The effective analysis of the stupefacient must be a sensitivity, specificity, and reliability, correct, prompt and easy to make. There are 2 kinds of stupefacient including natural and synthetic agents. The metabolism of the stupefacient and the collection of samples influenced on the results of analysis. The tests of the stupefacient are a test with the high sensitivity in the ligal aspect
Clinical Chemistry Tests

No abstract available.
Chemistry, Clinical ; Clinical Chemistry Tests ; Methods

The study conducted on bronchial asthmatic patients treated at Allergic Clinic in Bach Mai Hospital. The patients treated by theophylline pill acting within 12 hours, manufactured by Hanoi College of Pharmacy combined with Central Pharmaceutical Factory No. 2, used single-blind, controlled method. The patients used 200mg dose, twice in day (8 a.m and 8 p.m), separated from each other 12 hours. Results: The change of respiratory functions are good, both groups are more than 15 percentage
Theophylline ; Clinical Chemistry Tests ; Tablets

BACKGROUND: Optimal operational efficiency requires specific technical solutions such as open, flexible, and adaptable space, suitable equipment requirements, and laboratory instrumentation that combine excellent analytical performance with a capacity for testing large panels in a high throughput manner, under rapid turnaround times. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the analytical performance of the novel Roche-Hitachi cobas 8000 c702 Chemistry Autoanalyzer. METHODS: Precision, linearity, carry over, detection limits, and comparison studies were performed with 31 routine clinical chemistry tests according to the CLSI guidelines. Commercial quality chemistry control material (Lyphochek, Bio-Rad, USA) and patient sera were used as the test specimens. Unicel DxC instrument (Beckman Coulter, USA) was used as a control analyzer to evaluate the correlation. RESULTS: The total coefficients of variations (CVs) of almost all the analytes were between 0.4 and 4.1%, except for CO2 and ammonia. Excellent linearities were observed in the performance ranges used (r>0.99, slope, 0.961-1.048). Correlations with analogous tests ran on the Unicel DxC instrument were good, correlation coefficients ranging between 0.921 and 1.000. The carryover ranged from -0.216 to 0.481%. CONCLUSIONS: The Roche-Hitachi cobas 8000 c702 Chemistry Autoanalyzer showed satisfactory precision, linearity, carry over, detection limits, and high throughput capacity. The instrument performance correlated well with the Unicel DxC analyzer. We conclude that the balance of elevated throughput and optimal analytical performance should make Roche-Hitachi cobas c702 Chemistry Autoanalyzer suitable for very large clinical laboratories.
Ammonia ; Chemistry* ; Clinical Chemistry Tests ; Humans ; Limit of Detection

Laboratory values change with age and interpreting laboratory results from elderly people using the reference intervals for younger adults may not be appropriate. The authors investigated the distribution patterns of routine chemistry values from elderly people to determine whether current reference intervals are also valid for elderly people. A total of 1,215 persons older than 65 years and 1,827 healthy adults below 65 years of age were evaluated. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast and analyzed for chemistry tests. Computing the central 95th percentile showed that the total protein, albumin, ALP, LD, creatinine, uric acid, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and electrolytes of elderly people were within the standard reference intervals used in our laboratory. For AST and ALT, the upper range of the central 95th percentile in the elderly population was found to be outside the common reference interval. However, the central 90th percentile values of AST and ALT were compatible with the common reference intervals. GGT, BUN, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and glucose showed higher values than the upper limits of the reference intervals. For common clinical chemistry tests, the common reference values in general should be applicable to elderly people, even though some parameters showed wider distributions in the elderly.
Adult ; Aged ; Chemistry, Clinical ; Cholesterol ; Clinical Chemistry Tests ; Creatinine ; Electrolytes ; Glucose ; Humans ; Reference Values ; Uric Acid

A new type of instrument that called the rapid determination of carbon dioxide combining power without mercury is proposed. The performance of the instrument in accordance to the requirements in ISO15189 of laboratory accreditation has been evaluated. The results showed that, this instrument is safe, pollution-free, accurate and practical.
Carbon Dioxide ; analysis ; Clinical Chemistry Tests ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design

Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute's guidelines. Test results from clinical samples were compared between Tosoh G11 and the routine testing systems, Tosoh G8 and Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing.RESULTS: With respect to the precision of Tosoh G11, the test results for low- and high-concentration controls showed a coefficient of variation of less than 1.1%. Furthermore, the new device exhibited good linearity for HbA(1c) values ranging from 3.4% to 18.8%, and carry-over was not observed. HbA(1c) results for Tosoh G11 (N=143) correlated well with those for Tosoh G8 (r=0.9971) and Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing (r=0.9918).CONCLUSIONS: Tosoh G11 demonstrated reliable analytical performance with good precision and linearity, and no carry-over results. In addition, its results were comparable to those of the existing instruments. Thus, the results of this evaluation suggest that Tosoh G11 is suitable for the routine diagnostic testing of HbA(1c) levels in clinical chemistry laboratories.]]>
Chemistry, Clinical ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Results of automated clinical chemistry tests are affected by many factors including analytical variability. In 1976, the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Conference on the analytical goals in clinical chemistry recommended that analytical variability should be less than 1/4 of the appropriate biological variability to improve distinction between normal and diseased populations. This study is conducted to evaluate whether automated clinical chemisty analyses performed in our laboratory is in conformance with the CAP's recommendation. METHODS: Routine chemistry and electrolyte tests were performed using Hitachi 747 automatic analyzer on 22 healthy volunteers. Blood samples were obtained from the volunteers' same vein twice in one week interval to study the total variability. Serum samples from 12 subjects were tested in duplicate immediately after blood collection for within-run analytical variability; and samples from another 10 subjects were repeated after 6 hours for within-day analytical variability. Within-run analytical variability plus within-day analytical variability make total analytical variability. Biological variability was defined as the difference between total variability and the analytical variability. Finally, ratios of analytical and biological variabilities were calculated. RESULTS: The ratios of analytical and biological variabilities of uric acid, glucose, and K were less than 0.25. But ratios of BUN, PO4, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, AST, cholesterol, ALT, Cl, and protein exceeded 0.25. The ratios of Na, Ca, albumin, CO2, and creatinine could not be calculated. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the analytical processes of the automated clinical chemistry tests be improved so as to be in conformity with the CAP's recommendation.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bilirubin ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Clinical* ; Cholesterol ; Clinical Chemistry Tests* ; Creatinine ; Glucose ; Healthy Volunteers ; Uric Acid ; Veins

BACKGROUND: Medical laboratories play a central role in health care. Many laboratories are taking a more focused and stringent approach to quality system management. In Korea, laboratory standardization efforts undertaken by the Korean Laboratory Accreditation Program (KLAP) and the Korean External Quality Assessment Scheme (KEQAS) may have facilitated an improvement in laboratory performance, but there are no fundamental studies demonstrating that laboratory standardization is effective. We analyzed the results of the KEQAS to identify significant differences between laboratories with or without KLAP and to determine the impact of laboratory standardization on the accuracy of diagnostic tests. METHODS: We analyzed KEQAS participant data on clinical chemistry tests such as albumin, ALT, AST, and glucose from 2010 to 2013. As a statistical parameter to assess performance bias between laboratories, we compared 4-yr variance index score (VIS) between the two groups with or without KLAP. RESULTS: Compared with the group without KLAP, the group with KLAP exhibited significantly lower geometric means of 4-yr VIS for all clinical chemistry tests (P<0.0001); this difference justified a high level of confidence in standardized services provided by accredited laboratories. Confidence intervals for the mean of each test in the two groups (accredited and non-accredited) did not overlap, suggesting that the means of the groups are significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirmed that practice standardization is strongly associated with the accuracy of test results. Our study emphasizes the necessity of establishing a system for standardization of diagnostic testing.
Accreditation* ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Clinical Chemistry Tests ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine* ; Glucose ; Korea

The main goal of transfusion medicine is safe and appropriate blood transfusion in all situations. To accomplish this, it is essential to have a high level quality management system for the entire process from blood donation to transfusion. Regulations regarding blood management have been adopted and strictly managed in Korea since 2007. Blood center's blood management tasks should establish appropriate quality management systems to ensure the safe supply of blood, as well as the basic resources of personnel, facilities and equipment in accordance with laws and regulations governed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Korea. The purpose of this review is to examine the contents and processes for quality control of clinical chemistry tests in Korean blood centers.
Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion ; Chemistry, Clinical* ; Clinical Chemistry Tests* ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Quality Control ; Social Control, Formal ; Transfusion Medicine