Objective TodiscusstheevaluationeffectivenessofADCofMR DWIinneoadjuvantchemotherapy (NAC).Methods ThirtyGninepatientswithlocallyadvancedbreastcancerwereenrolledinthisstudy.Allthesepatientswerediagnosedbypuncture biopsyandtreatedwithNAC.DWIwasperformedbeforechemotherapyandafter4cyclesofchemotherapyrespectively.Radicalresectionof breastcancerwasperformedwithinoneweekaftertheendof4cyclesofNAC.Accordingtotheclinicalefficacyorpathologicalresponse,the changesoftumorvolumeandtumorcelldensitybeforeandafterchemotherapyweremeasured.Theresponseoftumorwasdividedas clinicallyeffective,completeremission (CR)+partialremission(PR)andclinicalineffectiveness,stabilizationdisease(SD)+progression disease(PD)ormajorhistologicalresponse (MHR)andnonGmajorhistologicalresponse (NMHR),respectively.Toevaluatethe practicalutilityofneoadjuvantchemotherapy,theADCvaluesweremeasuredinallgroupsandanalyzedstatistically.Results Before NAC,therewasnosignificantdifferenceinADCvaluebetweenCR+PR (0.96±0.22)andSD+PD (0.93±0.14)orMHR (1.05±0.22), NMHR (0.99±0.14).TheratiosofCR+PRand MHR were56.4%and66.7%respectivelyattheendoftreatment,andtheADC valuesinallpatientswerehigherthanthatbeforechemotherapy.However,Therewasnosignificantdifferencebeforeandafterchemotherapy intheSD+PD (1.02±0.19)andNMHR (1.08±0.20)groups (P＞0.05),whileCR+PR (1.47±0.16)and MHR (1.62+0.13) groupsweresignificantlydifferentbeforeandafterchemotherapy(P＜0.05).Therateoftumorvolumechangewaspositivelycorrelated withΔADC (r＝0.539,P＜0.05).Conclusion TheADCvalue canbeusedtoevaluatethevolumeandpathologicalgradeof tumorafterNACbasedon MRIplainscananddynamicscan, whichishelpfulfortimelyandeffectivepredictiveevaluationof chemotherapyeffect.ADCvaluecanbeusedasearlyevaluationofNACforbreastcancerandprognosticindicators.

Objective To understand the effectiveness evaluation research of tumor MDT,and analyze the development status and differences of evaluation tools at home and abroad,to provide reference for the subsequent summary evaluation and continuous improvement of tumor MDT,and the strengthening of MDT supervision.Methods Four literature databases at home and abroad were searched to obtain relevant literatures,and literature screening and systematic review were conducted.Results A total of 87 literatures were included,including 26 literatures in Chinese and 61 literatures in English;the most published years were 2020;the main countries of the first authors were the UK.Foreign evaluation tools focus on the key elements of structure and process,while evaluation systems in China focus on the index content at the result level.Conclusion In China,the scientific and comprehensive selection of tumor MDT evaluation indicators needs to be improved,the analysis of influencing factors on the structure and process of MDT needs to be strengthened,and the extrapolation of the existing evaluation systems need to be verified.It is suggested to strengthen the evidence support of evaluation index selection,attach importance to the evaluation of process links,promote the in-depth study of the influencing factors of tumor MDT,and further encourage the empirical application of the existing evaluation system.

With the development of digital technology， an increasing number of artificial intelligence （AI） technologies are being applied in the field of public health， significantly improving the efficiency of healthcare systems. However， such technological advancement also introduces a series of ethical risks. In this article， we conducted a systematic review by searching nine domestic and international databases and analyzing the ethical issues related to AI in public health， ultimately including 158 articles. Based on the analysis of the included literature， ethical risks were categorized into four aspects： data， algorithms， rights and responsibilities， and social impact. A total of 15 key issues were identified， among which privacy and confidentiality， informed consent， data security， and fairness， justice and inclusion emerged as the most prominent issues. The ethical challenges posed by AI in the field of public health cannot be ignored， and it is necessary to formulate ethical guidelines and practical recommendations for AI in this field， establish sound regulatory and review mechanisms， thereby ensuring the healthy development of AI research in public health.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of Buyang huanwu decoction on the expression of MMPs and TIMPs in cardiac tissue of viral myocarditis （VMC） model mice. METHODS： Male BALb/c mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， positive control group [captopril， 100 mg/（kg·d）]， Buyang huanwu decoction low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups [6， 18， 36 g/（kg·d）]， with 24 mice in each group. Except for control group， other groups were given Coxsackie virus B3 once intraperitoneally to induce VMC model. After modeling， control group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically； administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically； once a day， for consecutive 30 days. The general situation of mice in each group was observed. The day of inoculation was set at 0 d， heart mass to body mass ratio （HW/BW） was measured at 4， 10， 20， 30 d after inoculation. The morphological characteristics of myocardium were observed by HE staining， and the myocardial histopathological scores of myocardium were evaluated. The distribution of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen in myocardium was observed by Abcam picrosirius red staining， and the ratio of type Ⅰ to Ⅲ collagen was calculated. At 30 d， relative expressions of MMP-1， MMP-3， MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in cardiac tissue were detected by Western blotting assay， and the ratio of MMPs to TIMPs was calculated. RESULTS： Compared with control group， mice in model group suffered from irritability， arch back， alleviation of stimulation response， reduction of body mass and even mental depression. Typical inflammatory changes and local interstitial hyperemia were observed in the myocardium， accompanied by a large number of lymphocyte infiltration and distribution of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen. HW/BW （at different time points of 10-30 d）， myocardial histopathological score （at different time points of 4-30 d）， ratio of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen （at different time points of 4-30 d）， the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9， ratio of MMPs to TIMPs were increased significantly， while the expression of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group， above symptoms of mice in administration groups were improved to different extents. HW/BW [at different time points of 10-30 d in administration groups （except for 10 d in Buyang huanwu decoction low-dose group）]， myocardial histopathological score （at different time points of 10-30 d in administration groups）， ratio of type Ⅰand Ⅲ collagen （at different time points of 4-10 d in positive control group and Buyang huanwu decoction high-dose group， at different time points of 20-30 d in Buyang huanwu decoction low-dose and medium-dose groups）， the expression of MMP-1 （positive control group and Buyang huanwu decoction high-dose group） and MMP-9 （administration groups）， ratio of MMPs to TIMPs （administration groups） were decreased significantly， while the expression of MMP-3 （positive control group， Buyang huanwu decoction low-dose and high-dose groups） and TIMP-1 （administration groups） were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Buyang huanwu decoction can inhibit myocardial fibrosis of VMC model mice by inhibiting myocardial collagen hyperplasia， regulating the expression of MMPs and TIMPs， improving MMPs/TIMPs imbalance.

There is an accumulating body of evidence implicating the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 4 (M₄) in schizophrenia and dementia with Lewy bodies, however, a clinically validated M₄ positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand is currently lacking. As such, the aim of this study was to develop a suitable M₄ PET ligand that allows the non-invasive visualization of M₄ in the brain. Structure-activity relationship studies of pyrazol-4-yl-pyridine derivates led to the discovery of target compound 12 - a subtype-selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM). The radiofluorinated analogue, [¹⁸F] 12, was synthesized in 28 ± 10% radiochemical yield, >37 GBq/μmol and an excellent radiochemical purity >99%. Initial in vitro autoradiograms on rodent brain sections were performed in the absence of carbachol and showed moderate specificity as well as a low selectivity of [¹⁸F] 12 for the M₄-rich striatum. However, in the presence of carbachol, a significant increase in tracer binding was observed in the rat striatum, which was reduced by >60% under blocking conditions, thus indicating that orthosteric ligand interaction is required for efficient binding of [¹⁸F] 12 to the allosteric site. Remarkably, however, the presence of carbachol was not required for high specific binding in the non-human primate (NHP) and human striatum, and did not further improve the specificity and selectivity of [¹⁸F] 12 in higher species. These results pointed towards significant species-differences and paved the way for a preliminary PET study in NHP, where peak brain uptake of [¹⁸F] 12 was found in the putamen and temporal cortex. In conclusion, we report on the identification and preclinical development of the first radiofluorinated M₄ PET radioligand with promising attributes. The availability of a clinically validated M₄ PET radioligand harbors potential to facilitate drug development and provide a useful diagnostic tool for non-invasive imaging.