Objective To analyze the dysregulated genes among the differentially expressed genes in 41 nasopharyngeal biopsy samples and identify their protective transcriptional factors. Methods The differentially expressed gene profiles were obtained by analyzing both types I and II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC_I and NPC_II, respectively) using EXcelland Bioinformatics tools. The transcriptional factors were further studied only when (1) the difference in the binding sites of the differentially expressed genes between NPC_I and NPC_II groups was statistically significant, (2) the expressions of the transcription factors were correlated with the gene expressions in the samples, and (3) the transcription factors affected at least 40%of the expression of the related genes. Results In NPC_I samples, 80 transcription factors were found to be up-regulated, in which RUNX3, GATA3, NR3C1, NRF1, RXRA, SMAD7, TBP, and ZBTB6 were positive factors and HLF and MTF1 were negative factors, involved in the regulation of the genes in T cell receptor signaling pathway. No eligible transcription factors were found in association with down-regulated genes in NPC_I compared to NPC_II gene expression profiles. Conclusions The over-expressed genes in NPC_I are mainly related to immune responses, and we found 8 positive factors and 2 negative factors that regulate the genes in T cell receptor signaling pathway. The 10 transcription factors may serve as potential therapeutic targets for NPC_I. We failed to identify any transcription factors associated with down-regulated genes in NPC_I relative to NPC_II possibly as a result of multiple factors that affect the differential gene expressions in NPC_II including the transcription factors, DNA phosphorylation and modification, chromosome variation and environmental factors.

Objective To analyze the dysregulated genes among the differentially expressed genes in 41 nasopharyngeal biopsy samples and identify their protective transcriptional factors. Methods The differentially expressed gene profiles were obtained by analyzing both types I and II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC_I and NPC_II, respectively) using EXcelland Bioinformatics tools. The transcriptional factors were further studied only when (1) the difference in the binding sites of the differentially expressed genes between NPC_I and NPC_II groups was statistically significant, (2) the expressions of the transcription factors were correlated with the gene expressions in the samples, and (3) the transcription factors affected at least 40%of the expression of the related genes. Results In NPC_I samples, 80 transcription factors were found to be up-regulated, in which RUNX3, GATA3, NR3C1, NRF1, RXRA, SMAD7, TBP, and ZBTB6 were positive factors and HLF and MTF1 were negative factors, involved in the regulation of the genes in T cell receptor signaling pathway. No eligible transcription factors were found in association with down-regulated genes in NPC_I compared to NPC_II gene expression profiles. Conclusions The over-expressed genes in NPC_I are mainly related to immune responses, and we found 8 positive factors and 2 negative factors that regulate the genes in T cell receptor signaling pathway. The 10 transcription factors may serve as potential therapeutic targets for NPC_I. We failed to identify any transcription factors associated with down-regulated genes in NPC_I relative to NPC_II possibly as a result of multiple factors that affect the differential gene expressions in NPC_II including the transcription factors, DNA phosphorylation and modification, chromosome variation and environmental factors.

Objective To explore the relationship between cellular rejection and the development of allo-or xenografted primordia from different gestational ages .Methods Whole rat metanephroi from embryonic day E14～ E19 were transplanted into omenta of outbred (SD → SD ,6 groups ,n≥10 each ;E15-E17SDCsA ,3 groups ,n=15 each) ,syngeneic (Lewis→Lewis ,5 groups ,n=8 each) ,allogeneic (Lewis→BN ,E15BN n= 6 each E15BNCsA n= 10 each ,E16BNCsA n= 10 each) rats and xenogeneic (Lewis→C57groups ,E15C57 n=10 each ,E15C57CsA ,n=8 each ;Lewis→Balb/c nude mice ,3 groups ,n=10 each) recipients .Histopathology ,Banff's grading and electron microscopy (EM ) were utilized for assessing the graft development .Similarly ,biochemical indicators and creatinine clearances were measured .Results At 4 weeks post-transplantation , in SD → SD groups ,E14-E17SD metanephroi developed with Banff ' s rejections . E14/E15SD was significantly lighter than E16/E17SD ( P< 0 .01 );E18/E19SD barely developed . After cyclosporine A (CsA , 8 mg·kg -1·d-1 )dosing ,Banff's rejection of E15-E17SDCsA group lessened significantly .In Lewis→BN ,E15BN metanephroi were completely rejected .After dosing CsA (12 mg·kg -1·d-1 ) ,E15BNCsA and E16BNCsA Banff ' s rejections became alleviated . Upon a discontinuation of CsA , both metanephroi were rejected . In Lewis → Lewis , E15 ～ E17Lewis metanephroi developed well . No significant difference existed in Banff's classification (P>0 .05) .E14Lewis and E18Lewis rats had significantly poorly differentiated metanephroi than those in E16 Lewis group .In Lewis→C57BL/6 , E15 metanephroi were rejected at Day 14 post-transplantation (n= 10) and no improvement was evident after CsA dosing (15 mg·kg -1·d-1 ,n=8) .In Lewis→Balb/c nude mice ,all E15～E17Balb/c metanephroi developed well .Both light microscopy and EM examination showed normal nephrons and collecting ducts and wet weight ,creatinine or urea nitrogen of effusion showed no significant difference (P>0 .05) .E15Lewis and E16Lewis had significantly different values of wet weight and creatinine clearances from those of E15SDCsA and E16SDCsA .E15SDCsA had the greatest wet weight and the lowest creatinine clearance rate (P< 0 .01) .Conclusions After controlling rejection during allo-and xenotransplantations ,E15 ,E16 and E17 rat metanephros have similar development characteristics . And cellular immunogenic factors still remain the major barriers to their developments .

OBJECTIVETo analyze the dysregulated genes among the differentially expressed genes in 41 nasopharyngeal biopsy samples and identify their protective transcriptional factors.

METHODSThe differentially expressed gene profiles were obtained by analyzing both types I and II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC_I and NPC_II, respectively) using EXCEL and Bioinformatics tools. The transcriptional factors were further studied only when (1) the difference in the binding sites of the differentially expressed genes between NPC_I and NPC_II groups was statistically significant, (2) the expressions of the transcription factors were correlated with the gene expressions in the samples, and (3) the transcription factors affected at least 40% of the expression of the related genes.

RESULTSIn NPC_I samples, 80 transcription factors were found to be up-regulated, in which RUNX3, GATA3, NR3C1, NRF1, RXRA, SMAD7, TBP, and ZBTB6 were positive factors and HLF and MTF1 were negative factors, involved in the regulation of the genes in T cell receptor signaling pathway. No eligible transcription factors were found in association with down-regulated genes in NPC_I compared to NPC_II gene expression profiles.

CONCLUSIONSThe over-expressed genes in NPC_I are mainly related to immune responses, and we found 8 positive factors and 2 negative factors that regulate the genes in T cell receptor signaling pathway. The 10 transcription factors may serve as potential therapeutic targets for NPC_I. We failed to identify any transcription factors associated with down-regulated genes in NPC_I relative to NPC_II possibly as a result of multiple factors that affect the differential gene expressions in NPC_II including the transcription factors, DNA phosphorylation and modification, chromosome variation and environmental factors.

Carcinoma ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism

The treatment of stained teeth has been one of the striking aspects of stomatology and esthetic dentistry. Based on detailed data and references, this article introduces the types of stained teeth and the main treatment methods including strong point, weakness, limitation of the usage, result, and the relevant mechanisms. It addresses the researches on problems in the treatment of stained teeth. Also in this paper is envisaged what will be done to treat the stained teeth in future.
Dental Veneers ; Humans ; Tooth Bleaching ; Tooth Discoloration ; etiology ; therapy

Background::The study aimed to clarify the characteristics of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and to compare the oncologic outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) with open esophagectomy (OE) in terms of lymph node dissection (LND) in thoracic esophageal cancer patients.Methods::The data from esophageal cancer patients who underwent MIE or OE from January 2016 to January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The characteristics of LNM in thoracic esophageal cancer were discussed, and the differences in numbers of LND, LND rate, and LNM rate/degree of upper mediastinum between MIE and OE were compared.Results::For overall characteristics of LNM in 249 included patients, the highest rate of LNM was found in upper mediastinum, while LNM rate in middle and lower mediastinum, and abdomen increased with the tumor site moving down. The patients were divided into MIE ( n = 204) and OE groups ( n = 45). In terms of number of LND, there were significant differences in upper mediastinum between MIE and OE groups (8 [5, 11] vs. 5 [3, 8], P < 0.001). The comparative analysis of regional lymph node showed there was no significant difference except the subgroup of upper mediastinal 2L and 4L group (3 [1, 5] vs. 0 [0, 2], P < 0.001 and 0 [0, 2] vs. 0, P = 0.012, respectively). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in terms of LND rate except 2L (89.7% [183/204] vs. 71.1% [32/45], P = 0.001) and 4L (41.2% [84/204] vs. 22.2% [10/45], P = 0.018) groups. For LNM rate of T3 stage, there was no significant difference between MIE and OE groups, and the comparative analysis of regional lymph node showed that there was no significant difference except 2L group (11.1% [5/45] vs. 38.1% [8/21], P = 0.025). The LNM degree of OE group was significantly higher than that of MIE group (27.2% [47/173] vs. 7.6% [32/419], P < 0.001), and the comparative analysis of regional LNM degree showed that there was no significant difference except 2L (34.7% [17/49] vs. 7.7% [13/169], P < 0.001) and 4L (23.8% [5/21] vs. 3.9% [2/51], P= 0.031) subgroups. Conclusion::MIE may have an advantage in LND of upper mediastinum 2L and 4L groups, while it was similar to OE in other stations of LND.

Objective:To explore the effect of intelligent chronic disease management system for rheumatoid arthritis patients under mobile terminal APP.Methods:From June 2018 to June 2021, 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated in Mianyang Central Hospital were selected by convenience sampling. The 50 patients admitted from June 2018 to November 2019 were in the control group, and the 50 patients admitted from December 2019 to June 2021 were in the observation group. The control group received routine nursing, while the observation group implemented intelligent chronic disease management under mobile terminal APP on the basis of the control group. Six months after intervention, the awareness of disease health knowledge, self-management ability and rehabilitation indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:Six months after intervention, the awareness of disease health knowledge and self-management ability of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Six months after intervention, the rehabilitation indicators of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The intelligent chronic disease management system under mobile terminal APP can increase the recognition of disease health knowledge and self-management ability of rheumatoid arthritis patients, improve various rehabilitation indicators, and promote enhanced recovery of diseases.

Objective     To explore the causes of conversion to thoracotomy in patients with minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) in a surgical team, and to obtain a deeper understanding of the timing of conversion in MIE. Methods     The clinical data of patients who underwent MIE between September 9, 2011 and February 12, 2022 by a single surgical team in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The main influencing factors and perioperative mortality of patients who converted to thoracotomy in this group were analyzed. Results     In the cohort of 791 consecutive patients with MIE, there were 520 males and 271 females, including 29 patients of multiple esophageal cancer, 156 patients of upper thoracic cancer, 524 patients of middle thoracic cancer, and 82 patients of lower thoracic cancer. And 46 patients were converted to thoracotomy for different causes. The main causes for thoracotomy were advanced stage tumor (26 patients), anesthesia-related factors (5 patients), extensive thoracic adhesions (6 patients), and accidental injury of important structures (8 patients). There was a statistical difference in the distribution of tumor locations between patients who converted to thoracotomy and the MIE patients (P<0.05). The proportion of multiple and upper thoracic cancer in patients who converted to thoracotomy was higher than that in the MIE patients, while the proportion of lower thoracic cancer was lower than that in the MIE patients. The perioperative mortality of the thoracotomy patients was not significantly different from that of the MIE patients (P=1.000). Conclusion     In MIE, advanced-stage tumor, anesthesia-related factors,extensive thoracic adhesions, and accidental injury of important structures are the main causes of conversion to thoracotomy. The rate varies at different tumor locations. Intraoperative conversion to thoracotomy does not affect the perioperative mortality of MIE.