Objective To investigate the characteristics of 136 patients with occupational diseases,to summarize key techniques used in field investigation,and to provide a scientific basis for the development of standard operating procedures for field investigation of occupational disease diagnosis.Methods Field investigation and routine data analysis were performed to analyze the cases diagnosed by Guangdong Provincial Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment from January 2009 to December 2014.Results A total of 136 cases of occupational diseases were diagnosed by Guangdong Provincial Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment from 2009 to 2014,and there were 66 cases of leukemia,18 cases of suspected occupational benzene poisoning,12 cases of suspected occupational hand-arm vibration disease,and 11 cases of suspected pneumoconiosis.Of all these patients,41.91％ were engaged in at least three types of work,70.59％ were exposed to at least three types of chemicals,25.74％ experienced changes in technical processes and chemicals,and 47.06％ had disputes on the chemicals they were exposed to during verification by both parties.Occupational hazard factors were detected.Most samples (358) were used to measure benzene concentration in workplace air,among which 11.7％ had a benzene concentration of ＞6.00 mg/m3 (exceeding standard),13.41％ had a benzene concentration of 3.26～6.00 mg/m3,75.42％ had a benzene concentration of＜ 0.03 to ＜3.25 mg/m3.The samples of suspected occupational hand-arm vibration disease,suspected pneumoconiosis,and suspected occupational noise-induced hearing loss had high over-standard rates (100％,93.8％,and 83.3％,respectively).Conclusion Field investigation of occupational disease diagnosis reveals large numbers of cases of leukemia,suspected occupational benzene poisoning,suspected occupational handarm vibration disease,and suspected pneumoconiosis.The key aspects of field investigation include confirmation of the history of occupational exposure,identification of occupational hazard factors,confirmation of the changes in technical processes and chemicals,detection of occupational hazard factors,sampling and analysis of raw materials,and epidemiological investigation of workers with the same type of work.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of 136 patients with occupational diseases,to summarize key techniques used in field investigation,and to provide a scientific basis for the development of standard operating procedures for field investigation of occupational disease diagnosis.Methods Field investigation and routine data analysis were performed to analyze the cases diagnosed by Guangdong Provincial Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment from January 2009 to December 2014.Results A total of 136 cases of occupational diseases were diagnosed by Guangdong Provincial Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment from 2009 to 2014,and there were 66 cases of leukemia,18 cases of suspected occupational benzene poisoning,12 cases of suspected occupational hand-arm vibration disease,and 11 cases of suspected pneumoconiosis.Of all these patients,41.91％ were engaged in at least three types of work,70.59％ were exposed to at least three types of chemicals,25.74％ experienced changes in technical processes and chemicals,and 47.06％ had disputes on the chemicals they were exposed to during verification by both parties.Occupational hazard factors were detected.Most samples (358) were used to measure benzene concentration in workplace air,among which 11.7％ had a benzene concentration of ＞6.00 mg/m3 (exceeding standard),13.41％ had a benzene concentration of 3.26～6.00 mg/m3,75.42％ had a benzene concentration of＜ 0.03 to ＜3.25 mg/m3.The samples of suspected occupational hand-arm vibration disease,suspected pneumoconiosis,and suspected occupational noise-induced hearing loss had high over-standard rates (100％,93.8％,and 83.3％,respectively).Conclusion Field investigation of occupational disease diagnosis reveals large numbers of cases of leukemia,suspected occupational benzene poisoning,suspected occupational handarm vibration disease,and suspected pneumoconiosis.The key aspects of field investigation include confirmation of the history of occupational exposure,identification of occupational hazard factors,confirmation of the changes in technical processes and chemicals,detection of occupational hazard factors,sampling and analysis of raw materials,and epidemiological investigation of workers with the same type of work.

Background::The study aimed to clarify the characteristics of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and to compare the oncologic outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) with open esophagectomy (OE) in terms of lymph node dissection (LND) in thoracic esophageal cancer patients.Methods::The data from esophageal cancer patients who underwent MIE or OE from January 2016 to January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The characteristics of LNM in thoracic esophageal cancer were discussed, and the differences in numbers of LND, LND rate, and LNM rate/degree of upper mediastinum between MIE and OE were compared.Results::For overall characteristics of LNM in 249 included patients, the highest rate of LNM was found in upper mediastinum, while LNM rate in middle and lower mediastinum, and abdomen increased with the tumor site moving down. The patients were divided into MIE ( n = 204) and OE groups ( n = 45). In terms of number of LND, there were significant differences in upper mediastinum between MIE and OE groups (8 [5, 11] vs. 5 [3, 8], P < 0.001). The comparative analysis of regional lymph node showed there was no significant difference except the subgroup of upper mediastinal 2L and 4L group (3 [1, 5] vs. 0 [0, 2], P < 0.001 and 0 [0, 2] vs. 0, P = 0.012, respectively). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in terms of LND rate except 2L (89.7% [183/204] vs. 71.1% [32/45], P = 0.001) and 4L (41.2% [84/204] vs. 22.2% [10/45], P = 0.018) groups. For LNM rate of T3 stage, there was no significant difference between MIE and OE groups, and the comparative analysis of regional lymph node showed that there was no significant difference except 2L group (11.1% [5/45] vs. 38.1% [8/21], P = 0.025). The LNM degree of OE group was significantly higher than that of MIE group (27.2% [47/173] vs. 7.6% [32/419], P < 0.001), and the comparative analysis of regional LNM degree showed that there was no significant difference except 2L (34.7% [17/49] vs. 7.7% [13/169], P < 0.001) and 4L (23.8% [5/21] vs. 3.9% [2/51], P= 0.031) subgroups. Conclusion::MIE may have an advantage in LND of upper mediastinum 2L and 4L groups, while it was similar to OE in other stations of LND.

OBJECTIVE：To study the effects of sulforaphane on the prolifera tion and apoptosis of human renal tubular epithelial cells HK- 2 induced by high glucose ，and to investigate its mechanism primarily. METHODS ：HK-2 cells were divided into normal group ，high glucose group ，irbesartan group （positive control ，1 μmol/L），sulforaphane low ，medium and high concentration groups （10，20，40 μmol/L）. The cells in normal group were cultured in DMEM medium for 96 hours. T he cells in other groups were cultured in high glucose DMEM medium （containing 40 mmol/L glucose ）for 48 hours. After inducing cell injury，the cells were added with corresponding drugs for 48 hours. Survival rate and apoptotic rate of cells were detected. mRNA expression of cyclin D 1，caspase-3，Bcl-2 and Bax as well as protein expression of p-mTOR ，p-AMPK，p-Akt and p-PI 3K were also determined. In addition ，HK-2 cells were divided into normal group ，high glucose group ，sulforaphane high concentration group（40 μmol/L），acardicin group （AMPK agonist ，1 mmol/L），sulforaphane high concentration+compound C group （sulforaphane 40 μmol/L+AMPK inhibitor compound C 40 μmol/L），perifoxine group （Akt inhibitor ，19.95 μmol/L）、sulforaphane high concentration+SC 79 group（sulforaphane 40 μmol/L+Akt agonist SC79 4 μmol/L）. After cultured with the same method ， protein expression of p-mTOR ，p-AMPK，p-Akt and p-PI 3K were detected in HK- 2 cells. RESULTS ：Compared with normal group，survival rate of HK- 2 cells，mRNA expression of cyclin D 1 and Bcl- 2 as well as protein expression of p-AMPK were decreased significantly in high glucose group （P＜0.05）；apoptotic rate ，mRNA expression of caspase- 3 and Bax ，protein expression of p-mTOR ，p-Akt and p-PI 3K in HK- 2 cells were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with high glucose group，above indexes of sulforaphane low ，medium and high concentration groups ，irbesartan group were all improved significantly （P＜0.05）；the improvement of above indexes in sulforaphane medium and high concentration groups were significantly better those of sulforaphane low concentration group （P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference in above indexes between sulforaphane high concentration group and irbesartan group （P＞0.05）. Compared with sulforaphane high concentration group，there were no significant difference in the protein expression of p-AMPK ，p-mTOR in acardicin group and p-mTOR ，p-Akt and p-PI 3K in perifoxine group （P＞0.05）；the protein expression of p-AMPK in sulforaphane high concentration+compound C group was decreased significantly （P＜0.05），while the protein expression of p-mTOR was increased significantly （P＜0.05）；the protein expression of p-mTOR 、p-Akt、p-PI3K in sulforaphane high concentration+SC 79 group were increased significantly （P＜ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Sulforaphane can promote the proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells and inhibit its apoptosis ；its mechanism may be associated with up-regulating the expression of p-AMPK and down-regulating the expression of p-mTOR ，p-Akt and p-PI 3K.