1.Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger using different substrates
Chirova Travers Kudzai ; Kumar Ajay ; Panwar Ambika
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2016;12(3):199-204
Aims: Citric acid is a commercially important acid that has many applications in varying sectors of industries. It is
produced by various substrates through solid state or submerged fermentation. The capabilities of potato and rice as
substrates for citric acid production using Aspergillus niger were tested in this experiment under submerged
fermentation.
Methodology and results: Potato and rice extract media were prepared and inoculated with A. niger and titrations were
carried out to determine the amount of citric acid produced. It was shown that rice extract media proved more useful
than potato extract media as it produced the highest citric acid production. Rice extract media was supplemented with
varying concentrations of glucose and sucrose and 5% sucrose (w/v) proved to be the best as it produced the highest
amount of citric acid. The rice extract media with 5% sucrose (w/v) were supplemented with varying concentrations of
ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate and 0.25% ammonium nitrate proved more effective in citric acid production.
A low pH (1.9-2.3) was found during the maximum production of citric acid.
Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The results depict that potato and rice extract media can produce citric
acid, hence providing an alternate substrate for citric acid production.
Citric Acid
2.Renal localization of Ga-67 citrate in noninfectious nephritis.
Kang Wook LEE ; Min Soo JEONG ; Sunn Kgoo RHEE ; Sam yong KIM ; Young Tai SHIN ; Heung Kyu RO
Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1992;26(2):318-326
No abstract available.
Citric Acid*
;
Nephritis*
3.Citric Acid as an Alternative to Boric Acid in the Treatment of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Basavraj NAGOBA ; Milind DAVANE
Korean Journal of Family Medicine 2019;40(4):278-279
No abstract available.
Citric Acid
;
Otitis Media, Suppurative
4.Titania nanotube template based synthesis of gold nanotubes and their antibacterial activity
Kyung Suk MOON ; Sang Hoon OH ; Chan Gwoun JEOUNG ; Ji Myung BAE ; Seunghan OH
Korean Journal of Dental Materials 2018;45(1):35-44
In this study, gold nanotubes were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition using a titania nanotube layer as a template, and then the surface characteristics, biocompatibility and antibacterial effect of gold nanotubes were evaluated. Gold nanotubes of 100 nm diameter were fabricated by depositing 4 nm and 15 nm gold nanoparticles on anodized 100 nm titania nanotubes by citrate reduction and electrophoretic deposition. As a result of the UV-Vis diffuse spectrophotometer, 4 nm and 15 nm gold nanotubes showed strong absorption at 702~774 nm and 753~760 nm, respectively. Also, the maximum absorption wavelength was shifted to the longer wavelength as the coating time of the gold nanoparticles increased. FE-SEM observation and EDX analysis resulted that 0.1~0.5 wt% gold nanoparticles uniformly were stacked on the top layer of titania nanotubes. As a result of MTT cell test, the relative absorbance value of all experimental groups after 24 hours and 48 hours of incubation exceeded 70% indicating excellent biocompatibility. The effect of the near infrared laser light on the adhesion and growth of gold nanotubes showed excellent antibacterial activity regardless of the coating time of gold nanoparticles. Therefore, it is confirmed that the gold nanotube coating technology based on the titania nanotube template is supposed to be highly applicable to a titanium implant surface treatment technology with the remote control thermal treatment of a near-infrared laser.
Absorption
;
Citric Acid
;
Nanoparticles
;
Nanotubes
;
Titanium
5.Can Sodium Citrate Effectively Improve Olfactory Function in Non-Conductive Olfactory Dysfunction?
Subin KIM ; Haram KANG ; Ho Jun JIN ; Se Hwan HWANG
Korean Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2019;62(2):75-81
The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature for application of intranasal sodium citrate in the patients with olfactory dysfunction to help determine the sodium citrate treatments for this condition. Two authors independently searched the data base (Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane database) for relevant studies from inception to January 2018. Included studies were randomized controlled studies published in English comparing topical sodium citrate application (treatment group) with saline (control group) in patients who had olfactory dysfunction. Outcomes of interest included the change of olfactory identification and threshold during 2 hours post-treatment. Three studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Compared with control group, treatment group did not increase posttreatment score of olfactory identification [standardized mean difference (SMD)=-0.03; 95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.29-0.24; I²=0%] and olfactory threshold (SMD=0.18; 95% CI=-0.09-0.45; I²=0%) significantly. In the degree of pre-post improvement of two outcomes, although treatment group statistically showed the significant improvement in olfactory threshold (SMD=0.30; 95% CI=0.05-0.55; I²=17%), the clinical significance of this outcome was meaningless. Similarly, there was no significant difference in olfactory identification between two groups (SMD=0.17; 95% CI=-0.11-0.45; I²=22%). Unlike the recent favorable results, our summated results presented the uselessness for the local application of sodium citrate in improving patient's olfactory function. However, we also had some limitation such as small sample size and inconsistent application methods. Therefore, larger trials and standardized methodology are needed to reach more stronger and exact results.
Citric Acid
;
Humans
;
Sample Size
;
Sodium
6.Mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of PLA/PCL films.
Heeseok JEONG ; Jeongwon RHO ; Ji Yeon SHIN ; Deuk Yong LEE ; Taeseon HWANG ; Kwang J KIM
Biomedical Engineering Letters 2018;8(3):267-272
Thermodynamically immiscible poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were blended and solution-cast by adding the 3% compatibilizer (tributyl citrate, TBC) of the PCL weight. In the PLA/PCL composition range of 99/1–95/5 wt%, mechanical properties of the PLA/PCL films with TBC were always superior to those of the films without TBC. The tensile strength of 42.9 ± 3.5 MPa and the elongation at break of 10.3 ± 2.7% were observed for the 93/7 PLA/PCL films without TBC, indicating that PCL addition is effective for strength and ductility. However, the tensile strength of 54.1 ± 3.4 MPa and the elongation at break of 8.8 ± 1.8% were found for the 95/5 PLA/PCL with TBC, indicating that the effect of co-addition of PCL and TBC on mechanical properties of the films is more pronounced. No cytotoxicity was observed for the PLA/PCL films regardless of TBC addition.
Cell Proliferation
;
Citric Acid
;
Tensile Strength
8.Effect of acidic solutions on the microhardness of dentin and set OrthoMTA and their cytotoxicity on murine macrophage.
Soram OH ; Hiran PERINPANAYAGAM ; Yoon LEE ; Jae Won KUM ; Yeon Jee YOO ; Sang Min LIM ; Seok Woo CHANG ; Won Jun SHON ; Woocheol LEE ; Seung Ho BAEK ; Kee Yeon KUM
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics 2016;41(1):12-21
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of three acids on the microhardness of set mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and root dentin, and cytotoxicity on murine macrophage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OrthoMTA (BioMTA) was mixed and packed into the human root dentin blocks of 1.5 mm diameter and 5 mm height. Four groups, each of ten roots, were exposed to 10% citric acid (CA), 5% glycolic acid (GA), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and saline for five minutes after setting of the OrthoMTA. Vickers surface microhardness of set MTA and dentin was measured before and after exposure to solutions, and compared between groups using one-way ANOVA with Tukey test. The microhardness value of each group was analyzed using student t test. Acid-treated OrthoMTA and dentin was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Cell viability of tested solutions was assessed using WST-8 assay and murine macrophage. RESULTS: Three test solutions reduced microhardness of dentin. 17% EDTA demonstrated severe dentinal erosion, significantly reduced the dentinal microhardness compared to 10% CA (p = 0.034) or 5% GA (p = 0.006). 10% CA or 5% GA significantly reduced the surface microhardness of set MTA compared to 17% EDTA and saline (p < 0.001). Acid-treated OrthoMTA demonstrated microporous structure with destruction of globular crystal. EDTA exhibited significantly more cellular toxicity than the other acidic solutions at diluted concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 1.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Tested acidic solutions reduced microhardness of root dentin. Five minute's application of 10% CA and 5% GA significantly reduced the microhardness of set OrthoMTA with lower cellular cytotoxicity compared to 17% EDTA.
Cell Survival
;
Citric Acid
;
Dentin*
;
Edetic Acid
;
Humans
;
Macrophages*
;
Pemetrexed
9.Effect of acidic solutions on the microhardness of dentin and set OrthoMTA and their cytotoxicity on murine macrophage.
Soram OH ; Hiran PERINPANAYAGAM ; Yoon LEE ; Jae Won KUM ; Yeon Jee YOO ; Sang Min LIM ; Seok Woo CHANG ; Won Jun SHON ; Woocheol LEE ; Seung Ho BAEK ; Kee Yeon KUM
Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics 2016;41(1):12-21
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of three acids on the microhardness of set mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and root dentin, and cytotoxicity on murine macrophage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OrthoMTA (BioMTA) was mixed and packed into the human root dentin blocks of 1.5 mm diameter and 5 mm height. Four groups, each of ten roots, were exposed to 10% citric acid (CA), 5% glycolic acid (GA), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and saline for five minutes after setting of the OrthoMTA. Vickers surface microhardness of set MTA and dentin was measured before and after exposure to solutions, and compared between groups using one-way ANOVA with Tukey test. The microhardness value of each group was analyzed using student t test. Acid-treated OrthoMTA and dentin was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Cell viability of tested solutions was assessed using WST-8 assay and murine macrophage. RESULTS: Three test solutions reduced microhardness of dentin. 17% EDTA demonstrated severe dentinal erosion, significantly reduced the dentinal microhardness compared to 10% CA (p = 0.034) or 5% GA (p = 0.006). 10% CA or 5% GA significantly reduced the surface microhardness of set MTA compared to 17% EDTA and saline (p < 0.001). Acid-treated OrthoMTA demonstrated microporous structure with destruction of globular crystal. EDTA exhibited significantly more cellular toxicity than the other acidic solutions at diluted concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 1.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Tested acidic solutions reduced microhardness of root dentin. Five minute's application of 10% CA and 5% GA significantly reduced the microhardness of set OrthoMTA with lower cellular cytotoxicity compared to 17% EDTA.
Cell Survival
;
Citric Acid
;
Dentin*
;
Edetic Acid
;
Humans
;
Macrophages*
;
Pemetrexed
10.Effects of citrate pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-TRIS(CPT) antivoagulant on spurious low platelet counts caused by EDTA.
Hee Jung KANG ; Woon Heung SONG ; Han Ik CHO ; Sang In KIM
Korean Journal of Hematology 1991;26(1):47-50
No abstract available.
Blood Platelets*
;
Citric Acid*
;
Edetic Acid*
;
Platelet Count*
;
Pyridoxal*