The new flavonoid was isolated from the leaves of clerodendron fragrans Vent. Its structure was confirmed by various spectrum of IR, UV, MS, 1H, C13-NMR, DEPT, COSY as 5, 7, 8-trihydroxy-4, -methoxy flavone (I). That flavonoid composition presented good antioxiadant activity. Its effect on cathepsin activity in human blood was studied and showed that flavonoid increased cathepsin activity at optimum concentration.
Biological Factors ; Clerodendrum

In this paper, through the collection and collation of ancient herbs, medical books and prescriptions, combined with modern literature, the historical changes of the name, origin, position, medicinal parts, collection, processing and processing of bluegrass were systematically combed and verified.It can be seen from the research that bluegrass was first used as medicine by the fruit, namely blueberry, which was originally Polygonum tinctorium. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, blueberry was rarely used, and it has been no longer used medicinally. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the medicinal parts extended to the stems and leaves, and most of them used juice as medicine.Since the Tang Dynasty, origin has been extended to Isatis indigotica, Baphicacanthus cusia, Indigofera tinctoria, Compositae plant Wulan, etc. In the Song Dynasty, the medicinal parts extended to the roots, and the "Banlangen" began to appear, and gradually became the main medicinal parts of blue medicinal materials, the main base of which was B. cusia. Since the Qing Dynasty, I. indigotica, a Cruciferae, has gradually become a genuine indigo root, while B. cusia has become a southern indigo root. It was the first mineral dye imported from abroad for thrush, and then used as medicine, also known as clam powder. Because it was found that it had the same effect with the extract of bluegrass, it was also named indigo naturalis in China, which has lasted till now. The main stream of Isatidis Folium in the past dynasties is the dry stem and leaf of Clerodendrum cyrtophylum. Since the Qing Dynasty, the stem and leaf of Isatis indigotica, P. tinctorium and other blue grasses have been gradually mixed as substitutes and gradually become the mainstream.
China ; Clerodendrum ; Isatis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal

The adulteration of herbal products is a threat to consumer safety. In the present study, we surveyed the species composition of commercial Radix Clerodendri Japonicum products using DNA barcoding as a supervisory method. A reference database for plant-material DNA-barcode was successfully constructed with 48 voucher samples from 12 Clerodendrum species. The database was used to identify 27 Radix Clerodendri Japonicum decoction piece samples purchased from drug stores and hospitals. The DNA sequencing results revealed that only 1 decoction piece (3.70%) was authentic C. japonicum, as recorded in the Dai Pharmacopeia, whereas the other samples were all adulterants, indicating a potential safety issue. The results indicate that decoction pieces that are available in the market have complex origins and that DNA barcoding is a suitable tool for regulation of Dai medicines.
Clerodendrum ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Drug Contamination ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Bleeding into the subarachnoid space is one of frequent complications in neurosurgical practice and most frequently caused by rupture of meningeal by trauma to the head. Hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space may occur in patient with blood dyscrasias, intracranial tumors, vascular anomalies, certain toxic or infectious disease of the nervous system, and intracerebral hemorrhages. In may be worthy academic interest and clinical practice to estimate the age of blood after hemorrhage into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The age was estimated and assessed by an immunological method with hemoagglutination activity using native Korean phytoagglutinin. The age of the red blood cells in RBC-CSF suspension of normal subjects was assessed and estimated by the hemoagglutination of phytoagglutinin in vitro. Vicia PHA and Clerodendron PHA chosen from among 18 different varieties of PHA are panhemoagglutinin and demonstrated the agglutination reaction most effectively. The agglutination activity of PHA with RBC-CSF suspension decreased gradually as time elapsed and activity subsided on 7~8th day. The age of RBC in CSF can be estimated by titration. The agglutination activity of PHA to RBC in CSF suspension continued for a longer period than that of PHA to either RBC in normal saline or anti-serum A and B in CSF. It would be well to say that the experimental results can be applied to clinical situations, especially subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Agglutination ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Clerodendrum ; Communicable Diseases ; Erythrocytes ; Head ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Nervous System ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Subarachnoid Space ; Vicia

OBJECTIVETo study the constituents from Clerodendrum bungei.

METHODThe constituents were isolated and purified with chromatographic methods, and identified by NMR, MS and IR.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated, beta-sitosterol (1), taraxerol (2), glochidone (3), glochidonol (4), glochidiol (5).

CONCLUSIONCompounds (3), (4) and (5) were isolated for the first time from C. bungei.

Clerodendrum ; chemistry ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo analyse chemical constituents of the volatiles of Clerodendron bungei.

METHODThe volatiles of C. bungei were extracted through steam distillation, and then the constituents were separated by GC and identified by MS.

RESULT AND CONCLUSION33 Compounds were identified. The principal chemical constituents of the volatiles of C. bungei are ethanol, acetone, 1-penten-3-ol,2-pentanol, (Z)-2-penten-1-ol, 3-furaldehyde, 3-hexen-1-ol, 4-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanol, benzenemethanol, linal-ool oxide, trans-Linalool oxide, linalool,2,5-dimethylcyclohexanol, phenylethyl alcohol, etc.

Acetone ; analysis ; Clerodendrum ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Phenylethyl Alcohol ; analysis ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo separate and identify the constituents from Clerodendron fragrans.

METHODThe constituents were isolated and purified with chromatographic methods, identified by NMR, MS, IR.

RESULTBeta-sitosterol (1), clerosterol (2), daucosterol (3), caffeic acid (4), kaempferol (5), 5,4'-dihydroxy-kaempferol-7-O-beta-rutinoside (6), acteoside (7) and leucoseceptoside A (8), were isolated and identified.

CONCLUSIONCompound 7 and 8 were identified for the first time from Clerodendron fragrans.

Clerodendrum ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Phenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Clerodendrum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Urinary Tract Infections ; drug therapy

AIMTo study the chemical constituents from Clerodendron bungei Steud.

METHODSThe compounds were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques and identified by their physicochemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTSTen phenylethanoid glycosides were isolated and identified as clerodendronoside (1), acteoside (2), isoacteoside (3), cistanoside C (4), jionoside C (5), leucosceptoside A (6), cistanoside D (7), campneoside I (8), campneoside II (9), cistanoside F (10).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 is a new phenylethanoid glycoside, while compounds 4-10 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Catechols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Clerodendrum ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Iridoid Glycosides ; Iridoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Phenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Flavonoids are plant pigments that have been demonstrated to exert various pharmacological effects including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the molecular mechanisms in terms of exact target proteins of flavonoids are not fully elucidated yet. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of scutellarein (SCT), a flavonoid isolated from Erigeron breviscapus, Clerodendrum phlomidis and Oroxylum indicum Vent that have been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases in China and Brazil. For this purpose, a nitric oxide (NO) assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nuclear fractionation, immunoblot analysis, a kinase assay, and an overexpression strategy were employed. Scutellarein significantly inhibited NO production in a dose-dependent manner and reduced the mRNA expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, SCT also dampened nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-driven expression of a luciferase reporter gene upon transfection of a TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-beta (TRIF) construct into Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells; similarly, NF-kappa B nuclear translocation was inhibited by SCT. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of various upstream signaling enzymes involved in NF-kappaB activation were decreased by SCT treatment in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Finally, SCT strongly inhibited Src kinase activity and also inhibited the autophosphorylation of overexpressed Src. Therefore, our data suggest that SCT can block the inflammatory response by directly inhibiting Src kinase activity linked to NF-kappaB activation.
Brazil ; China ; Clerodendrum ; Erigeron ; Flavonoids ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Interferon-beta ; Kidney ; Luciferases ; Macrophages ; NF-kappa B ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases* ; Plants ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha