The Department of Plastic Surgery of the Yonsei University College of Medicine in Korea studied 2422 cases of cleft lip and cleft palate patients for 20 years An analysis of the date resulted in the following: 1) of the 33,130 live births in our hospital in 20 years (Jan. 1962-Dec. 1981), 44 of the birth certificates specified cleft lip or palate. This is a ratio of 1.33 cases per 1000 live births. 2) The ratios for left to right to bilateral cleft was 3.4:1.9:1.0. Higher percentage of males than females had cleft lip-palate combined, than cleft lip only. A higher percentage of females had cleft palate only. 3) A positive family history was noted in 151 out of 2422 cases; (6.3%). 4) 45% of the patients had an associated congenital malforation of which heart anomaly was the most common. 5) Lip closure was scheduled to be done within 3 months of age; palate closure was scheduled between 12 to 18 months. 6) The triangular flap method was used for the lip repair. The palate was repaired by the KilnerWardill method in all cases. The operative results were satisfactory m both lip controur and speech. Noting the lack of published reports about this topic, especially among the oricental population, we believe this paper will serve to enhance the knowledge of the field of cleft lip and cleft palate patients in Asia.
Cleft Lip/epidemiology* ; Cleft Lip/genetics ; Cleft Lip/surgery ; Cleft Palate/epidemiology* ; Cleft Palate/genetics ; Cleft Palate/surgery ; Female ; Human ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Male

We present an epidemiologic study of cleft lip and palate in the Republic of Korea from January 1, 1993 through December 31, 1993. In 1993, the number of total live births was 715,817. And from 1993 through 1995, a total of 1,293 new patients with cleft lip and palate who were born in 1993 were identified. The incidence of cleft lip and palate was 1.81 per 1000, that is, 1 per 554 live births. The cleft lip: cleft lip and palate: cleft palate alone ratio was 1.13:1:1.19. The male: female ratio was 2.1:1 in the cleft lip group, and 2.5:1 in the cleft lip and palate group. We could detect a male predominance in both groups. In contrast, the ratio was 0.95:1 in the cleft palate group. The left: right: bilateral ratio was 1.9:1:0.23 in cleft lip group, and the ratio was 2.2:1:1.1 in the cleft lip and palate group. This is the first nation-wide study to provide detailed data on the incidence of cleft lip and palate in the live births in the Republic of Korea.
Cleft Lip/*epidemiology ; Cleft Palate/*epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male

China ; epidemiology ; Cleft Lip ; epidemiology ; Cleft Palate ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Cleft Lip ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Cleft Palate ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Humans ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore evaluation strategies for middle ear dysfunction in cleft palate patients, to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of this dysfunction, and ultimately to improve the comprehensive treatment of cleft palate.

METHODSThe relationship among abnormal tympanic types (B, C, and Anomaly), effusion rate, tympanic pressure, and hearing loss were analyzed. We collected relevant information on 469 ears of cleft palate patients and traced one-year longitudinal changes in the tympana of 124 ears from 62 patients with both cleft lip and cleft palate.

RESULTSThe effusion rates of cleft palate patients with type B, type C, and type Anomaly were 50.3% (97/193), 34.8% (8/23), and 20.9% (53/253), respectively. The tympanic pressure of the ears with and without effusion showed no significant difference (P>0.05). The hearing loss in type B cleft palate patients with middle ear effusion was worse than that in patients without effusion (P=0.001). However, the hearing loss in type Anomaly showed no difference (P>0.05). The constituent ratio of each tympanic type remained constant during the period between cheiloplasty and palatoplasty for cleft lip and palate patients (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONCleft palate patients of all tympanic types may all suffer from middle ear effusion at different rates. Examination by centesis is suggested for ears with abnormal tympanic types. Early aggressive therapy is essential for type B cleft palate patients with middle ear effusion to avoid hearing loss. However, catheterization may be not necessary for type Anomaly patients, and conservative observation should be performed instead. Myringotomy with grommet insertion during palatoplasty does not delay treatment timing for patients with both cleft lip and cleft palateg.

Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Ear, Middle ; physiology ; Humans ; Middle Ear Ventilation ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; diagnosis ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo describe the epidemiological features of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL +/- P) in Chinese perinatals.

METHODSFrom 1996 through 2000, hospital-based cluster sampling method was adopted for collecting data. During that period all live or still births with 28 weeks of gestation or more delivered in monitoring hospitals were assessed within 7 days after birth.

RESULTSThe birth prevalence rates of cleft lip (CL) and of cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) were 5.03/10,000, 8.97/10,000 respectively, then the rate of CL +/- P was 14.0/10,000. The prevalence rates in urban and rural area, in male and female births were 13.28/10,000 and 15.57/10,000, 16.06/10,000 and 11.40/10,000 respectively. Significant difference was found among maternal-age-specific prevalence rates, and the highest one was observed in >or= 35 maternal age group. 87.25% of CL +/- P was isolated forms. No secular trend was found during that period. The perinatal fatality rate of CL +/- P was 19.04%, and the rate in isolated forms was 12.69%, but the rate in syndromic CL +/- P was as high as 62.60%.

CONCLUSIONSNo decline trend in prevalence rate of CL +/- P was observed during 1996 approximately 2000. Compared with prevalence rates of CL +/- P in some foreign countries, it was higher in China during same period.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Cleft Lip ; epidemiology ; Cleft Palate ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Pregnancy ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) and environmental factors in Ningxia population.

METHODSThis case-control study involved 453 NSCL/P patients and 452 normal newborns from Ningxia. A questionnaire focusing on various factors, including family history, pregnancy reaction, drug use during pregnancy, and infections, was used and responses were analyzed through Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis with SPSS 16.0.

RESULTSThe constituent ratio of different types of NSCL/P was cleft lip∶cleft lip and palate∶cleft palate equal to 1︰2.02︰1.51. Logistic regression analysis revealed that abnormal pregnancy, infection, abortion, drugs, drinking, smoking, and living near factories likely increased the risk of NSCL/P (P<0.05). Single fetus, pregnancy-related nausea, vomiting, parents' moderate tastes, and eating soy foods and fruits decreased the risk of NSCL/P (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of NSCL/P should be reduced to enhance the conditions of women during pregnancy by maintaining a balanced diet and avoiding infections, abortion, drugs, and negative habits. 
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Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Cleft Lip ; epidemiology ; Cleft Palate ; epidemiology ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Parents ; Pregnancy ; Smoking

OBJECTIVETo analyse the constitution of 5459 cleft lip and palate cases and to review the development of surgical treatment to them.

METHODSThe data of the 5459 cleft lip and palate cases were collected and classified. The ratio of sex and disease pattern were calculated and analyzed statistically. Also, by means of classification of the disease pattern, the operation methods and the operation time, the change of the surgical methods and the first operation age were analyzed.

RESULTSIn the cleft lip and palate cases, the sex ratio is different. There were obvious differences in the first operative ages in different periods. The main repair methods for cleft lip and palate changed with time.

CONCLUSIONThe male is more than the female in the cleft lip and palate patients. The average first operation age has been decreased and the main repair methods have changed since 1980.

China ; epidemiology ; Cleft Lip ; epidemiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Cleft Palate ; epidemiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Factors ; Statistics as Topic

This prospective study was carried out to provide an clinical data on congenital cleft lip and/or palate. With the data obtained from formal cleft lip and cleft palate sheets taken at the time of admission of 428 patients who had been admitted to Chungnam National University Hospital (December, 1983-October, 1996) and Asan Medical Center(November, 1996-July, 2000), the epidemiological data and influencing factors were studied. The results were as follows, 1.A distribution according to types of cleft were cleft lip alone in 23%, cleft lip with cleft palate in 37% and isolated cleft palate in 40%. 2.For types in cleft lip, the ratio of left side: right side: bilateral was 3.4 : 1.8 : 1.0 3.The ratio of complete type: incomplete type was 0.8 : 1.0 4.The rate of positive prenatal medication history during the first trimester of pregnancy was 39.9% of total patients 5.The percentage of positive family history was 9.3% of total patients 6.The rate of association with other congenital anomalies was 19.7% 7.The social class was not an definitive contributing factor according to monthly income comparison. The authors believe that this prospective study produced more accurate and reliable data in the assessment of the rates in positive family history and congenital anomalies than restropective ones.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Cleft Lip* ; Cleft Palate ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Palate* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Prospective Studies* ; Social Class

Objective To investigate the multiple correspondence of genetic and environmental risk factors with abnormal birth history and provide a scientific basis for improving the birth defects surveillance system and reducing the incidence of birth defects. Methods Data were collected from all the perinatal infants from 28-week-old fetuses to 7-day-old infants born in all the hospitals with obstetrical department in Xi'an from 2003 to 2015. Results A total of 1 236 937 perinatal infants were surveyed,including 10 619 with birth defects.The average incidence rate of birth defects was 0.86% (0.70%-1.15%).Multiple correspondence analysis showed that the women who had had 1 or 2 children with birth defects were associated with the history of spontaneous abortion,family history of birth defects,and history of exposure to toxic and harmful substances.The women who had had 3 or more children with birth defects showed stronger association with family history of birth defects.The birth defects in women with history of spontaneous abortion (257/10 619) was ranked in the order of congenital heart disease,polydactyly,neural tube defects,congenital hydrocephalus,cleft lip with cleft palate,and simple cleft lip.The birth defects in women who had given birth to children with birth defects (135/10 619) followed the order of cleft lip with cleft palate,anencephaly,hydrocephalus,neural tube defects,cleft lip,and talipes equinovarus. Conclusions Abnormal birth history is associated with family history of birth defects and history of exposure to environmental risk factors.Giving birth to three or more children with birth defects is highly correlated with the family history of birth defects.
Child ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Cleft Lip/etiology* ; Cleft Palate/complications* ; Reproductive History ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Neural Tube Defects/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors