Objective To provide basis of preventing and treating complications by monitoring plasma colloid osmotic pressure and blood clotting function during anesthesia of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Methods 30 patients with upper urinary calculus were equally and randomly divided into two groups according to the different anesthesia method. In General anesthesia group, Midazolam 0. 1 mg/kg、diprivan 1.5mg/kg、Vecuronium bromide 0. 15mg/kg、fentanyl 4μg/kg were used to guide and forane 1 ～ 1.3MAC were used to keep inhalation anesthesia. In lumbar-epidural anesthesia group T12～12 or T12 ～ L1 epidural anesthesia with 0.75% ropivacaine 8 ～ 10 ml and L2～4 lumbar anesthesia with bupivacaine 10mg were used. Plasma colloid osnotic pressure, central venous pressure and TEG were detected at the beginning and at the end of operation and fluid consumption were compared between the two groups. Results There was no obvious difference between the two groups. In both groups ,COP was obviously reduced and CVP was improved after the operation which significantly different with those pre-operation ( all P <0. 01 ). R value reduced significantly(P <0. 05). There were 10 patients complicated with chilling, unconffortability,or anxiety. Conclusion During anesthesia of percutaneous nephrolithotomy, with operation time going on, COP reduced obviously, which increased the risk of heart failure, pulmonary edema, etc. but had no effect on blood clotting.

Sialolithiasis is a common disease of the salivary gland. This disease mainly involves the major salivary gland. Sialolithiasis of the minor salivary gland is rare. A case of sialolithiasis of the upper lip was reported, and relevant literature was reviewed in this paper.
Humans ; Lip ; Mouth Mucosa ; Salivary Gland Calculi ; Salivary Glands, Minor

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma occurring in the sublingual gland is extremely rare. In this report, a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the sublingual gland was presented.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Humans ; Sublingual Gland ; Sublingual Gland Neoplasms

BACKGROUND:In the deep caries treatment, the pulp capping agent used in indirect pulp can induce the formation of dentin bridge (the complex of dental pulp and dentin), to protect the pulp tissue from stimulus and save the pulp vitality, completely avoid the occurrence of complications, with a higher clinical success rate. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the differences in clinical efficacy of five kinds of calcium hydroxide preparations. METHODS:Totaly 236 patients with deep caries were selected and randomized to undergo indirect pulp with the double-component calcium hydroxide powder (n=46), Metapex with one-component injection dosage form and the chemical curing calcium hydroxide preparation (n=47), Dycal with the chemical curing calcium hydroxide preparation (n=45), Ionosit-Baseliner (n=49) and Calcimol LC (n=49) with one-component and the light curing calcium hydroxide preparation. The status of the dental pulp, the restoration and the root tip were observed at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between the five groups in the success rate of indirect pulp capping at 1, 6 and 12 months (P> 0.05). At 24 months, the success rate of indirect pulp capping in the double-component calcium hydroxide powder group was lower than that in the other four groups (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the latter four groups (P > 0.05). Metapex, Dycal, Ionosit-Baseliner and Calcimol LC al have a good effect on indirect pulp capping to deep caries, which can be used as agents for long-term pulp protection.

BACKGROUND:Chroming can improve the corrosion resistance of soft magnetic aloys. OBJECTIVE:To identify the optimal chroming conditions of two soft magnetic aloys, Fe-Cr-Mo and Fe-Ni, so as to improve their corrosion resistance. METHODS:Twelve pieces of square-shaped Fe-Cr-Mo and Fe-Ni soft magnetic aloys were casted in the size of 20 mm×20 mm×2 mm. After sanding and polishing, chrome plating was performed on these specimens and the coating thickness and hardness were measured. The selection factors included electroplate type (hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium), current density (15, 20, 25, 35, 40, 45 A/dm2) and electroplating time (30, 40, 60 minutes). The optimal chroming conditions were determined by one-factor experimental method and the chrome plating was observed under a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cr6+ coating was significantly better than Cr3+ coating in the aspects of hardness, thickness and uniformity, indicating Cr6+ coating can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of Fe-Cr-Mo and Fe-Ni aloys. For Fe-Cr-Mo soft magnetic aloy, the optimal conditions of Cr6+ coating were as folows: current density of 45 A/dm2 and electroplating time of 60 minutes; the optimal conditions of Cr3+ coating were as folows: current density of 20 A/dm2 and electroplating time of 30 minutes. For Fe-Ni soft magnetic aloys, the optimal conditions of Cr6+ coating were as folows: current density of 35 A/dm2 and electroplating time of 60 minutes; the optimal conditions of Cr3+ coating were as folows: current density of 20 A/dm2 and electroplating time of 40 minutes.

In recent years, here are many new understandings in the definition, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of transient ischemic attack (TLA).The latest viewpoint considers that TIA is a transient episode of neurological dysfunction caused by brain, spinal cord or focal retinal ischemia, without the evidence of acute infarction. The duration of TIA is no longer the key factor, whether the existence of infarction or not is the key factor in the differentiation of TIA and ischemic stroke. Therefore ,it should emphasize the importance of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of TIA. As a neurological emergency, the risk level of TIA should be stratified and evaluated, and the active interventions should be performed.

Transient ischemic attack is an unstable cerehrovascular sign and a neurological emergency. The development of neuroimaging not only provides an important approach for insight into the understanding of transient ischemic attack, but also becomes one of the hotspots in the research of transient ischemic attack.

Serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) , osteocalcin (OC) , C-telopeptides of type-1 collagen (CTx) , osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels, and bone mineral density (BMD) were evaluated in 62 hyperthyroid patients and 60 healthy subjects matched for sex and age. In hyperthyroid patients, the biochemical evaluations and bone density were performed before and after 6 months of methimazole ( MMI) treatment. Results showed that the BMD in lumbar spine L2 - L4, neck of femur, Ward's triangle and greater trochanter of patients before treatment were all significantly lower than those in healthy controls, and improved markedly after MMI treatment. The serum bone turnover parameters BAP, OC and CTx in patients before treatment were all significantly higher than those in control group, and were decreased markedly after treatment. The serum OPG level in patients with hyperthyroidism was significantly higher than that in healthy controls, and decreased markedly after treatment. The serum OPG levels were significantly correlated with bone turnover parameters ( BAP, OC, CTx) and BMD, which indicates that serum OPG level can reflect the abnormality of bone metabolism in patients with hyperthyroidism.

In-stent restenosis after stenting is a major problem to perplex the minimally invasive interventional treatment and development in atherosclerotic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.Intravascular inflammatory response is one of the important causes for restenosis after stenting in which as represented by interleukins,the cytokines play complex and variable roles.This article reviews the effects of the expression levels of interleukins on vascular endothelial hyperplasia and the incidence of in-stent restenosis.

BACKGROUND:Temporary crown has been used widely in clinic. The physical properties and biological safety of temporary crown and cement materials are more superior along with the development of material science. OBJECTIVE:To summarize clinical application, physical properties and biological safety of the temporary crown and cement materials. METHODS:PubMed database was searched by the key words of temporary crown, provisional crown, temporary restoration, provisional restoration, interim restoration in English to retrieve relevant articles published from January 2004 to December 2014. Literatures addressing the temporary crown and cement materials were included, and the repetitive researches were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Through the clinical evaluation and experimental study, the physical properties (polymerization shrinkage, polymerization heat production, polymerization monomer release) and biological safety (cytotoxicity, irritation to the soft tissue) of the temporary crown and cement materials are the key problems needed to overcome. With the appearance of new materials and new fabrication methods, the temporary crown and adhesive materials have great application prospect and higher clinical value, but in the exploration process of the laboratory research and clinical application, there are many problems to be solved.