stages were
associated with higher fatality rates. Complications were associated with longer ICU and hospital stay.
These findings suggest that prevention of progression of disease severity and complications must be the
focus of tetanus protocols to shorten hospital stay and decrease mortality rate. Promoting vaccination of
at-risk adults is recommended to lower the incidence of tetanus.
Tetanus
;
Clostridium tetani
;
Clostridium Infections
9.Evaluation of a ChromID C. difficile Agar for the Isolation of Clostridium difficile.
Ji Sook YIM ; Seock Mi HWANG ; Myungsook KIM ; Hee Joung LIM ; Saeam SHIN ; Hae Sun CHUNG ; Heejung KIM ; Kyungwon LEE
Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2012;15(3):88-91
BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile is the main etiologic agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and the most common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. Recently, the incidence of C. difficile infections (CDI) has increased and new highly virulent C. difficile strains have emerged. Therefore, accurate and rapid diagnosis is needed. We compared the results of using chromID C. difficile (chromID CD, bioMerieux, France) with the conventional C. difficile Selective Agar (CDSA; BD, USA) for the isolation of C. difficile. METHODS: A total of 738 stool specimens of suspected CDI patients at the Severance Hospital from July to August 2011 were inoculated onto CDSA. Among them, 104 stool specimens revealed colonies on CDSA that were then re-inoculated onto chromID CD. The stool samples were stored at -20degrees C until the time of the re-inoculation. Cultured agars were interpreted after 24 hrs and 48 hrs, respectively. Species identification was performed on the basis of colony characteristics on agar plates as well as the ATB 32A system (API System SA, France). RESULTS: The recovery rates of CDSA and chromID CD were 30.1% and 77.5% after 24 hrs, and 77.5% and 98.6% after 48 hrs, respectively. All of the C. difficile isolates were recovered as typical gray/black colonies on chromID CD. CONCLUSION: The performance of chromID CD for the isolation of C. difficile was better than that of conventional CDSA. The chromID CD could provide easy and sensitive detection of C. difficile even after 24hrs of incubation.
Agar
;
Clostridium
;
Clostridium difficile
;
Diarrhea
;
Humans
;
Incidence
Result Analysis
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