A case of adrenogenital syndrome which occurred in a girl of the age of 5 years, having the chief complaint of the abnormal external genitalia such as enlarged clitoris, abnormal urethral meatus and pubic hairs, was herein presented with brief review of literatures.
Adrenogenital Syndrome* ; Clitoris ; Female ; Genitalia ; Hair ; Humans

Conventional reduction clitoroplasty often leaves the glans clitoris without tactile sensation. Several clitoroplasty methods have been reported, but only a few describes preservation of dorsal neurovascular bundles. We present the case of 20-year- old female with symptomatic clitoromegaly since puberty, who underwent a clitoral reduction designed to preserve the neurovascular supply of the glans clitoris. The cosmetic outcome was excellent on postoperative examination and the patient reported normal sensation 6 months later. Preservation of?dorsal vascular pedicles showed a satisfactory result in sexually mature women.
Clitoris ; Cosmetics ; Female ; Humans ; Puberty ; Sensation

PURPOSE: To describe normal anatomy and compare the differences of external genital organs and urethra on MR imaging in pre- and postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 19 pre- and 18 postmenopausal healthy women underwent pelvis MR imaging at 1.5 T. Two radiologists retrospectively scored and compared the image quality of female external genitalia and urethra on axial T2-weighted images (T2WI) and axial fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images (FSCE-T1WI) by using Wilcoxon signed ranks test. The radiologists compared the wall thickness or size of external genital organs and urethra on FSCE-T1WI between two groups by using Student t test. RESULTS: Image quality was better with FSCE-T1WI than with T2WI in all subjects (p < 0.05). The vestibular bulb, clitoris and labium minor were more clearly visualized on FSCE-T1WI in premenopausal subjects rather than in postmenopausal subjects (p < 0.05). The urethra had a target-like appearance with three layers in premenopausal and postmenopausal subjects. Postmenopausal subjects were observed to have significantly smaller vaginal wall thickness, urethral wall thickness and vestibular bulb width than premenopausal subjects (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The anatomy and morphologic changes of female external genital organs and urethra were well discernible on FSCE-T1WI.
Clitoris ; Female ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Pelvis ; Retrospective Studies ; Urethra

Von Recklinghausen`s neurofibromatosis is an unusual disorder with a wide variety Of manifestations. The initial findings may at times involve the female genitalia. When the phallus is affected, the urologist has an opportunity for the establishment of an accurate diagnosis as well as for cosmetic correction. We report a case of neurofibromatosis with an involvement of clitoris in 1l-year-old girl.
Clitoris ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Genitalia, Female ; Humans ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1

Although hemangioma is not infrequent among gynecological patients, misdiagnosis is possible in clitoral hemangioma because of it's anatomical location and the shape. It is difficult to consider hemangioma rather than another disease as the cause of clitoral enlargement. To our knowledge, there are only 2 reported cases with clitoral involvement of hemangioma in the literature and we report first in Korea. Here we describe a patient with a large and ulcerative clitoral hemangioma, who recovered completely after a simple treatment.
Clitoris* ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Humans ; Korea ; Ulcer

Herein we presented a case of adrenogenital syndrome in 4-year-old female reconstructed by modified Allen-Spence clitoroplasty and vaginoplaty. She had a hypertrophied clitoris and a urogenital sinus into which the urethra and vagina both empty. Postoperative genital structures showed cosmetically good shape.
Adrenogenital Syndrome* ; Child, Preschool ; Clitoris ; Female ; Humans ; Urethra ; Vagina

We report an unusual case of clitoral hypertrophy due to neurofibromatosis of external genitalia. The patient also had definite skin lesions and family history. The patient was treated successfully by clitorectomy. The patient seems to be the first case of clitoral neurofibromatosis reported in Korean literature.
Circumcision, Female ; Clitoris ; Female ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Male ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Skin

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of Korean Red Ginseng(KRG) extract on the relaxation of the clitoral corpus cavernosal smooth muscle in rabbit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rabbit clitoral corpus cavernosal smooth muscle strips were mounted in organ chambers to measure isometric tension. The strips were contracted with phenylephrine(5 x 10(-6) M), and the responses to KRG extract(1~20 mg/ml), nitric oxide inhibitor(N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME), vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) receptor antagonist, KCl were examined. The cGMP content of the strips was measured by radioimmunoassay after various dose of KRG extract. RESULTS: The KRG extract(1~20 mg/ml) relaxed the clitoral corpus cavernosal smooth muscle in a dose-dependent manner up to 95%. The relaxation effect of KRG extract was significantly inhibited by L-NAME(10(-4) M) in clitoral corpus cavernosal smooth muscle. The KRG extract also inhibited the contraction induced by depolarization with 10, 20, 40 mM of KCl. The KRG extract(1, 5 mg/ml) increased the accumulation of cGMP in clitoral corpus cavernosal smooth muscle. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that KRG extract has a relaxing effect on the clitoral corpus cavernosal smooth muscle in rabbit. These effects are in part mediated by the NO-cGMP pathway and a hyperpolarizing action.
Clitoris ; Female ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nitric Oxide ; Panax* ; Rabbits ; Radioimmunoassay ; Relaxation*

Labial adhesion in prepubertal girls is a common gynecologic problems. The labia minora are fused by thin transparent or thick fibrous membrane in the midline from the clitoris to posterior fourchet. The prevalence of labial adhesion may be even greater because many children with labial fusions are asymptomatic and these cases remain unreported. They are often unrecognized by physician and parents because most of symptomatic children complained urinary symptoms. The authors experienced 2 cases of labial adhesion in girls; one asymptomatic partial fusion and the other symptomatic complete fusion. These lesions were treated successfully by mechanical separation of labial adhesion and petroleum ointment (Vaseline) application without recurrence in follow-ups.
Child ; Clitoris ; Female ; Humans ; Membranes ; Parents ; Petroleum ; Prevalence ; Recurrence

Primary carcinoma of the vulva is predominantly a disease of elderly women, a somewhat infrequent entity, accounting for approximately 3-4% of all female genital cancer and less than 1% of all malignant disease. Many studies have pointed out the long delay in the diagnosis of the cancer. This is due not only to the reluctance of the older patient to seek attention for this "personal problem", but to the delay of the physician in taking a biopsy. Therefore physicians should carry out a biopsy in every patient when the diagnosis is uncertain or the lesion fails to resolve with topical therapy. We experienced a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from the clitoris in 65 years old woman. She had had a pruritic erythematous patch on the external genitals for 20 years but never visited a clinic. One month before, she found a reddish papule on the clitoris which enlarged rapidly and reached a exophytic hard 1.5 * 2.1 cm sized mass. The patient was treated with a radical vulvectomy and bilateral lymph nodes dissection of the groin with oophorectomy. She had been followed for 20 months without any evidence of recurrence.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Clitoris* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Groin ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Ovariectomy ; Recurrence ; Vulva