At present,transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an effective procedure widely used in the clinical treatment of portal hypertension.The blood stream in the portal vein can be directly shunted into the hepatic vein through the inserted stent,which helps to reduce portal vein pressure.TIPS provides treatment opportunities for the patients with advanced portal hypertension complicated by intractable ascites and gastroesophageal variceal bleeding and those who are waiting for transplantation or cannot tolerate surgery.The key to success of TIPS is to maintain stent patency after placement,and therefore,post-TIPS monitoring is of vital importance.As a noninvasive,cheap,practical,and repeatable procedure,ultrasound has an important value in post-TIPS monitoring.This article summarizes the role of color Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in evaluating stent function after TIPS.

Objective: To explore the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) on hypoxic pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis in rats. Methods: Twenty four Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control group ( n =8), hypoxia group ( n =8), and hypoxia +NaHS group ( n =8). The plasma level of H 2S was determined by methylene blue spectrophotometric method. VSMC apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL). The protein expressions of Bcl 2, Fas and caspase 3 in pulmonary arteries were detected by immunohistochemical technique. Results: Compared with rats in the control group, the plasma level of H 2S decreased by 36% in rats of hypoxic group . The apoptotic rate per area in VSMCs detected with TUNEL was significantly decreased by 52.9% in rats of hypoxic group . The expressing integral score of Bcl 2 of VSMCs was increased by 123.9%,while Fas protein expression of VSMCs was decreased by 45% and caspase 3 protein expression of VSMCs was not significantly changed in rats of hypoxia group. But compared with rats in the hypoxia group, the plasma level of H 2S increased by 65% in rats of hypoxia+NaHS group. The apoptotic rate in VSMCs of TUNEL was significantly increased by 62.5% in rats of hypoxia+NaHS group. The Bcl 2 protein expression of VSMCs was decreased by 36.4% in rats of hypoxia+NaHS group. The expressing integral scores of Fas and caspase 3 were significantly higher in rats of hypoxia+NaHS group than in those of hypoxia group. Conclusion: Hypoxia decreased the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell apoptosis. H 2S inhibited Bcl 2 protein expression of VSMCs and activated Fas and caspase-3 protein expressions of VSMCs, and therefore promoted the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE:To supply the reference for benchmarking framework of unit dose dispensing(UDD).METHODS:To introduce the running module and the training mode for UDD pharmacists of the UDD management mode,and the working quality was controlled using 6? management pattern.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The benchmarking framework of UDD is feasible in practice and it can help guarantee dispensing accuracy,improve the quality of pharmaceutical care.

12,9.41%(148/1578);RDQ≤12,91.58%(1430/1578).Logistic multiple regression analysis of gastroesophageal reflux correlation factor studied:OR= 2.781.Conclusions The results showed:there were close correlation of high salt diet and GERED.

Aim To explore the interaction between nitric oxide( NO) and hydrogen sulfide(H 2S) on the relaxation reactivity of pulmonary arteries in rats.Methods Seven male healthy rats were anaesthesed with chloral hydrate; the pulmonary artery of each rat was removed for the study. Th e reactivities of pulmonary artery rings in response to different doses of NO do nar-sodium nitroprusside(SNP) and H 2S donar-NaHS were measured in vitro.DL-propargylglycine(PPG)and N?-nitor-L-methyl ester(L-NAME) were provided to pulmonary artery, respectively;the relaxation reactivities of pulmonary artery were observed.Results The relaxation reactivities of pulmonary arteries showed a dose-dependent increase in response to different doses of SNP and H 2S.The relaxation reactivity to SNP decreased by PPG. The relaxation reactivity to H 2S decreased by L-NAME.Conclusion H 2S acted as a vasorelaxator either independently or accompanied with NO, SNP acted as a vasorelaxator either independently or accompanied with H 2S;the networ k of gastransmitter played an important role in the relaxation of pulmonary arte ries.

Objective This study was designed to investigate the importance of H2S in rats with adriamycin-induced dilated cardiomyopathy.Methods Weight-matched adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as follows:(1)the ADR group(n=12)where adriamycin(2.5 mg/kg)was given once a week;(2)ADR + small-dose NaHS group(n=12)where NaHS solution [2.8 ?mol/(kg?d)] was given;(3)ADR+large-dose NaHS group(n=12)where NaHS solution [14 ?mol/(kg?d)] was given;(4)the control group(n=9)where physiological saline was administered instead of adriamycin.(5)NaHS group(n=9)where NaHS solution [14 ?mol/(kg?d)]was given.Hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements were carried out after treatment.Histological examination was implemented at the 10th week after the rats were sacrificed.Meanwhile,H2S concentrations in serum and myocardial tissues were evaluated by modified sulfide electrode method.Results The heart function of ADR rats decreased obviously.Pathological examination demonstrated that characteristics consistentwith cardiomyopathy were found in ADR group.H2S concentrations in serum and myocardial tissues of the rats in ADR group were both significantly decreased as compared with those in the control group(both P

AIM: To observe the level of metallothionein (MT) in liver, aorta and plasma of rabbit with atherosclerosis (AS) in order to recognize the alteration of oxidative defense system in body when AS occurred.METHODS:Preparation of AS model of rabbit induced by having high-fat diet for eight weeks; the levels of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the tissues of liver and aorta and plasma of rabbit.RESULTS:The MT levels in liver tissues and plasma in atherosclerotic group increased 318%( P

AIM: To investigate the changes of ultrastructure in early diabetic rat cornea and the pathogenesis of diabetic keratopathy. METHODS: 20 Sprague-Daxley rats were sacrificed 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks after induction of diabetes mellitus by streptoxotocin. 20 untreated rats at the same age were used as normal controls and were sacrificed at the same intervals. The ultrastructures of cornea were observed with transmission electronic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: During the experimental period, the corneal ultrustructure of diabetic rats showed that epithelial and endothelial cells were swollen, the mitochondrions in the cytoplasm were swollen and increased. The collagen fibers appeared in disarrangement 10 weeks after streptoxotocin treatment. The endothelial of cornea was damaged from the periphery to the center gradually. CONCLUSION: The ultrastructural changes of cornea leads to dysfunction in streptoxotocin-induced diabetic rats, which may be related to the abnormal metabolism in hyperglycemia condition.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of meglumine adenosine cyclosphosp (MAC) on the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits.Methods Twenty four healthy rabbits were randomly divided into control group (n =6),I/R group (n =6),MAC pretreated group (n =6),and MAC treated group (n =6).Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was made by separating and electrocoagulating vertebral arteries and clipping common carotid arteries in the latter 3 groups after anesthesia.The sham-operated group underwent vessel separation without clipping.L/R group was administered with nothing,while MAC pretreated group with MAC before ischemia,and MAC treated group with MAC just after ischemia.Blood was gathered from jugular vein before ischemia,and 30 min,1 h,and 2 h after reperfusion for testing IL-8,superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA).The brain tissue slice was observed by optical microscope.Results Compared to control group and before ischemia,the levels of IL-8 and SOD in serum were significantly increased and decreased,and the levels of MDA was significantly increased at 30 min after reperfusion in I/R group; the levels of IL-8 and MDA in serum were significantly increased,and the levels of SOD in serum was significantly decreased at 1 h and 2 h after reperfusion in I/R group.The levels of IL-8 in serum was less at 30 min and 1 h and 2 h after reperfusion in MAC pretreated group than in I/R group.At 1 h and 2 h after reperfusion,the levels of MDA in serum was less and the levels of SOD in serum was higher in MAC pretreated group than in I/R group.At 1 h and 2 h after reperfusion,the levels of IL-8 in serum were less and the levels of SOD in serum were higher in MAC treated group than in I/R group.The levels of MDA in serum were less at 2 h after reperfusion in MAC treated group than in I/R group.Compared to I/R group,pathological change was lighter in the MAC pretreated and MAC treated group.Conclusions MAC has a fine cerebral-protective effect and has no side effect.

[ABSTRACT]AIM:Toinvestigatetheeffectsofmechanicalstretchontransientoutwardpotassiumcurrent(Ito), inward rectifier potassium current ( IK1 ) and action potential duration ( APD) of cultured neonatal rat atrial myocytes . METHODS:Neonatal rat atrial myocytes were isolated and cultured on silicone sheeting with or without stretch for 24 h. The silicone membrane area was increased by 12%in stretched group.The cells without stretch served as control .Ito, IK1 and APD were recorded by the technique of whole-cell patch clamp.RESULTS:Compared with control group, Ito density in stretched myocytes was significantly reduced [(1.6 ±0.4) pA/pF vs (12.1 ±2.9) pA/pF, P<0.01], whereas IK1 density was increased [(-10.8 ±0.8) pA/pF vs (-8.8 ±0.9) pA/pF, P<0.01].The APDs at 50%and 90%levels of repolarization ( APD50 and APD90 ) in the stretched cells were obviously decreased than those in non-stretched cells [(10.5 ±1.4) ms vs (15.5 ±2.4) ms, (30.0 ±2.8) ms vs (56.3 ±3.6) ms, P<0.01].CONCLUSION: Stretch stimulation leads to the reduction of Ito density, the increase in IK1 density and the shortness of APD in cultured rat atrial neonatal myocytes , which may contribute to atrial electrical remodeling induced by pressure overload .