BACKGROUND/AIMS: We retrospectively analyzed comparative toxicities and efficacies of chemotherapy regimens in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients who achieved complete response (CR) after chemotherapy. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 1,203 patients, who were pathologically diagnosed as AGC in a single center between January 2001 and October 2007. On the basis of the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, CR was evaluated with abdominal computed tomography. Toxicities were evaluated using the National Cancer Institute's common toxicity criteria before each chemotherapy cycle. RESULTS: Among the 1,203 AGC patients enrolled in this study, 568 received chemotherapy and 635 received best supportive care. The major chemotherapy regimens were 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX), docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) and 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan (FOLFIRI). Among the 568 patients, 51 (9.0%) achieved CR (49 [8.6%] with FOLFOX [n=12], DCF [n=26], or FOLFIRI [n=11] and 2 [0.3%] with etoposide, leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil). For patients administered FOLFOX, DCF, and FOLFIRI, the median time to disease progression was 4 months (range, 1.8-59.5), 15 months (range, 2.9-31.2) and 10 months (range, 2.0-39.5), and the median survival times were 48 months (range, 5.9-74.0), 37 months (range, 14.0-86.0), and 30 months (range, 6.0-50.0), respectively. Grades 3-4 mucositis occurred mostly in patients administered DCF (n=8, 30.8%). Grades 3-4 leucopenia were observed in 1 (8.3%), 11 (42.3%), and 4 (36.4%) patients administered FOLFOX, DCF and FOLFIRI, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed in the 3 regimens. CONCLUSIONS: All 3 regimens (FOLFOX, DCF and FOLFIRI) were active and tolerable. Their efficacies and toxicities were not significantly different.
Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use/toxicity ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Cisplatin/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Fluorouracil/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Humans ; Leucovorin/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Leukopenia/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucositis/etiology ; Nausea/etiology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Organoplatinum Compounds/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/*drug therapy/mortality ; Survival Rate ; Taxoids/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vomiting/etiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of Armillariella tabescens on cisplatin chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal tract reaction.

METHODSForty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into control group, model group, low dose Armillariella tabescens group, middle dose Armillariella tabescens group, high dose Armillariella tabescens group and ondansetron group. The rats were injected intraperitoneally with cisplatin to induce pica, and observe the effect of Armillariella tabescens on consumption of kaolin, food, water and body weight.

RESULTS24-72 h after cisplatin administration, in the middle dose Armillariella tabescens group, the high dose Armillariella tabescens group and the ondansetron group, the kaolin intake was significantly lower than that in the model group, respectively (P<0.05). The most significant difference was between the high dose Armillariella tabescens group [(0.58 +/- 0.23) g/24 h] and the control group [(2.16 +/- 0.98) g/24 h] at 24 h after cisplatin administration. The variables, such as consumption of food during 48-72 h (P<0.05), water during 48-72 h (P<0.05), and body weight at 72 h (P<0.05) in the middle dose Armillariella tabescens group were significantly higher than those in the model group, but no statistically significant difference between the ondansetron group and the model group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSArmillariella tabescens can effectively inhibit the cisplatin-induced pica response, and the middle dose Armillariella tabescens group is significantly better than the model group in improving the food intake reduction, water intake reduction and body weight loss.

Agaricales ; chemistry ; Animals ; Antiemetics ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; toxicity ; Biological Therapy ; methods ; Body Weight ; Cisplatin ; toxicity ; Drinking ; Eating ; Kaolin ; Male ; Ondansetron ; therapeutic use ; Pica ; chemically induced ; therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

5-Lipoxygenase inhibitor and human recombinant erythropoietin might accelerate renal recovery in cisplatin-induced acute renal failure rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: 1) normal controls; 2) Cisplatin group-cisplatin induced acute renal failure (ARF) plus vehicle treatment; 3) Cisplatin+nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) group-cisplatin induced ARF plus 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor treatment; 4) Cisplatin+erythropoietin (EPO) group-cisplatin induced ARF plus erythropoietin treatment. On day 10 (after 7 daily injections of NDGA or EPO), urea nitrogen and serum Cr concentrations were significantly lower in the Cisplatin+NDGA and Cisplatin+EPO groups than in the Cisplatin group, and 24 hr urine Cr clearances were significantly higher in the Cisplatin+EPO group than in the Cisplatin group. Semiquantitative assessments of histological lesions did not produce any significant differences between the three treatment groups. Numbers of PCNA(+) cells were significantly higher in Cisplatin, Cisplatin+NDGA, and Cisplatin+EPO groups than in normal controls. Those PCNA(+) cells were significantly increased in Cisplatin+NDGA group. These results suggest that EPO and also NDGA accelerate renal function recovery by stimulating tubular epithelial cell regeneration.
Animals ; Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase/administration & dosage ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Cisplatin/*toxicity ; Creatinine/urine ; Epithelial Cells/drug effects ; Erythropoietin/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Failure, Acute/*chemically induced/*drug therapy ; Kidney Tubules/drug effects ; Male ; Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid/*therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) can decrease the extent of ovarian follicle loss caused by cisplatin treatment. METHODS: Twenty-one adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Fourteen rats were administered 2 mg/kg/day cisplatin by intraperitoneal injection twice per week for five weeks (total of 20 mg/kg). Half of the rats (n=7) were treated with 1 mL/kg/day physiological saline, and the other half (n=7) were treated with 100 microg/kg/day G-CSF. The remaining rats (n=7, control group) received no therapy. The animals were then euthanized, and both ovaries were obtained from all animals, fixed in 10% formalin, and stored at 4degrees C for paraffin sectioning. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and stored at -30degrees C for hormone assays. RESULTS: All follicle counts (primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary) and serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels were significantly increased in the cisplatin+G-CSF group compared to the cisplatin+physiological saline group. CONCLUSION: G-CSF was beneficial in decreasing the severity of follicle loss in an experimental rat model of cisplatin chemotherapy.
Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone/blood ; Antineoplastic Agents/*toxicity ; Biological Markers/blood ; Cisplatin/*toxicity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods ; Female ; Fertility Preservation/methods ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/*therapeutic use ; Ovarian Follicle/drug effects/pathology ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/blood/chemically induced/pathology/*prevention & control ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley