BACKGROUND:Methylene blue can hinder abnormal pain conduction via the sensory nerve, and its mechanism is to block bradykinin-induced hyperalgesia and eliminate pain caused by local tissue inflammation.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the influence of methylene blue solution on the lumbar spinal cord and spinal ganglia function of rats, and to investigate whether methylene blue is safe for treating discogenic low back pain.
METHODTotal y 120 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groupthree experimental groups, a saline control group and a blank control group, n=24 in each group. Lumbar segmental dura was exposed in rats. In the three experimental groups, 0.2, 1, and 2 mL methylene blue were injected epidural y, respectively. The saline control group was subjected to the epidural injection of 1 mL saline. In the blank control group, there was no treatment. Six rats from each group were selected randomly and perfused at 30 minutes, 2 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours after injection, respectively. Then, the corresponding segments of the spinal cord and ganglions were removed. Hematoxylin eosin staining was used for comparing histological and structural changes under light microscope.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that at 30 minutes, 2 hours, 24 hours and 72 hours after injection of methylene blue, the spinal dorsal side exhibited the structural integrity, clear boundaries between the white matter and gray matter, dense nerve fibers in the white matter, and round or oval nuclei of glial cells among fibers;dense nerve fibers in the posterior horn of gray matter;light-colored neuronal nuclei with prominent nucleoli;a bundle of nerve fibers among cellpopulations. There was no significant change in tissue structure of lumbar spinal cord and spinal ganglia between the experimental groups and the saline control group or between the experimental groups and the blank control group. Thus, the epidural injection of 1%methylene blue has no significant effect on the spinal cord and spinal nerve structures.

BACKGROUND:It is controversial whether anterior approach alone, or combined anterior and posterior approaches were used for high level and multiple segments of severe ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the difference of anterior approach versus combined anterior and posterior approaches for the treatment of high level and multiple segments of severe ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament.
METHODS:A total of 21 cases of high level and multiple segments of severe ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament were included in this study. There were 9 males, aged 56-72 years, and 12 females, aged 58-70 years. We used anterior decompression and titanium mesh bone graft fusion in 11 cases which lesion located between C2-5 vertebra, and ossification excision, combined anterior (titanium mesh plate and screw) and posterior (lateral mass screw) approaches in 10 cases which between C3-7 vertebra. Japanese Orthopaedic Association score system was used to evaluate the results. The excellent and good rate and improvement rate were calculated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The excellent and good rate was 90%and improvement rate was 82%in 10 cases using combined anterior and posterior approaches. The excellent and good rate was 73%and improvement rate was 73%in 11 cases using anterior treatment alone. Significant differences in the excellent and good rate and improvement rate were detected between the two groups (P<0.05). These suggested that combined anterior and posterior approaches for high level and multiple segments of severe ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament is a better operative procedure.

In order to further deepen the reform of public hospitals, to improve the qualified personnel training in Qingpu, and to enhance the overall level of medical health development, Qingpu Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning In October 2011, a new round of disciplinary construction and personnel training project was also started.Moreover, financial support has been provided to the project.By assessing the whole process, not only has the level of discipline personnel training and medical technology shown significant improvement, the tutors who provided the training also express academic interest and have new a vision for talent cultivation.Qingpu Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning launched a new round of comprehensive program on researcher training and disciplinary construction in 2011, aimed to further deepen the reform of public hospitals,improve the capacity of health research in Qingpu, Shanghai.We have assessed this program and found that this program has significantly improved the quality of training, and medical technology level in those hospitals;in addition, trainees has shown the increase in the interesting in conducting research and raised vision and prospects.

6(mmol/L).) Nicardipine(1?10~(-9) mol/L) could decrease the contraction of the rings to NE,and even could inhibit the relaxation of Na_2SO_3/NaHSO_3 almost completely.The inhibition of the endogenous SO_2 production with HDX(1?10~(-4) mol/L),resulted in an increase in the contraction of rings.The contraction curve to NE shifted to the left,and IC_(50) also changed from(6.48?0.84)?10~(-7)mol/L to(3.97?(1.63))?10~(-7) mol/L(P

12,9.41%(148/1578);RDQ≤12,91.58%(1430/1578).Logistic multiple regression analysis of gastroesophageal reflux correlation factor studied:OR= 2.781.Conclusions The results showed:there were close correlation of high salt diet and GERED.

Objective To identify the effects of parenteral nutrition (PN) on the gene expressions of rat intestinal inflammatory cytokincs and receptors and to explore the role of these changes in PN-related intestinal impairment. Methods Totally 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into the control group and the PN group. A silastic catheter was inserted into the right jugular vein of each rat. No food or water was administered to the PN group except for a continuous 24-hour PN infusion through the silastic catheter in the jugular vein. The control group, while being regularly fed, was administered with an infusion of normal saline through the silastic catheter in thc jugular vein. After 7 days, intestinal tissues were taken for electron microscopy and real-time PCR array to analyze thc microstructure change in rat intestine and thc gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines and their receptors. Results Electron microscopy revealed atrophy of microvillus, engorgement of mitochondria, cell-cell junction breakage, and several apoptotic bodies in the PN group and normal intestinal microstructure in the control group. Compared with the control group, the PN group showed an up-regulation in the gene expressions of interferon γ, interleukin-1 receptor type I , interlcukin-8 receptor type b and a down-regulation in the gene expressions of CC chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) , CCL19, CCL21, CCL22, CCL9, CXC chemokine receptor 3, CC chemokine receptor 3 ( CCP3 ), CCR7, CCR5, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-10. Conclusions PN influences the gene expressions of rat intestinal inflammatory cytokincs and receptors. The expression of cytokine interferon γ increases and that of interleukin-10 declines, and the expressions of CCL19, CCL21, CXC chemokine receptor 3, CCR3,CCR7, and CCR5 decline. The alterations of these genes may be associated with the impairment of intestinal immune and mechanical functions.

AIM To explore the effect of long-term nebulized inhalation of nitroglycerin (Neb-NTG) on high pulmonary blood flow-induced pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). METHODS 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into shunting group, Neb group and control group. An arteries-venous shunt was performed between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava shunting was produced in rats of Neb and shunt groups. Twelve weeks after the operation, nebulized nitroglycerin was inhaled by rats in the Neb group using pressurized air ejection mobilization, while nebulized saline was inhaled by rats of the other two groups. Ten minutes inhalation was given each day for each rat. After three weeks of inhalation, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and mean pressure (PAMP) of each rat were evaluated by using a right cardiac catheterization procedure. Systemic arterial pressure (SAP) was reorded continuously by catheterization procedure. The ratio of right ventricular mass to body weight (RV/BW) and the ratio of right ventricular mass to left ventricular plus septal mass (RV/LV+S) were detected. Pulmonary vascular microstructure was measured. RESULTS PASP, RV/BW and RV/LV+S were significantly increased in shunt rats as compared with those of normal controls (P0.05). Muscularization of small pulmonary artery was obviously decreased in Neb-group compared with shunt group. CONCLUSION Long-term Neb-NTG ameliorates high pulmonary blood flow-induced PAH and pulmonary vascular remodeling.

ObjectiveTo assess the reliability and validity of Chinese version of tools in measuring yangsheng.MethodsChinese version of tools in measuring yangsheng was administered to 706 elderly citizens and evaluated for the reliability and validity.ResultsThe fittingness of the both exiting model were unidentified.A model of six factors and twenty-six items was determined using exploratory factor analysis.The fitness of such model was perfect ( RMSEA =0.050,AGFI =0.871,GFI =0.902,NFI =0.903,CFI =0.953 ) and all the construct reliability were more than 0.6 while the average variance extracted were higher than 0.5 except the diet yangsheng factor.The Cronbach's α of Chinese version of tools in measuring yangsheng was 0.918 and Cronbach's α of factors were all above 0.7.ConclusionThe Chinese version of tools in measuring yangsheng appears to have good validity and reliability to estimate the Yangsheng of elderly citizens in China.

Objective To evaluate the clinical presentations,pathologic characteristics,and the diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic cystitis.Methods Two cases of eosinophilic cystitis were analyzed,and the relevant literature was reviewed.Case 1,a 63-year-old man,complained of voiding urgency and frequency,dysuria,intermittent hematuria,and lower abdominal pain.Cystoscopic examination showed that an about 5cm?3cm abnormal focus was 0.2-0.4 cm above bladder mucosa at the fundus of the bladder.Case 2,a 42-year-old woman,complained of voiding urgency and frequency,dysuria,and suprapubic pain with intermittent hematuria.Cystoscopic examination showed that about 4 cm?3 cm?2 cm abnormal foci of cauliflower-like were 0.3-0.4 cm above bladder mucosa at the fundus and neck of the bladder.Imaging examinations(Bultrasound,CT and IVU) showed diffuse thickening of bladder wall and tumor-like lesions.They both underwent transurethral resection of the lesions and were treated with oral steroids and antibiotics.Results Postoperative pathology confirmed eosinophilic cystitis in both cases.The follow-up was 6 months.The voiding symptoms disappeared,and imaging examinations showed no space-occupying lesions of the bladder in them.Up to now,there has no evidence of relapse.Conclusions Eosinophilic cystitis is a very rare tumor-like inflammatory disease.It is easily misdiagnosed as bladder neoplasm.Cystoscopy and biopsy are gold standard for the diagnosis.Current treatment modalities include transurethral resection of the bladder lesion along with nonspecific medical therapy.

ObjectiveTo investigate safety and efficacy of one-stage pedicle screw fixation plus 360° spinal canal decompression and reconstruction in treatment of severe thoracolumbar burst fractures.MethodsThe study reviewed 11 patients (8 males and 3 females, at age range of 19-59 years, mean 34.4 years) with severe thoracolumbar burst fracture, who underwent one-stage posterior pedicle screw fixation, 360° spinal canal decompression and reconstruction. The injury location was at T12 in one patient, at L1 in three, at L2 in two, at L3 in three and at L4 in two. According to AO classification, all patients were with type A 3.3 fractures. McCormack load score was 7-9 points ( average 8.2 points). Based on the Frankel' s scale, the spinal cord function was classified as grade A in one patient, grade B in one,grade C in five and grade D in four. ResultsAll the operations accomplished successfully, with operation duration for 3.5-4.5 hours ( mean 4.1 hours) , blood loss for 900-2 800 ml ( mean 1 750 ml) and allogeneic blood transfusion for 400-1 200 ml ( average 760 ml). There was no complication either during or after operation. The loss rate of the anterior vertebrae column height was 48％ -85％ ( average 64.2％ )before operation and recovered to 95％ -100％ (average 98.6％ ) of the normal. The kyphotic Cobb angle was at -12°-35 ° ( average 12.1 ° ) before operation and recovered to - 30°-7 ° ( average - 8.1 ° ) after operation. The spinal canal stenosis rate was improved remarkably. The patients were followed up for 10-18 months (average 14. 5 months), which showed solid bone fusion, with no implant failure. The spinal cord function was improved Ⅰ to Ⅲ degrees in all patients except for one patient at grade A. One patient had mild lower back pain.ConclusionsOne-stage pedicle screw fixation plus 360° spinal canal decompression and reconstruction is a good alternative for severe thoracolumbar burst fracture, but it is essential for choosing strictly the surgical indications.