Several molecular biomarkers (p16INK4a,Ki-67,and so on) are abnormally expressed in cervical precancerous lesions,many of which are involved in human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced molecular alterations.Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) can not accurately predict the possibility of progress in precancerous lesions.Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) are often over-treated clinically,while it lacks accurate screening methods to identify the precancerous lesions with high possibility of progression.Combining cytology diagnosis with biomarkers can help predict the progress of precancerous lesions and distinguish benign lesions which are difficult to identify morphologically.It appears promising to consider biomarkers as potential cervical precancerous lesions screening method.

Objective:To evaluate the status and influencing factors of psychiatric comorbidities of patients with epilepsy (PWEs) in Hubei province during the outbreak of COVID-19.Methods:From February 23, 2020 to March 5, 2020, a network questionnaire survey (including demographic characteristics, seizures, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 score, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score, Insomnia Severity Index score) was conducted among 570 PWEs who visited the Epilepsy Center of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology during April 1, 2019 and January 20, 2020. SPSS 22.0 software was used for correlation analysis of sociodemographic characteristics, epilepsy related factors, perceived threat to the COVID-19 and psychiatric comorbidity (depression, anxiety and insomnia) of PWEs during the COVID-19 epidemic.Results:A total of 362 valid questionnaires were included for analysis (the response rate was 63.51%,362/570). Thirty-four (9.4%), forty-seven (13.0%) and seventy-one (19.6%) patients suffered from anxiety, depression and insomnia, respectively. Patients with seizure frequency ≥2 times/month before the epidemic ( OR=3.395,95% CI 1.561-7.384, P=0.002), poor subjective quality of life during the epidemic ( OR=10.753,95% CI 1.938-59.654, P=0.024), and moderate to severe worry about bad impact of the epidemic on epilepsy ( OR=3.077, 95% CI 1.382-6.853, P=0.006) were more likely to be anxious. Patients with poor subjective quality of life during the epidemic ( OR=6.188, 95% CI 1.317-29.079, P=0.021) were more likely to be depressed. Patients with COVID-19 related symptoms ( OR=3.609, 95% CI 1.674-7.778, P=0.001), children ( OR=3.090, 95% CI 1.759-5.431, P<0.001), seizure frequency ≥2 times/month before the epidemic ( OR=1.907, 95% CI 1.017-3.575, P=0.044), and moderate to severe worry about unanticipated seizures ( OR=2.555, 95% CI 1.370-4.764, P=0.003) were more likely to suffer from insomnia. Conclusions:During the COVID-19 epidemic, parts of PWEs suffered from anxiety, depression and insomnia. PWEs with poor subjective quality of life, high frequency of epileptic seizures before the epidemic, excessive worry about bad impact of the epidemic on epilepsy and excessive worry about unanticipated seizures were prone to anxiety, depression and insomnia.

In recent years， transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） has emerged as a common treatment modality for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. However， with the ongoing development of embolic agent techniques， the new advances in microspheres and nanoparticles have brought new hope for improving the efficacy and safety of TACE. This article reviews the latest advances and applications of microspheres and nanoparticles in TACE for HCC. First， this article introduces the background of TACE as a therapeutic approach and the emergence of microsphere and nanoparticle techniques， and then it describes the application of various types of microspheres and nanoparticles in TACE and discusses the requisite attributes of an ideal embolic agents. The article focuses on the advances in material science and engineering， as well as the clinical efficacy of drug-eluting microspheres and nanoparticles versus conventional TACE. Furthermore， it discusses the importance of radiological examination in TACE and summarizes the research advances in the radiopaque and magnetic resonance-visible embolic agents. This article also explores the future development directions and challenges of TACE. It also points out the combination of microspheres and nanoparticles with other treatment modalities， the application of personalized and precision medicine in TACE， and the potential regimen of TACE in clinical translation， and meanwhile， it raises the issues of ethics and regulation that need to be further discussed. It is believed that microspheres and nanoparticles have a potential effect in TACE， which provides a theoretical basis and technical support for innovating HCC treatment regimens and improving the prognosis of patients through TACE interventions.

Objective To understand the changing distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Klebsiella strains in 52 hospitals across China in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to the unified CHINET protocol.The susceptibility results were interpreted according to the breakpoints in the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)M100 document.Results A total of 241,549 nonduplicate Klebsiella strains were isolated from 2015 to 2021,including Klebsiella pneumoniae(88.0％),Klebsiella aerogenes(5.8％),Klebsiella oxytoca(5.7％),and other Klebsiella species(0.6％).Klebsiella strains were mainly isolated from respiratory tract(48.49±5.32)％.Internal medicine(22.79±3.28)％,surgery(17.98±3.10)％,and ICU(14.03±1.39)％were the top 3 departments where Klebsiella strains were most frequently isolated.K.pneumoniae isolates showed higher resistance rate to most antimicrobial agents compared to other Klebsiella species.Klebsiella isolates maintained low resistance rates to tigecycline and polymyxin B.ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae and K.oxytoca strains showed higher resistance rates to all the antimicrobial agents tested compared to the corresponding ESBLs-nonproducing strains.The K.pneumoniae and carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae(CRKP)strains isolated from ICU patients demonstrated higher resistance rates to majority of the antimicrobial agents tested than the strains isolated from non-ICU patients.The CRKP strains isolated from adult patients had higher resistance rates to most of the antimicrobial agents tested than the corresponding CRKP strains isolated from paediatric patients.Conclusions The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains in Klebsiella isolates increased greatly from 2015 to 2021.However,the Klebsiella isolates remained highly susceptible to tigecycline and polymyxin B.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance should still be strengthened for Klebsiella strains.