This case demonstrates a rare variation in the pattern of injury and the presentation of acute lateral compartment syndrome of the leg. Although uncommon, lateral compartment syndrome of the leg after an ankle inversion leading to peroneus longus muscle rupture has been previously documented. This case was unusual because there was no overt ankle injury and the patient was able to continue physical activity, in spite of a significant rupture of the peroneus longus muscle that was determined later. This case highlights the necessary vigilance clinicians must maintain when assessing non-contact injuries in patients with possible compartment syndrome.
Acute Disease ; Adult ; *Compartment Syndromes/pathology/surgery ; Humans ; *Leg/pathology/surgery ; Male ; *Muscle, Skeletal/injuries/surgery ; Rupture, Spontaneous ; Young Adult

Trigger wrist is a relatively rare disease compared to trigger finger, which is the most common disorder found in hands. Patients with trigger wrist usually complain about the following symptoms: snapping and clicking or triggering around carpal tunnel with or without mild to moderate median neuropathy. There are a total of five cases of trigger wrist: three cases of anomalous muscle belly of flexor digitorum superficialis and two cases of fibroma around flexor tendon sheath within carpal tunnel. This study reports on two of those cases: one with anomalous muscle and the other with fibroma of flexor tendon sheath. Accurate examination and proper diagnosis are mandatory to obviate improper and time-wasting treatment for patients with trigger wrist.
Adult ; Female ; Fibroma ; Humans ; Male ; *Tenosynovitis/physiopathology/radiography/surgery ; *Wrist/physiopathology/radiography/surgery

Spondylolisthesis coexisting with tuberculosis is rarely reported. There is a controversy whether spondylolisthesis coexists or precedes tuberculosis. Few cases of pathological spondylolisthesis secondary to tuberculous spondylodiscitis have been reported in the lumbar and lumbosacral spine. All cases in the literature presented as anterolisthesis, except one which presented as posterolisthesis of lumbar spine. Spondylolisthesis in the cervical spine is mainly degenerative and traumatic. Spondylolisthesis due to tuberculosis is not reported in the lower cervical spine. The exact mechanism of such an occurrence of spondylolisthesis with tuberculosis is sparsely reported in the literature and inadequately understood. We report a rare case of high grade pathological posterolisthesis of the lower cervical spine due to tubercular spondylodiscitis in a 67-year-old woman managed surgically with a three-year follow-up period. This case highlights the varied and complex presentation of tuberculosis of the lower cervical spine and gives insight into its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
Aged ; *Cervical Vertebrae/pathology/radiography ; Female ; Humans ; *Spondylolisthesis/etiology/radiography ; *Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular/complications/diagnosis/pathology

A 50-year-old male presented with acutely progressed paraplegia. His magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated two well-demarcated components with opposite signals in one cystic lesion between the T1- and T2-weighted images at the T1 spine level. The patient showed immediately improved neurological symptoms after surgical intervention and the histopathological exam was compatible with a neurenteric cyst. On operation, two different viscous drainages from the cyst were confirmed. A unique similarity of image findings was found from a review of the pertinent literature. The common findings of spinal neurenteric cyst include an isointense or mildly hyperintense signal relative to cerebrospinal fluid for both T1- and T2-weighted images. However, albeit rarer, the signals of some part of the cyst could change into brightly hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and hypointensity on T2-weighted images due to the differing sedimentation of the more viscous contents in the cyst.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Neural Tube Defects/diagnosis/physiopathology/surgery ; *Spinal Cord/pathology/surgery ; *Spinal Cord Diseases/diagnosis/physiopathology/surgery

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) is a rare systemic disease, which commonly manifests as muco-cutaneous papulonodules and inflammatory erosive polyarthropathy. In this research, we report the clinical manifestations and management of a rare case of MRH with destructive arthropathy of bilateral hip joints and arthritis mutilans presenting with characteristic deformities. Disabling hip arthropathy that occurs secondary to MRH can be successfully managed with bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA). Osteopenia and acetabular bone defects must be anticipated during THA. This case is reported due to its rare occurrence and because little literature has been published regarding THA in such patients.
*Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Fingers/pathology ; Hip/pathology/radiography/surgery ; *Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell ; Humans ; Skin/pathology ; Toes/pathology

We presented a surgical technique including a suture bridge technique with relatively small incision for the reduction and fixation of posterior ligament avulsion fractures. A suture anchor was used to hold the avulsed fragment and a knotless anchor was used to continuously compress the bony fragment into the fracture site, thereby maintaining reduction during healing.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; Knee Injuries/*surgery ; Male ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament/*injuries/*surgery ; *Suture Anchors ; *Suture Techniques ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Standard treatments may provide adequate containment in mild to moderate Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD), but they can be problematic in more severe cases. The purpose of this study was to report the results of combined shelf acetabuloplasty with femoral varus osteotomy in severe LCPD. METHODS: We reviewed 12 patients who had undergone combined shelf acetabuloplasty with femoral varus osteotomy. The indications for this type of operation were: (1) above 8 years of age at clinical onset; (2) massive femoral epiphysis involvement (Catterall group 4, lateral pillar C); (3) femoral head lateral subluxation on the anteroposterior radiograph; and (4) impending hinged abduction on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging or arthrography. The mean age was 9.3 years (range, 8 to 10.8 years). The patients were clinically evaluated with Iowa hip score and leg length discrepancy at the final follow-up. Radiographic outcome was assessed using the Stulberg classification to evaluate femoral head sphericity. The presence of osteoarthritis was evaluated by the Tonnis classification. Correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the preoperative factors that were strongly associated with patients' outcomes. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 10.1 years (range, 7.1 to 13.2 years). Functional grade was excellent in all patients at last follow-up (mean, 92; range, 82 to 99). The mean leg length discrepancy after skeletal maturity was 0.9 cm (range, 0 to 1.7 cm). There were no significant complications or need for additional surgery. Radiographically, 92% of patients reached satisfactory outcomes: Stulberg grade I, 0 cases; Stulberg grade II, 4 cases (34%); Stulberg III, 7 cases (58%), Stulberg IV, 1 case (8%); and Stulberg V, 0 cases. There was no osteoarthritis by Tonnis classification. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical outcomes for combined shelf acetabuloplasty with femoral varus osteotomy in severe LCPD patients over 8 years old are comparable with other advanced surgical methods. In the cases of severe disease that match our inclusion criteria, our containment method could be another treatment option.
Acetabuloplasty/adverse effects/*methods ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Leg Length Inequality ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease/radiography/*surgery ; Male ; Osteotomy/adverse effects/*methods ; Pain ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to report findings of exploratory arthroscopic assessment performed in conjunction with removal of internal fixation device placed in the initial surgery for rotational ankle fracture. METHODS: A total of 53 patients (33 male, 20 female) who underwent surgery for rotational ankle fracture between November 2002 and February 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients gave consent to the exploratory arthroscopic surgery for the removal of internal fixation devices placed in the initial surgery. Lauge-Hansen classification system of ankle fractures was assessed for all patients. Intra-articular lesions (osteochondral lesion, loose body, and fibrosis) were evaluated via ankle arthroscopy. Comparative analysis was then performed between radiological classification of ankle fracture/patient's symptoms and arthroscopic findings. RESULTS: Lauge-Hansen classification system of ankle fractures included supination-external rotation type (n = 35), pronation-external rotation type (n = 9), and pronation-abduction type (n = 9). A total of 33 patients exhibited symptoms of pain or discomfort while walking whereas 20 exhibited no symptoms. Arthroscopic findings included abnormal findings around the syndesmosis area (n = 35), intra-articular fibrosis (n = 51), osteochondral lesions of the talus (n = 33), loose bodies (n = 6), synovitis (n = 13), and anterior bony impingement syndrome (n = 3). Intra-articular fibrosis was seen in 31 of symptomatic patients (93.9%). Pain or discomfort with activity caused by soft tissue impingement with meniscus-like intra-articular fibrosis were found in 19 patients. There was statistical significance (p = 0.02) between symptoms (pain and discomfort) and the findings of meniscus-like fibrosis compared to the group without any symptom. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic examination combined with treatment of intra-articular fibrosis arising from ankle fracture surgery may help improve surgical outcomes.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ankle/*pathology/radiography/*surgery ; Ankle Fractures/*pathology/radiography/*surgery ; Arthralgia ; Arthroscopy/*methods ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: To compare the effectiveness of intraoperative three-dimensional (3D) image and conventional two-dimensional (2D) fluoroscopic images, which are used in the treatment of acute calcaneal fractures. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 40 patients who suffered calcaneal fracture and underwent surgery at Inje University Busan Paik Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups. Only 2D fluoroscopy was used to evaluate 20 patients of group 1. On the other hand, 3D fluoroscopy was performed on the remaining 20 patients of group 2; 3D fluoroscopy was performed on these patients after they were extensively evaluated by 2D fluoroscopy during surgery. We reviewed the radiographic and clinical outcomes of these patients, whose average follow-up period was 42.6 months. RESULTS: In group 2, 3D fluoroscopy detected four cases (20%) of articular incongruence and screw misplacement. All these complicated cases were corrected during surgery. At the final follow-up session, the mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hind foot score was 78.3 (range, 65 to 95) in group 1 and 82.3 (range, 68 to 95) in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative 3D imaging of calcaneal fractures is considered to be useful in evaluating the congruence of joints and the placement of implants.
Adult ; Calcaneus/*injuries/radiography/*surgery ; Female ; Fluoroscopy ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/*methods ; Fractures, Bone/radiography/*surgery ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/*methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Metastatic pathological fractures of the spine are a major problem for cancer patients; however, there is no consensus on treatment strategy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various treatment options by analyzing their patterns for metastatic pathological fractures of the spine. METHODS: In this study, 54 patients (male:female = 36:18) who were diagnosed with metastatic pathological fractures of spine were recruited. Demographic data, origin of cancer, type of treatment, and results were obtained from electronic medical records. Treatment options were divided into radiotherapy (RT), vertebroplasty (VP) or kyphoplasty (KP), operation (OP), and other treatments. Treatment results were defined as aggravation, no response, fair response, good response, and unknown. The survival time after detection of pathologic fractures was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 62.3 years. Hepatocellular carcinoma was the most common cancer of primary origin (n = 9), followed by multiple myeloma (n = 8). RT was the most common primary choice of treatment (n = 29, 53.7%), followed by OP (n = 13, 24.1%), and VP or KP (n = 10, 18.5%). Only 13 of 29 RT cases and 7 of 13 OP cases demonstrated a fair or good response. The mean survival time following detection of pathological spinal fractures was 11.1 months for 29 patients, who died during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: RT was the most common primary choice of treatment for metastatic pathological fractures of the spine. However, the response rate was suboptimal. Although OP should be considered for the relief of mechanical back pain or neurologic symptoms, care should be taken in determining the surgical indication. VP or KP could be considered for short-term control of localized pain, although the number of cases was too small to confirm the conclusion. It is difficult to determine the superiority of the treatment modalities, hence, a common guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic pathological fractures of the spine is required.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/mortality/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma/mortality/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures/etiology/mortality/*radiotherapy/*surgery ; Spinal Neoplasms/*complications/secondary ; Spine ; Treatment Outcome