BACKGROUND: Brain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is closely connected with the activity of Kinesin. Previous research believes that reduced activity of Kinesin, a mierotubule based motor protein, is an early mark for nerve cell death induced by brain ischemia. Erigeron breviscapus can prevent brain IR-induced proteinase C activation, reduce calcium overload, and reduce ischemic infarctional volume, thus attenuating brain IR injury. However, it still remains less reported at present whether the neuroprotective role of erigeron breviscapus is related to Kinesin activity.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of erigeron breviscapus on the activity of Kinesin, a microtubule based motor protein, in hippocampal pyramidal cells during brain IR.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Anesthesia Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College; Anesthesiology Key Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Anesthesiology Key Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, between February and August 1999. Totally 35 male gerbils were included.METHODS: Gerbils were randomized into sham-operation group (n=5), ischemia-reperfusion control group (n=15) and erigeron breviscapus group (n=15), the latter two of which were further divided into three subgroups according to reperfusion time, namely reperfusion group Ⅰ (reperfusion of 6 hours), reperfusion group Ⅱ (reperfusion of 48 hours) and reperfusion group Ⅲ (reperfusion of 96 hours) with 5 in each subgroup. Gerbils in IR group and erigeron breviscapus group were subjected to IR model preparation before experiment by brain arterial occlusion for 10 minutes, while gerbils in sham-operation group had only bilateral common carotid artery isolated without occlusion. Gerbils in erigeron breviscapus group were pretreated 15 minutes before ischemic inducement with intraperitoneal injection of breviscapine (its effective component is erigeron breviscapus) at a dosage of 45 mg/kg, which was replaced with the same volume of isometric normal saline in sham-operation group and IR group. IHC staining was used to detect hippocampus microtubule based motor protein-Kinesin activity with the assistance of computer imaging analysis technology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Activity and changes of Kinesin of animals in each group.RESULTS: Totally 35 animals were enrolled in this experiment and all entered the result analysis with no one lost during the experiment. In hippocampal CA1 region, Kinesin activity in IR group was found to descend to 58%, 38% and 12% respectively of that in sham-operation group at IR 6 hours, 48 and 96 hours (P < 0.01). In erigeron breviscapus group at IR 6 hours, 48 hours and 96 hours it was 81%, 61% and 21% of that in shamoperation group, and was obviously higher than that in IR control group (P < 0.05). However, the changes of Kinesin activity were not obviously different in hippocampal CA2, CA3 and CA4 regions.CONCLUSION: Erigeron breviscapus can exert brain-protecting function by reducing hippocampal CA1 Kinesin activity during brain IR injury.

Objective To explore the clinical and histopathological features of Barrett esophagus and its related adenocarcinoma as well as the relationship between them.Methods From January 2002 to January 2012,the clinical data of 35 patients with Barrett esophagus,850 patients with esophagus cancer and 218 patients with esophageal-gastric junction cancer were collected,and the histopathological features of all the patients and the follow-up in patients with Barrett esophagus were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 35 patients with Barrett esophagus,six cases(17.1 ％) had specialized intestinal metaplasia and all of them did not develop into esophageal adenocarcinoma or Siewert type Ⅰ esophageal-gastric junction cancer.Among 850 patients with esophageal cancer,794 cases (93.4％) were squamous carcinoma,19 cases (2.2％) were small cell carcinoma,seven cases (0.8％) were adenocarcinoma.And besides,there were adenosquamous carcinoma,basaloid squamous carcinoma,carcinosarcoma,and neuroendocrine carcinoma.Among 218 patients with esophageal gastric junction cancer,nine cases (4.1％) were Siewert type Ⅰ,150 cases (68.8％) were Siewert type Ⅱ,59 cases (27.1％) were Siewert type Ⅲ.A total of 180 cases (82.6％) were adenocarcinoma and others were signet ring cell carcinoma,mucous adenocarcinoma,squamous carcinoma,adenosquamous carcinoma,small cell carcinoma,neuroendocrine carcinoma,carcinoid and spindle cell carcinoma.Conclusions Specialized intestinal metaplasia is rare in patients with Barrett esophagus in China,and the probability of Barrett esophagus developing into adenocarcinoma is low.Barrett esophagus related adenocarcinoma such as esophageal adenocarcinoma and Siewert type Ⅰ esophageal-gastric junction cancer is rare.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of three dimensional dynamic contrast enhanced MRA(3D DCE MRA)on esophageal and gastric varices compared with endoscopy.Methods From April 2003 to June 2008,153 patients with portal hypertension who underwent both 3D DCE MRA and endoscopy were reviewed retrospectively.All the patients were divided into bleeding group and non-bleeding group according to the clinical symptoms.The location and degree of the esophagogastric varices on 3D DCE MRA were assessed with postprocessing images,including subtraction,MIP and thin-slab maximum intensity projection(thin-MIP),and were compared with the results of endoscopy.The maximum,minimum and mean diameters of esophagogastric varices inside and outside of the wall were measured on the reformed images.The correlation between the findings of 3D DCE MRA and endoscopy were analyzed with Spearman rank correlation coefficient test The rates of esophagogastric varices outside of the wall in bleeding and non-bleeding group were compared by means of Chi-square test Results In bleeding group,severe esophageal varices were documented in 59 patients,moderate in 6 patients,mild in 5 patients;in non-bleeding group,severe esophageal varices were documented in 32 patients,moderate in 4 patients,mild in 5 patients.Severe,moderate,and mild gastric varices were documented in 28,34 and 16 in bleeding group,while they were 7,12 and 9 in non-bleeding group.Esophageal and gastric varices can be wholly presented on MIP images after subtraction,while the esophagogastric varices inside and outside of the wall can be differentiated on thin-MIP images.The location and degree of esophagogastric varices on 3D DCE MRA were correlated with the findings of the endoscopy.The range of r was from 0.544 to 0.878(P＜0.01).In 91 patients with severe esophageal varices,27 patients presented outside esophageal varices in bleeding group(n=59)and 24 patients presented outside esophageal varices in non-bleeding group(n=32).There was a significant difference in ratio of outside esophageal varices between bleeding group and nonbleeding group(X~2=7.199,P＜0.01).In 35 patients with severe gastric varices,22 patients showed adventitial gastric varices in bleeding group(n=28)and 4 patients showed adventitial gastric varices in non-bleeding group(n=7).The ratio of adventitial gastric varices in bleeding group was not significantly different from that of non-bleeding group(P=0.340).Conclusions 3D DCE MRA can display and differentiate the esophagogastric varices both inside and outside of the wall by three dimensional reconstruction.The results of 3D DCE MRA and endoscopy have good correlation.It is of importance in evaluating the esophageal varices outside of the wall,because they may indicate decreased risk of haemorrhage in patients with severe degree of esophageal varices.

OBJECTIVETo explore digestive system manifestations in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

METHODThe clinical data of 96 cases with SARS admitted into our hospital from February 6, 2003 to March 28, 2003 were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSAmong the 96 cases, 26 cases (27%) had diarrhea, 17 (18%) had nausea, 6 (6%) had vomiting, 16 (17%) had bellyache, and 8 (8%) had ALT elevation.

CONCLUSIONSPatients with SARS may have digestive system manifestations; diarrhea is the most common symptom.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Diarrhea ; etiology ; Digestive System Diseases ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; complications

Objective:To explore the role of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnosis of pathogens in primary infectious diseases of the spine (IDS) and to reveal its pathogen spectrum.Methods:This is a retrospective multi-center case series study. Clinical data of 380 patients with primary IDS who were treated at four medical centers in China from December 2019 to April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 82 cases were from the Department of Spine Surgery at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 129 cases were from the Orthopedics Section Ⅱ (Bone Infection), Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, 112 cases were from the Department of Spine Surgery, Fuzhou Second General Hospital, and 57 cases were from the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. There were 238 males and 242 females, with an age of (61.4±13.1) years (range: 10 to 91 years). Specimens from the site of spinal infection were obtained for pathogen culture, pathological examination, and mNGS detection preoperatively or intraoperatively in all patients. The number, types, and positive rates of pathogens detected by the two methods were analyzed and compared using the Chi-square test.Results:Among the 380 patients, 320 had confirmed pathogenic bacteria, with the highest proportion being pyogenic bacterial infections, accounting for 76.9% (246/320). The most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for 22.8% (73/320). Brucella accounted for 13.8% (44/320); Mycobacterium tuberculosis accounted for 6.3% (20/320). Fungal infections accounted for 3.4% (11/320), mainly Aspergillus and Candida. In addition, Mycoplasma was detected in 3 cases (0.9%) and Benacox body in 4 cases (1.2%). The pathogen spectrum constructed by mNGS covered 46 types of pathogens, higher than the 22 types detected by traditional methods. The positive rate of mNGS was 80.8% (308/381), significantly higher than the 27.9% (106/381) of traditional methods ( χ2=182.53, P<0.01). Conclusions:mNGS improves the positive rate of pathogen diagnosis in IDS, detecting a broader spectrum of pathogens, and serves as a valuable complement to traditional diagnostic methods. Combining both methods in the diagnosis of IDS can maximize detection rates, providing robust evidence for precise anti-infective treatment.

Objective:To explore the role of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnosis of pathogens in primary infectious diseases of the spine (IDS) and to reveal its pathogen spectrum.Methods:This is a retrospective multi-center case series study. Clinical data of 380 patients with primary IDS who were treated at four medical centers in China from December 2019 to April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 82 cases were from the Department of Spine Surgery at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 129 cases were from the Orthopedics Section Ⅱ (Bone Infection), Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, 112 cases were from the Department of Spine Surgery, Fuzhou Second General Hospital, and 57 cases were from the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. There were 238 males and 242 females, with an age of (61.4±13.1) years (range: 10 to 91 years). Specimens from the site of spinal infection were obtained for pathogen culture, pathological examination, and mNGS detection preoperatively or intraoperatively in all patients. The number, types, and positive rates of pathogens detected by the two methods were analyzed and compared using the Chi-square test.Results:Among the 380 patients, 320 had confirmed pathogenic bacteria, with the highest proportion being pyogenic bacterial infections, accounting for 76.9% (246/320). The most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for 22.8% (73/320). Brucella accounted for 13.8% (44/320); Mycobacterium tuberculosis accounted for 6.3% (20/320). Fungal infections accounted for 3.4% (11/320), mainly Aspergillus and Candida. In addition, Mycoplasma was detected in 3 cases (0.9%) and Benacox body in 4 cases (1.2%). The pathogen spectrum constructed by mNGS covered 46 types of pathogens, higher than the 22 types detected by traditional methods. The positive rate of mNGS was 80.8% (308/381), significantly higher than the 27.9% (106/381) of traditional methods ( χ2=182.53, P<0.01). Conclusions:mNGS improves the positive rate of pathogen diagnosis in IDS, detecting a broader spectrum of pathogens, and serves as a valuable complement to traditional diagnostic methods. Combining both methods in the diagnosis of IDS can maximize detection rates, providing robust evidence for precise anti-infective treatment.