Cancer stem cell (CSC) theory supposes that CSCs are the origin of tumors occurrence, progression,drug resistance, recurrence and metastasis. Cancer is not only a genetic disease but also a stem cell disease. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of CSCs in some solid tumors.

[Objective] To observe the clinical efficacy of treatment on Frequent Postoperative Posner-Schlossmann syndrome in cataract intraocular lens using Chinese medicine with the effect of tonifying the liver and kidney, nourishing yin and suppressing hyperactive yang.[Methods] 46 cases of Posner-Schlossmann syndrome were randomly divided into two groups, one was the Chinese Medicine group ,in which al cases were treated with Chinese herbs and local eyedrop at the time of first onset after operation; another was the control group, in which al cases were treated with local eyedrop. [Results] Within two years after treatment, compared with the control, in the Chinese Medicine group, the cases of recurrence of Posner-Schlossmann syndrome were obviously decreased. [Conclusion] Chinese medicine with the effect of tonifying the liver and kidney, nourishing yin and suppressing hyperactive yang shows definite effect on postoperative Posner-Schlossmann syndrome, it can decrease the occurrence frequency of number.

[Objective] To evaluate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on optic nerve in progressive normal-tension glaucoma patients. [Methods] 60 cases of patients suffered from controlled normal-tension glaucoma were randomly divided into control and treatment groups, 30 cases in each respectively. The patients in the control group received the conventional treatment(eye drops or surgical treatment), additionally the patients in the treatment group received Ginkgo biloba extract(twice a day ,1ml each time). 5 months was a therapeutic course, after 3 therapeutic courses the best corrected visual acuity, ocular hemodynamics, visual field, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and optic disc data were detected and statistically studied. [Results] There was no significant difference in the best corrected visual acuity between control group and treatment group( P>0.05). The end diastolic velocity(EDV), peak systolic velocity(PSV) were increased significantly and resistive index(RI) was decreased significantly in treatment group after treatment( P<0.05), while the EDV, PSA, RI in control group before and after treatment were without significant differences( P>0.05). The mean visual field defects(MD) in treatment group after treatment were much lower than the control group( P<0.05). The reduction trends of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and rim area in treatment group after treatment were slower than control group significantly decreased( P<0.05). [Conclusion] Ginkgo biloba extract can improve the ocular hemodynamics, delay the deterioration of the best corrected visual acuity and visual field damage, extend the losing time of visual retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and rim area. It has protective effect on optic nerve in normal-tension glaucoma.

Objective To investigate the effect of urinary training on urination control in infants using nappies after birth.Methods Stratified sampling method was used to investigate the daytime urination control and the using of diapers by children in kindergartens of 6 prefecture-level cities in Henan Province,China.The survey was conducted among parents of healthy children.Results In a total of 12 250 questionnaires,11 697 had response,and 10 562 valid questionnaires were collected,and the effective recovery rate was 86.22％.After the birth of infants,the age of toilet training was divided into 6 groups (0-＜ 3 months old group,3-＜ 6 months old group,6-＜ 12 months old group,12-＜ 18 months old group,18-＜ 24 months old group and no toilet training group).Results showed that toilet training within 12 months leads to higher urinary control rate compared with toilet training after 12 months and no toilet training till the age of 2 years old,70.56％ (4 831/6 847 cases) in contrast with 59.02％ (1 545/2 618 cases) and 42.48％ (466/1 097 cases),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =114.76,335.48,all P ＜ 0.000 1).Within 12 months,there was no statistical difference in the urinary control rate between subgroups at 2 years of age(all P ＞0.05).After 12 months,the urination control rate decreased with the start time delayed till 2 years of age,and the urinary control rate at the age of 2 years old n different groups was 59.97％ (1 314/2 191 cases) and 54.10％ (231/427 cases) respectively.The results of other ages(0.5,1.0,1.5 years old) were similar to those of 2 years old.There was no difference between the groups of different genders (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The use of diapers in infants before the age of 1 year to start urinary training is conducive to the development of urinary control in infants.

In recent years, progress has been made in general practice education research with the integration of narrative medicine and general practice. The narrative medicine is conducive to upgrading the abilities of general practice residents in doctor-patient communication, disease management and clinical decision makings; it also conducive to improvement of their humanistic quality and doctor-patient relationship. This article reviews the application of narrative medicine in the general practice residency training, and discusses relevant problems and countermeasures.