Objective To investigate the expression and clinicalsignificance of neutrophils heparin binding protein (HBP) and CD64 in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to explore the clinical value. Methods From March 2015 to December 2015 , 197 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 223 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and 265 healthy persons were recruited in this study. 223 patients with AECOPD were divided into two groups based on bacteria concentration in lower respiratory. Infection group was defined as patients with bacteria concentration exceeded 107 cfu/mL group. The rest of patients were in the non-bacterial infection group. Flow cytometry was used to analyzeexpression of CD64 and convert to index of CD64. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze expression of HBP. PCT, hs-CRP and WBC were measured at the same time. Results CD64 , HBP , CRP , WBC and PCT were highly expressed inthe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary patients than those in the chronic obstructive pulmonary patients and healthy group (P<0.01). CD64, HBP , CRP , WBC and PCT were highly expressed inthe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary bacterial infection group patients before treatment than thenon-bacterial infection group (P<0.01). HBP, CD64, CRP , WBC and PCT decline dramatically inthe AECOPDbacterial infection group patients after treatment , which were close to the levels in non-bacterial infection group.When the intercept value of CD64 index was defined as 4.0, the sensitivity to diagnose AECOPD bacterial infection was 92.2% with specificity of 86.2%. When the intercept value of HBP index was defined as 49 ng/mL , the sensitivity to diagnose AECOPD bacterial infection was 87.3% with specificity of 92.3%. Therefore, 4.0 of CD64 index and 49ng/ml of HBP index could be used as sensitive indicator of AECOPD detectedby bacterial infections. Conclusion HBP,CD64 were highly expressed in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary patients than the those of chronic obstructive pulmonary patients and healthygroup, and decline dramatically after treatment. HBP and CD64 has high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose AECOPD bacterial infection. HBP and CD64 could be used as the indicators of auxiliary diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to guide the clinical medication.

Some biological properties of eperythrozoon, such as the influence of low temperature on their viability, their infectivity in different kinds of animals and their changes in amount of organisms in vivo were investigated in the present study. The experimental results showed that the viability of eperythrozoon could be maintained at -20 ℃ for 835 days and at 4 ℃ for 205 days. Small rats could be infected by Eperythrozoon suis, while chickens were not infected. The basic regulation on the changes in amount of organisms in animals was expressed by the fact that the percentages of erythrocytes being infected increased rapidly up to 96-98% 2-4 hours after infection, then it dropped down and followed by dropping and re-rising, attaining its climax up to 8 hours after infection. Finally, it reflected a fluctuating cycle of 14-16 hours. This results showed that eperythrozoons can maintain their viability at -20℃ for a long time and they possess relative species specificity to host with a reproduction cycle of 14-16 hours in animal body.

Objective To investigate the immunoregulatory effect of Fasudil-modified macrophages on cell transferred experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE) in a mouse model.Methods Fe-male C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG35-55 to establish the model of EAE.The encephalomyelitic mononuclear cells ( MNCs) were isolated from spleen of mice with EAE on day 9 after immunization and treated with or without Fasudil for 72 h in vitro.Several assays including the flow cytometry analysis, Griess reaction and ELISA were performed to analyze the M1 and M2 phenotypes of macrophages, the production of NO and the levels of cytokines, respectively.The cultured MNCs (5×107 cells) were resuspended in 500μl of PBS and transferred into na?ve C57BL/6 recipients via intraperitoneal injection.Two groups including the PBS-MNCs group and the Fasudil-MNCs group were set up.The body weights and clinical scores of the mice in each group were recorded in every other days after the induction of EAE in the recipients.Results The Fasudil treated MNCs affected the induction of EAE in adoptive cell transferred mice.The expression of CD16/32, iNOS and IL-12 on F4/80-macrophages were decreased, while the expression of CD206, CD23 and IL-10 on F4/80-macrophages were increased upon the treatment of Fasudil, indicating that Fasudil im-proved the differentiation of macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotypes.Moreover, Fasudil inhibited the pro-duction of NO and enhanced the expression of Arginase-1.Conclusion Fasudil ameliorated the clinical se-verity of EAE in mice by promoting the transformation of macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype.

[Objective]This study was designed to investigate the genetic evolution of the neuraminidase(NA)gene of seasonal A/H1N1 and 2009 novel A/H1N1 inflilenza virus,and discuss the genetic variation of influenza A virus.[Methods]The virus strains were separately isolated from the clinical samples collected in 2006 and 2009,and then identified as seasonal A/H1N1 and novel A/H1N1.The full length of the NA gene of these strains was amplified by RT-PCR.Then the genetic evolution and mutations of important functional sites were analyzed.[Results]The homology of NA gene between the 2009 novel A/H1N1 isolates and 2006 seasonal A/H1N1 isolates was low(77.9%～78.8%),so was the homology of NA gene between the 2009 novel A/H1N1 isolates and representative strains of different periods and 1979-2001 WHO recommended vaccine strains(78.1%～79.3%).But compared with the WHO recommended vaccine strains of 2009 novel A/H1N1,the homology reached more than 99%.The genetic evolution analysis revealed that NA gene of 2009 novel A/H1N1 had the closest genetic relationship with the swine influenza A virus(A/swine/Belgium/1/1983)from Eurasian Iineage,and some of the antigenic sites and neuraminidase active sites of NA gene of seasonal A/H1N1 were mutated after 2005.[Conclusion]The NA gene of 2009 novel A/H1N1 may originate from Eurasian Iineage of swine influenza virus.The variation of NA gene of seasonal A/H1N1 has occurred in a certain degree.Hence,it is very necessary to continuously monitor the variant of influenza A virus.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of influenza virus detection in an influenza outbreak in schools, so as to provide a strategic basis for the treatment of influenza outbreaks in schools. Methods: A total of 1 702 samples were collected from 52 school influenza outbreaks reported in Linyi City in 2021-2022. The samples were divided into 3 types according to different symptoms during the management of the epidemic [group A:influenzalike illness (ILI) group; group B:mild illness group; group C:close contacts group]. Rt-PCR was used to detect influenza virus nucleic acid in the collected samples. The detection rate of influenza virus in the outbreaks was analyzed by χ2 test. Results: In total, 1 071 samples (62.93%) tested positive for influenza virus nucleic acid. Among them, 610 out of 726 samples (84.02%) were detected in group A, while 331 out of 634 samples (52.21%) were detected in group B. In group C, 130 out of 342 samples (38.01%) tested positive. The differences were statistically significant (χ2=260.71, P<0.01). In group A, males had a detection rate of 80.83% for influenza virus nucleic acid, compared to 91.36% for females. For group B, the rates were 53.31% for males and 50.87% for females. In group C, males had a rate of 30.72%, while females had a rate of 43.92%. Statistical significance for gender differences was observed only in groups A and C (χ2=12.67, 6.25, P<0.05). According to the days of onset, the detection rates of influenza virus nucleic acid among patients with onset 0-6 days were 56.30%, 74.49%, 89.35%, 86.23%, 69.67%, 62.75%, 34.33%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=128.27, P<0.01). Conclusions Mild cases and close contacts are likely key factors contributing to the prolonged emergence of new cases within classrooms during school influenza outbreaks. The progression of influenza symptoms is related to the risk of transmission.

Cold and heat belong to the eight-principal syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine， which can reflect the rise and fall of Yin and Yang in the body and the Yin and Yang nature of the disease. At present， traditional Chinese medicine has an inconsistent understanding of cold and heat in acute coronary syndrome. The emphasis on pathogenic factors of cold and heat is biased， and the elements of cold and heat syndrome are not fully reflected in the scale. Therefore， the literature has been reviewed from the perspectives of etiology， pathogenesis， symptom elements， and test signs with drugs. From the perspective of etiology， both cold evil and heat evil can increase the risk of acute coronary syndrome. It was previously believed that acute coronary syndrome occurs frequently in cold climates such as winter and spring. Based on this understanding， hot weather can also induce acute coronary syndrome， and different temperatures have different effects on patients of different ages and with different underlying diseases. In addition， artificial pathogenic factors such as excessive consumption of cold food and refrigeration air conditioners were added. From the perspective of pathogenesis， on the basis of the traditional ''asthenia in origin and asthenia in superficiality'' and ''phlegm stagnation''， it is found that Yin-cold and fire-heat can both cause paralysis of the heart chakra and pain induced by the blockage. The pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome characterized by heat stagnation and coldness featuring heartburn should be distinguished from gastroesophageal reflux disease. Moreover， the pathogenesis of Yin cold coagulation and pulse stagnation and wind obstruction are different. The acute coronary syndrome is in line with the wind characteristics of frequent changes and can be treated with wind medicine. From the perspective of syndrome elements， the syndrome elements such as cold condensation， heat accumulation， and toxicity are analyzed， and the use of basic syndrome elements and their combination forms facilitates clinical and scientific research. In addition， according to the test sign with the drug， it can be seen that the attributes of cold and heat of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for acute coronary syndrome can be explained according to the temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential （TRP） ion channel， thus proving the pathogenesis of cold and heat of acute coronary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shenfu injection combined with chemical medicine in the treatment of coronary heart disease combined with heart failure. METHODS Retrieved from CNKI， CBM， VIP， Wanfang， PubMed， Embase and the Cochrane Library， randomized controlled trials （RCTs） about Shenfu injection combined with chemical medicine （trial group） versus chemical medicine （control group） in the treatment of heart failure with coronary heart disease were collected during the inception to August 2022. After literature screening and data extraction， the qualities of included literature were evaluated and rated by using Cochrane manual and GRADE system. Meta-analysis and Egger’s were performed with RevMan 5.3 software， and TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta software was used for trial sequential analysis. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included， with a total sample of 1 355 patients. The quality grade evidence of GRADE was all low. Meta-analysis showed that cardiac function efficacy [RR＝1.23， 95%CI （1.16，1.30）， P＜0.000 01]， the decrease of brain natriuretic peptide [MD＝－96.06， 95%CI （－116.47， －75.64）， P＜0.000 01] and the increase of left ventricular ejection fraction [MD＝5.32， 95%CI （4.03，6.60）， P＜0.000 01] in trial group were significantly better than control group； there was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups [RR＝0.52，95%CI（0.22，1.22），P＝0.13]. The results of sequential analysis showed that the sample size included in this study met the requirements of meta-analysis； the results of Egger’s test showed that the results were robust and publication bias had no significant effect on the results. CONCLUSIONS Shenfu injection combined with chemical medicine in the treatment of coronary heart disease combined with heart failure can further improve the clinical symptoms and related indicators， and no serious adverse reaction is observed.