No abstract available.
Clinical Clerkship*

Background: Professionalism is a core competency of physicians, identified as one of the learning outcomes for the Doctor of Medicine program. In all the efforts geared towards supporting students develop high standards of professionalism through the 4-year course of medical education, perhaps the greatest gap is in assessment. Objectives: The study aimed to determine how attitudes towards professionalism among medical students change during clinical clerkship, which attitudes change, and if these changes are associated with certain demographic factors and specific clinical rotations. Methodology: This is a cohort study with a baseline and three consecutive measurements of attitudes towards professionalism among students in a medical school as they rotated in the different clinical departments for the first semester of AY 2018-2019. A 36-item questionnaire based on a validated instrument was used. Frequency counts, means, percentages, paired t-tests, analysis of variance, and chi-square were used to analyze the data. Results: Overall, the attitudes towards professionalism among medical students were positive at baseline and did not significantly change through three consecutive clinical rotations. The scores were highest and most stable for altruism, accountability, and excellence. No association was found between any change in attitudes and certain demographic factors including age, gender, and pre-medical course, and specific clinical rotation. Conclusion No significant change in attitudes towards professionalism was found among fourth year medical students as they rotated through three consecutive clinical rotations. While many factors should be considered, this finding should prompt a comprehensive look at how clinical clerkship experiences actually educate for professionalism.
Professionalism ; Clinical Clerkship ; Attitude

This study analysed the correlation between student achievement and the result of medical licensure examination. To predict the result of pass or fail in the medical licensure examination we carried out a discriminant ana lysis by using following variables: year-wise student academic record and the result of integrative test scores. The prediction ratio was 83.6% and the statistical result is significant. Based on this result the formular of the discriminant score for sucess in medical licensure examination is as following: Z= -19.6372+(0.1812)xcredit of 4th year+(0.0441)xthe result of intergrative test scores. Being considered that the curriculum for seniors was consisted of as core clinical clerkships on the basis of main subjects and the items of medical licensure examination were selected from main subjects. The result is a matter of course. Therefore, it is recommended to put emphasis on core subject-oriented teaching and to strengthen core clinical clerkship to enhence the possiblity of success of medical licensure examination. Since the afore-mentioned discriminant score may predict success of medical licensure examination the school administration can decide to offer special programs for risk group students.
Clinical Clerkship ; Curriculum ; Humans ; Licensure, Medical*

The author has confirmed the legistical authorization of medical student's active participation in clinical practice for their learning. The possible approaches for innovation of clinical clerkship ar e described and are analized in view point of medical colleges and society. Listing of important clinical skills in order (content and level), legistration of student's clinical clerkship. Limitation of legal protection in clinical practice, training of regidents and follows for better student's clerkship, and spiritual support from patients, community and government is emphasized.
Clinical Clerkship ; Clinical Competence ; Humans ; Learning ; Students, Medical*

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effect of clinical clerkship-associated achievements, such as performance of procedures at the student clinic, observation, and attitude towards a clerkship, on the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) scores of dental students graduating in restorative dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The OSCEs consisted of two stations designed to assess students' clinical skills regarding cavity preparation for a class II gold inlay and a class IV composite restoration. The clerkship achievements, consisting of the number of student clinical procedures performed, observation-related OSCE, and scores of their attitudes towards a conservative dentistry clerkship, were assessed. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The correlation coefficient between the OSCE scores for cavity preparation for a class II gold restoration and clerkship attitude scores was 0.241 (p < 0.05). Regarding a class IV composite restoration, OSCE scores showed statistically significant correlations with the observation (r = 0.344, p < 0.01) and attitude (r = 0.303, p < 0.01) scores. In a multiple regression analysis, attitudes towards a clerkship (p = 0.033) was associated with the cavity preparation for a class II gold inlay OSCE scores, while the number of procedure observations (p = 0.002) was associated with the class IV composite restoration OSCE scores. CONCLUSIONS: The number of clinical procedures performed by students, which is an important requirement for graduation, showed no correlation with either of the OSCEs scores.
Achievement ; Clinical Clerkship ; Clinical Competence ; Dentistry ; Humans ; Inlays ; Students, Dental

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between medical student scores on 4 examinations: the written examination, clinical clerkship examination, clinical skill assessment, and graduation examination. METHODS: Scores for 51 students who entered Daegu Catholic Medical School in 2005 on the written examination, clinical clerkship examination, clinical skill assessment, and graduation examination were included. Correlations between the scores were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The scores on the written examination showed a strong correlation with those of the clinical clerkship assessment (0.833) and graduation examination (0.821). The clinical clerkship assessment scores correlated significantly with graduation examination scores (0.907). In addition, clinical skill assessment scores correlated with the written examination (0.579), clinical clerkship examination (0.570), and graduation examination (0.465) scores. CONCLUSION: Overall, the correlation between the scores on the clinical clerkship examination and the written examination was more significant than the correlation between scores on the clinical clerkship examination and clinical skill assessment. Therefore, we need to improve the evaluation method for the clinical clerkship examination and clinical skill assessment.
Clinical Clerkship ; Clinical Competence ; Humans ; Schools, Medical ; Students, Medical

If medical campus is composed of multi-campus, the standardization of the students' clinical clerkship is one of the major concerns in medical education, since it is very difficult to supervise the precise students' performances by the executive officers. To improve and to standardize the clinical clerkship, the objective structured clinical examination and the clinical skill test was done and its results were analyzed. On February 11, 2001, the 85 junior students of the College of Medicine, Hallym University, undertook the examinations with 10 items. Mean of the results was 72.73. There was no significant difference of scores according to sex, and group of examinees. There was significant difference according to the hospital of students' clerkship in spite of there was no significant difference of the scores of written examination and total score of clinical clerkship. There was a significant difference of experiences of clinical skills according to the hospital. There was a positive correlation between degree of experience of clinical skills and scores (r=0.3888). The most important factor influencing the scores is believed to be a experience of clinical skills in the hospital since it can be postulated that the students' ability was not different according to the hospital. Also the depth of the clinical skill was also may be another influencing factor to the scores. When students works in multi-campus hospitals, the professors or educational supervisors should check the clinical skills as the guideline indicated, for the standardization of the clinical clerkship.
Clinical Clerkship* ; Clinical Competence* ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Schools, Medical*

The elective course was introduced to Inha university college of medicine in clinical clerkship from 1998. In August, 1999, a questionnaire about the change of the curriculum was distributed to 36 senior students and 157 clinical professors in Inha university college of medicine. To the elective course, the students' response was : 41.7% answered 'good', 22.2% answered 'non-judgemental', 36.1% answered 'bad', and the professors' response was : 56.4% answered 'good', 30.9% answered 'non-judgemental', 12.8% answered 'bad'. As for the merit of the elective course, the students' response was : 72.2% answered 'to choose the course they want to study (to provide them study motivation)', 41.7% answered 'to study the subject deeply', 19.4% answered 'to be helpful to choose a course after graduation'. Of the professors' response, 83.0% answered 'to choose the course they want to study (to provide them study motivation)', but 44.7% answered 'self-regulating study attitude'. As for the defect of the elective course, the students' response was : 91.7% answered 'the subjects are restricted', 55.6% answered 'to be too long not efficiently', ?% answered 'to hinder from preparing for Korean medical licensing examination'. And the professors answered in the same order. 55.6% of the students' respond answered 'rarely prepared' even though the term of elective course in each department got longer, but 28.7% of the professors' answered 'prepared very much'. As for the period of elective course, the students' response was : 2 weeks for 6 each subjects (72.2%), 1 week for every subjects(22.2%). But the professors' response was : 3 weeks for 4 each subjects(35.1%), 2 weeks for 6 each subjects(35.1%), over 4 weeks for less 3 each subjects (9.6%). As a conclusion the professors in clinical department must prepare meticulously for the elective course.
Clinical Clerkship* ; Curriculum ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Licensure ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the teaching evaluation of clinical clerkship at Korean medical schools, and to suggest a desirable improvement for the clinical teaching evaluation in the future. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted with a total of 9 multiple-choice questions and 1 essay-type question. The multiple-choice questions were analyzed by the frequency analysis using SPSS 17.0, and the essay-type question was coded by the content analysis. RESULTS: Survey results were as follows: First, clinical teaching evaluations via online (51.35%) were implemented once a year (94.59%) in most medical schools. Second, the self-made questionnaires by medical school (64.86%) rather than borrowing or adaptation (35.14%) were being used more often as teaching evaluation tool. Third, 37.84% medical schools used the specific form by class type, whereas 62.16% medical schools took the general form regardless of class type. Finally, evaluation tool (n=8), lack of concern and attention to teaching evaluation (n=4), formalities of evaluation (n=4), etc. were exposed as problems of clinical teaching evaluation. With regard to evaluation items, the development of specific questions was required. CONCLUSION: Teaching evaluation can be used as effective educational tools to improve the clinical clerkship program. To this end, clinical teaching evaluation tools reflecting the characteristics of clinical practice need to be developed.
Clinical Clerkship ; Program Evaluation ; Schools, Medical ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The patient-centered attitude is an effort to understand patients themselves as well as their disease. The doctor-oriented approach has been shifting to one where patients and participate in the deciding of medical service. We performed this study to investigate the patient-centeredness and influencing variables associated with personality traits. METHODS: We recruited 94 medical students before their psychiatric clinical clerkship, and all subjects were assessed by a structured questionnaire including socio-demographic data, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI), Meyers-Briggs type indicator(MBTI), the patient-practitioner Orientation Scale(PPOS), and the Authoritarian Personality scale(AP), The AP and PPOS questionnaires were repeated after the psychiatric clinical clerkship. RESULTS: After the psychiatric clinical clerkship, the AP scores were significantly lower than before, and the PPOS significantly higher than before. The change in the AP scores were related to MBTI, correlated with MMPI subscales, however, inversely correlated with the changes in PPOS after the clinical clerkship. CONCLUSION: The authoritarian personality trait was related to, not only the personality trait including MBTI and MMPI subscales, but also to patient-centeredness in medical students.
Clinical Clerkship ; Humans ; Minnesota ; MMPI ; Students, Medical* ; Surveys and Questionnaires