No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Biofeedback, Psychology* ; Motor Neurons*

No abstract available.
Gait* ; Paraparesis*

No abstract available.
Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Musculocutaneous Nerve* ; Reference Values*

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of new neuromuscular symptoms and disabilities and the psychological characteristics-depressioin, anxiety, type A behavior, loneliness, and also to determine any relationships between physical and neuropsychological characteristics in a group of post-polio syndrome (PPS). METHOD: By 70 answered questionnaire, the polio survivors were grouped into PPS and Non- PPS. This questionnaire consisted of questions about acute polio problems; new health problems, fatigue severity scale, visual analog scale, weakness scale, Frenchay activity index, ambulation disability index; socio-economic problems; neuro-psychological inventories, Beck depression index, Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory, revised UCLA loneliness scale, type A personality score. RESULTS: The median time from polio to the onset of new health problems was 27.6 years. Fatigue, muscle and/or joint pain, weakness in previously affected and unaffected muscles were most common newly appearing problems. The symptoms of PPS was consistent with the distribution of the anterior horn cell; spinal cord, brain stem, cerebral hemisphere, Reticular Activating System (RAS). Neuro-psychological evaluations revealed that fatigue scale was correlated with depression, type A personality. CONCLUSION: In PPS group, pain, weakness, fatigue, autonomous symptoms, decreased concentration were more serious than in Non-PPS group. The fatigue in PPS group was correlated with type A personality, depression, sleep disturbance and concentration problem.
Anterior Horn Cells ; Anxiety ; Arthralgia ; Brain Stem ; Cerebrum ; Depression ; Equipment and Supplies ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Korea* ; Loneliness ; Muscle Fatigue ; Muscles ; Poliomyelitis ; Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome* ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Spinal Cord ; Survivors ; Type A Personality ; Visual Analog Scale ; Walking

The effect of electrical nerve stimulation are controversial because of the inconsistent variables of stimulating current and electrophysiologic study. The purposes of this study are to reconfirm the electrophysiolgic changes by electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerve that had been reported in 1993, and to monitor how long they will be maintained. In this study, the following conditioning stimulations were applied to 20 healthy volunteers; interferential current (frequency: 80 - 100 Hz, intensity: 27 - 34 mA) on the sacral paraspinal area. The H reflex, the Fresponse, and the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) of the tibial nerve were evaluated as the electrophysiologic study before, immediately after, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes after the above conditioning stimulation. The following results were obtained; 1) Latencies of the H reflex, the F response and the SEP (P1), and the F wave conduction time, the F wave conduction velocity and the F ratio in the tibial nerve conduction study were increased by conditioning stimulation of the proximal peripheral nerves (P>0.01). 2) Changes of the amplitude of the H reflex, the H/M ratio, and the amplitude (P1N1) of the tibial SEP were not significant in the same conditioning stimulation (P>0.05). 3) Prolongations of the latencies of H reflex, F response and P1 SEP of the tibial nerve were the most significant immediately after conditioning stimulation and sustained for 45 minutes after conditioning on average (P<0.01). The above results suggest that certain conditional electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerves causes reversible changes in the conduction of the H reflex, the F response and the SEP and they may be inhibitory effect of the proximal conduction via the spinal cord.
Electric Stimulation* ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; H-Reflex ; Healthy Volunteers ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Spinal Cord ; Tibial Nerve

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship of the respiration patterns and the abdominal muscle activities during various speech productions in the adults with athetoid cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD: Subjects were 7 athetoid CPs and 7 healthy controls. Respirography and abdominal muscle activities were recorded by use of the pneumobelt and the surface EMG during their performances of six kinds of non-speech and speech tasks. RESULTS: The followings were observed in the athetoid CP. 1) Respiratory phase was irregular and variable in the intensity and period of revolution. The frequency of the respiratory phase was not different from the control in usual respiration, but higher in deep breathing. The time to persist one vowel phonation was shorter. 2) Inappropriate and frequent inspirations were occurred during speech task and the number of syllables was fewer and irregular for one speech breath. 3) The abdominal muscle activities were abrupt, irregular, inconsistent with the respiratory phase during all kinds of non-speech and speech tasks. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the abnormal respiration patterns and abdominal muscle activities contribute to the abnormal speech production of athetoid CP and their incoordination is similar to athetoid movement of the extremities. We should consider the athetoid speech production as well as the dysarthria in the athetoid CP.
Abdominal Muscles* ; Adult ; Ataxia ; Athetosis ; Cerebral Palsy ; Dysarthria ; Extremities ; Humans ; Phonation ; Respiration*

OBJECTIVE: To observe the prognostic value of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) for prediction of cerebral palsy (CP) in the high-risk neonates. METHOD: Eighty-one high-risk neonates were subjected to take the history of illness, neurological examination, developmental assessment, BAEP study within one month after birth. They had been checked for detection and management of the CP in period of 12 to 56 months after birth. Associating factors were observed about their gestational age at birth, 1-minute Apgar score, history of asphyxia and/or intubation, and hyperbilirubinemia and/or exchange transfusion. RESULTS: Abnormal BAEP findings were seen in 38 of 81 (46.9%) high-risk neonates and 6 of 81 (7.4%) were diagnosed as a CP. Five of 6 CPs and 42 of 75 non-CPs had been abnormal in BAEP study. Neonatal BAEP study showed 83.3% sensitivity, 44% specificity, 98.4% false positive and 2.9% false negative in predicting CP. Asphyxia showed high correlation with abnormality of BAEP and CP (p<0.01). Gestational age, low birth weight, toxemia, germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) grade II and intubation were correlated with CP (p<0.05) but not with the abnormality of BAEP. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that BAEP study of high-risk neonate is useful in prediction of CP because of low false negative and high sensitivity.
Apgar Score ; Asphyxia ; Brain Stem* ; Cerebral Palsy ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem* ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intubation ; Neurologic Examination ; Parturition ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Toxemia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes of the respiratory patterns associated with swallowing in athetoid cerebral palsied patients (CP), and to understand its relationship with their dysphagia and aspiration. METHOD: Seven adult athetoid CP and seven control subjects were selected for this study. Each subject performed swallowing tasks in upright sitting position, and submental electromyography and respirography by pneumobelt on mid-abdomen were recorded simultaneously. Swallowing tasks were composed of swallowing 5 cc, 75 cc of water, and chewing a cookie. And athetoid subjects performed videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) for each food texture. RESULTS: 1) In athetoid CP, respiratory patterns during swallowing were variable and more irregular than the resting tidal breathing. 2) In athetoid CP, completion time of the swallowing task and recovery time to the resting tidal breathing after swallow were significantly prolonged (p<0.01). 4) Athetoid subjects had significantly higher rate of postdeglutitive inspiration than that of the controls (p<0.01). 5) In correlation with the VFSS findings, aspirated group of the athetoid subjects had significantly higher rate of postdeglutitive inspiration than that of non-aspirated group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Respiratory-swallowing coordination was disrupted in the athtoid CP, and their higher rate of postdeglutitive inspiration suggested the higher risk for aspiration of the food materials, especially in drinking of large amounts of liquid.
Adult ; Cerebral Palsy ; Deglutition Disorders ; Deglutition* ; Drinking ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Mastication ; Respiration ; Water

It has been reported that the electrical stimulation of nerves can cause the changes of anterior horn cell excitability and conduction velocity of the nerves in vivo and vitro studies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the electrophysiologic changes of the peripheral nerves near the spinal cord by the electrical stimulation. Subjects were 20 healthy volunteers, with the age of 21 to 27 years. The conditioning current was an interferential current of 10 Hz and 100 Hz with the maximal tolerable intensity (18~20 mA). Conditioning stimulation was applied to the paraspinal area between T9 and T12 for 15 minutes. Before and after the conditioning stimulation, we measured the peripheral nerve conduction, H-reflex, F-wave, and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) of the tibial nerve. The results after the conditioning revealed that the tibial motor and sensory conductions were unchanged but the latency of the H-reflex was significantly prolonged with a significant reduction of H amplitude and H/M ratio (p<0.01). The latency, duration, and F-ratio of the F-wave were significantly increased and the amplitude of the F-wave was significantly reduced (p<0.01). P1 latency was significantly prolonged in the cortical tibial SEP (p<0.01). Change of N1P1 amplitude was not meaningful (p>0.05). There was no statistical difference between the changes by a high or low frequency stimulation. These results suggest that a certain conditioned electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves near the spinal cord may cause the decrement of anterior horn cell excitability, and the inhibition of the alpha motor nerve and sensory nerve conductions near the spinal cord.
Anterior Horn Cells ; Electric Stimulation* ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; H-Reflex ; Healthy Volunteers ; Neural Conduction ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Spinal Cord* ; Tibial Nerve