Human ; Infant ; Child ; Comprehension ; Cities

BACKGROUND: The global rise in diabetes prevalence is a pressing concern. Despite initiatives like "The Healthy Beijing Action 2020-2030" advocating for increased awareness, treatment, and control, the specific situation in Beijing remains unexplored. This study aimed to analyze the trends in diabetes prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control among Beijing adults. METHODS: Through a stratified multistage probability cluster sampling method, a series of representative cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Beijing from 2005 to 2022, targeting adults aged 18-79 years. A face-to-face questionnaire, along with body measurements and laboratory tests, were administered to 111,943 participants. Data from all survey were age- and/or gender-standardized based on the 2020 Beijing census population. Annual percentage rate change (APC) or average annual percentage rate change (AAPC) was calculated to determine prevalence trends over time. Complex sampling logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between various characteristics and diabetes. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2022, the total prevalence of diabetes among Beijing adults aged 18-79 years increased from 9.6% (95% CI: 8.8-10.4%) to 13.9% (95% CI: 13.1-14.7%), with an APC/AAPC of 2.1% (95% CI: 1.1-3.2%, P <0.05). Significant increases were observed among adults aged 18-39 years and rural residents. Undiagnosed diabetes rose from 3.5% (95% CI: 3.2-4.0%) to 7.2% (95% CI: 6.6-7.9%) with an APC/AAPC of 4.1% (95% CI: 0.5-7.3%, P <0.05). However, diabetes awareness and treatment rates showed annual declines of 1.4% (95% CI: -3.0% to -0.2%, P <0.05) and 1.3% (95% CI: -2.6% to -0.2%, P <0.05), respectively. The diabetes control rate decreased from 21.5% to 19.1%, although not statistically significant (APC/AAPC = -1.5%, 95% CI: -5.6% to 1.9%). Overweight and obesity were identified as risk factors for diabetes, with ORs of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.38-1.98) and 2.48 (95% CI: 2.07-2.99), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of diabetes in Beijing has significantly increased between 2005 and 2022, particularly among young adults and rural residents. Meanwhile, there has been a concerning decrease in diabetes awareness and treatment rates, while control rates have remained stagnant. Regular blood glucose testing, especially among adults aged 18-59 years, should be warranted. Furthermore, being male, elderly, overweight, or obese was associated with higher diabetes risk, suggesting the needs for targeted management strategies.
Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; China/epidemiology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Polytrauma is still a challenge for health care organizations. Today, the search for factors to reduce lethality continues. This study aims to describe the causes of death associated with polytrauma in 1 year. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed autopsy data of trauma deaths in Moscow for the whole of 2017. We identified victims with polytrauma, taking into account the Berlin definition as the main inclusion criteria with penetrating and blunt trauma. Each forensic report had information about the pre-hospital and hospital stages of treatment and autopsy data. The exclusion criteria for this study were: isolated injury, forensic reports not related to the examination of entire corpses, and autopsy studies of children (<18 years old). Statistical analysis was performed according to basic principles, including a comparison of groups using the Chi-squared test with Bonferroni comparison test and Fisher's exact test. The critical level of significance (p value) in testing statistical hypotheses in this study was taken as 0.05. RESULTS: We analyzed 2337 forensic medical examinations of victims who died of trauma in Moscow in 2017, of which 41.5% (n = 969) were polytrauma deaths. Most of the victims (65.4%, n = 634) died on the scene, and only 30.0% were admitted to the hospital. The most frequent cause of death was bleeding (72.0%, n = 698), followed by traumatic brain injury (43.8%, n = 424). They accounted for the first peak (78.4%, p = 0.005) of deaths, occurring in the first hours. Then these causes of death in the first peak go down in a few hours, and the second peak of mortality appears in 3 - 7 days (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is the largest full-year autopsy study of polytrauma victims. Our data show that the main cause of polytrauma death is massive bleeding, with a lethality peak in the first hours after injury. The time distribution of polytrauma deaths has a bimodal pattern - the second period of polytrauma deaths occurs in 3 - 7 days.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Moscow/epidemiology* ; Autopsy ; Multiple Trauma/mortality* ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Middle Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cause of Death ; Young Adult ; Infant ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over

OBJECTIVE: To explore the synergistic effect of flumatinib (FLU) combined with histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide (CHI) and underlying mechanism on Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph⁺ ALL) SUP-B15 cells. METHODS: CCK-8 method was used to examine the effects of FLU, CHI alone and combination therapy on the proliferation of SUP-B15 cells. Flow cytometry was utilized to analyze the cell cycle and apoptosis. RT-qPCR and Western blot methods were performed to detect target gene expression. RESULTS: FLU combined with CHI significantly inhibited the proliferation, induced G₀/G₁ phase arrest, and increased the apoptosis rate in SUP-B15 cells compared with FLU and CHI alone. The 50 genes were identified by overlapping the two drugs' targets of action with Ph⁺ ALL oncogenic genes in the public databases, and p53 and c-Myc transcription factors and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were enriched in the overlapped genes. The combination of FLU and CHI significantly reduced the mRNA level of BCR::ABL fusion gene, up-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of p53, BAX, and Caspase-3, and down-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of c-Myc, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, and AKT2 compared with single-drug therapy. The analysis of GEO database and our center cohort showed that c-Myc, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, and AKT2 were significantly up-regulated while p53 was down-regulated in Ph⁺ ALL patients compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION FLU combined with CHI synergistically inhibits cell proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and induces cycle arrest by targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through the p53/c-Myc axis in Ph⁺ ALL.
Humans ; Aminopyridines/pharmacology* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Benzamides/pharmacology* ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; Drug Synergism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Signal Transduction ; Pyridines/pharmacology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism*

BACKGROUND: Children's respiratory health demonstrates particular sensitivity to air pollution. Existing evidence investigating the association between short-term ozone (O₃) exposure and childhood pneumonia remains insufficient and inconsistent, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHOD: To provide more reliable and persuasive evidence, we implemented a multi-city, time-stratified case-crossover design with a large sample size, using data from seven representative children's hospitals across major geographical regions in China. To avoid the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, individual-level medical records of inpatient children under 6 years of age diagnosed with pneumonia during 2016-2019 were collected. Conditional logistic regression models were fitted for each city, and city-specific estimates were pooled through a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. RESULTS: In total, the study included 137,470 pediatric pneumonia hospital admissions. The highest pooled estimate for O₃ occurred at lag0-1, with a 10 µg/m³ increase in O₃ associated with a 1.57% (95% CI: 0.67%-2.48%) higher risk of pediatric pneumonia hospital admissions. Stratified analyses indicated that the effects of O₃ were robust across different sexes, age groups, and admission seasons. We also observed a statistically significant increase in risk associated with O₃ concentrations exceeding the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines (WHO-AQGs). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a significant positive association between O₃ and pediatric pneumonia hospital admissions. Our findings substantially strengthen the evidence base for the adverse health impacts of O₃, underscoring the importance of O₃ pollution control and management in reducing the public health burden of pediatric pneumonia.
Humans ; Ozone/analysis* ; China/epidemiology* ; Pneumonia/chemically induced* ; Child, Preschool ; Male ; Female ; Infant ; Cross-Over Studies ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data* ; Child ; Cities/epidemiology* ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Infant, Newborn ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects*

BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study examined meal patterns based on daily energy intake distribution and their associations with nutrient and food intake, diet quality, and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: Body height, weight, habitual dietary intake and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2020 score by eating occasion were assessed using the validated Meal-based Diet History Questionnaire among employees (465 males and 193 females aged 20-75 years) in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Meal patterns were extracted based on % energy intake from breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks using K-means clustering by sex. Dietary intake, HEI-2020 score, and BMI were then compared between sex-specific meal patterns. RESULTS: The identified patterns were "large lunch and dinner" (n = 299), "three meals-balanced" (n = 97), and "large dinner" (n = 69) patterns in males and "large dinner" (n = 79); "large afternoon snack" (n = 54) and "large lunch" (n = 60) patterns in females. The HEI-2020 scores were the highest for dinner, followed by breakfast, lunch, and snacks in any meal pattern. Males with the "large dinner" pattern had lower intakes of rice, bread, carbohydrates, dietary fibre, and thiamine; higher intake of alcoholic beverages; and higher HEI-2020 scores than those with other patterns. Females with a "large dinner" pattern had a lower intake of bread, confectionery, total and saturated fats, and carbohydrates; higher intake of fish, meat, and alcoholic beverages; higher HEI-2020 scores; and lower BMI. Thus, a meal pattern with higher energy intake distribution at dinner was associated with higher diet quality among males and females and lower BMI among females in Japanese workers. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that improving the quality of the meal with the highest energy contribution could help enhance overall dietary quality and metabolism.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Energy Intake ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Aged ; Meals ; Young Adult ; Tokyo ; Feeding Behavior ; Diet/statistics & numerical data*

BACKGROUND: The protective effectiveness of an N95 respirator depends on the filtration efficiency of the material from which the N95 respirator is made of, as well as the wearers' facial fit. The facial fit of an N95 respirator mainly depends on the degree of matching between the wearers' facial dimension characteristics and the N95 respirator. Quantitative fit testing objectively evaluates the fit of N95 respirators; however, it is not easy to promote because of the limitations of testing conditions. The aim of this study is to establish a fit prediction model of N95 respirator based on facial images. METHODS: Facial images and fit factor (FF) value of 5 N95 respirators were gathered from 299 medical staffs in 10 hospitals in Beijing. Face geometry measurement was based on 3D face modelling, and the American TSI-8038 Porta Count Pro+ was used to conduct quantitative fit test. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify facial dimensional features that significantly influenced the fit of N95 respirators. Through matching training of facial image and FF values, a fit prediction model has been established, enabling rapid recommendation of N95 respirators meeting the fit standard via facial image recognition. RESULTS: A fit prediction model for N95 respirators based on facial images has been developed, which enables the rapid recommendation of N95 respirators with acceptable FF value for healthcare personnel. The model demonstrated an accuracy of 55.93%, a precision of 98.43%, a recall of 51.65%, and an F1 score of 0.68. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to utilize computer-based facial recognition technology to rapidly recommend N95 respirators for medical personnel. Given the high level of accuracy achieved, the model demonstrates significant potential for practical application.
Humans ; Face/anatomy & histology* ; N95 Respirators/standards* ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Beijing

OBJECTIVES: To analyze bone mass distribution and the factors affecting bone mass in a general Chinese Han cohort undergoing physical examinations at our center. METHODS: We retrospectively collected the data of bone mineral density (BMD) measurements from 30 599 healthy Han Chinese adults (age≥20 years) who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans at our hospital from July, 2013 to July, 2023. Basic parameters including height, body weight, and gender were recorded, and descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed using R software. RESULTS: In this cohort, the male individuals had a mean peak BMD of 1.00±0.12 g/cm² in the lumbar vertebrae, 0.94±0.14 g/cm² in the femoral neck, and 0.99±0.13 g/cm² in the total hip, significantly higher than the values in the female individuals [0.99±0.12 g/cm² in the lumbar vertebrae (P=0.022), 0.79±0.11 g/cm² in the femoral neck (P<0.001), and 0.88±0.11 g/cm² in the total hip (P<0.001)]. In the overall cohort, the BMD values of the lumbar spine and femur decreased with age after reaching their peak levels. There was a positive correlation between BMD value and body mass index (BMI) in both male and female individuals. The 2013-2014 period recorded the lowest BMD values in the lumbar, hip, and femoral neck, which tended to increase steadily in the following years (2015-2023). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the BMD values vary among different populations, and future multi-center studies using more accurate BMD detection technology are warranted to capture the variation patterns of BMD with demographic characteristics of specific populations.
Humans ; Bone Density ; Absorptiometry, Photon ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging* ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging* ; China/epidemiology* ; Femur Neck/diagnostic imaging* ; Aged ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To assess health equity in the Yangtze River region to improve understanding of the correlation between hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and socioeconomic factors. METHODS: From 2014-2016, data on HFMD incidence, population statistics, economic indicators, and meteorology from 26 cities along the Yangtze River were analyzed. A multi-city random-effects meta-analysis was performed to study the relationship between temperature and HFMD transmission, and health equity was assessed with respect to socio-economic impact. RESULTS: Over the study period, 919,458 HFMD cases were reported, with Shanghai (162,303) having the highest incidence and Tongling (5,513) having the lowest. Males were more commonly affected (male-to-female ratio, 1.49:1). The exposure-response relationship had an M-shaped curve, with two HFMD peaks occurring at 4 °C and 26 °C. The relative risk had two peaks at 1.30 °C (1.834, 95% CI: 1.204-2.794) and 31.4 °C (1.143, 95% CI: 0.901-1.451), forming an M shape, with the first peak higher than the second. The most significant impact of temperature on HFMD was observed between -2 °C and 18.1 °C. The concentration index (0.2463) indicated moderate concentration differences, whereas the Theil index (0.0418) showed low inequality in distribution. CONCLUSION The incidence of HFMD varied across cities, particularly with changes in temperature. Economically prosperous areas showed higher risks, indicating disparities. Targeted interventions in these areas are crucial for mitigating the risk of HFMD.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; China/epidemiology* ; Cities/epidemiology* ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/transmission* ; Incidence ; Risk Factors ; Temperature

OBJECTIVE: Recombination events are common and serve as the primary driving force of diverse human adenovirus (HAdV), particularly in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs). Therefore, continual monitoring of these events is essential for effective viral surveillance and control. METHODS: Respiratory specimens were collected from children with ARIs between January 2022 and December 2023. The penton base, hexon, and fiber genes were amplified from HAdV-positive specimens and sequenced to determine the virus type. In cases with inconsistent typing results, genes were cloned into the pGEM-T vector to detect recombination events. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was performed to characterize the recombinant HAdV genomes. RESULTS: Among 6,771 specimens, 277 (4.09%, 277/6,771) were positvie for HAdV, of which 157 (56.68%, 157/277) were successfully typed, with HAdV-B3 being the dominant type (91.08%, 143/157), and 14 (5.05%, 14/277) exhibited inconsistent typing results, six of which belonged to species B. The penton base genes of these six specimens were classified as HAdV-B7, whereas their hexon and fiber genes were classified as HAdV-B3, resulting in a recombinant genotype designated P7H3F3, which closely resembled HAdV-B114. Additionally, a partial gene encoding L1 52/55 kD was identified, which originated from HAdV-B16. CONCLUSION A novel recombinant, P7H3F3, was identified, containing sequences derived from HAdV-B3 and HAdV-B7, which is similar to HAdV-B114, along with additional sequences from HAdV-B16.
Humans ; Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification* ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology* ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Recombination, Genetic ; Male ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; Infant ; Female ; Phylogeny ; Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology* ; Acute Disease ; Genome, Viral