It was pointed out that the development of theory of TCM was restricted by the indistinct concepts.The advantages and disadvantages of the concept between traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine were analyzed.Basing on literature researches and modern science researches can solve the concept problems of the theory of TCM.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the curative effect and economics of prostaglandins drugs in the treatment of glauco-ma,and to provide reference for clinical medication. METHODS:In retrospective study,a total of 790 glaucoma patients were di-vided into latanoprost group(62 cases),travoprost group(356 cases)and bimatoprost group(372 cases)according to therapy regi-men. They were given relevant medicine. Total effective rate of 3 groups were calculated,and the cost-minimization method was used for pharmacoeconomics evaluation. RESULTS:The total effective rate of 3 groups were 87.10%,84.27%,76.08% respective-ly,without statistical significance(P>0.05). The cost of them were 208.00 yuan,225.00 yuan and 173.00 yuan,and that of bima-toprost group was the lowest. The results of sensitivity analysis was in line with that of cost-minimization analysis. CONCLU-SIONS:For glaucoma,bimatoprost is more economical than latanoprost and travoprost.

0.05). The 5-year survival rates were 77.4% in LS group and 75.7% in OS group for stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ (P=0.626), and 71.8% in LS group and 65.6% in OS group for stage Ⅲ(P=0.517), respectively. Conclusion: Long-term effect of laparoscopic resection is similar to that of open resection for colon cancer, but laparoscopic surgery has less long-term complications.

Since the examination of doctor's qualifications came into effect, methods that are set by standard to judge whether one passes the examination or not were in dispute all the while. This article is going to introduce four kinds of methods (Angoff method、Modified Angoff method、Nedelsky method、Borderline group method) which are commonly used at home and abroad. Summarizing their advantages, disadvantages and the usage in the process of standards setting in various countries, we aim to provide reference for setting cutoff score of the examination of doctor's qualifications in China.

Objective To explore the reasons and countermeasure of the complications after proce-dure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH).Methods From March 2006 to November 2007,a total of 78 patients with Ⅲ-and Ⅳ-degree hemorrhoids underwent PPH.The reasons and countermeasure of the complications were analyzed retrospectively.Results The average operation time time was(16.8±3.4)rain,the average blood loss was(12.0±2.1)ml,and the average hospitalization was(4.0±2.7)days.Patients were followed up for 1-20 months and(13.4±1.7) months for average,follow-up rate time was 92.3% (72/78).Comptications included urinary retention in 24 cases(33.3%),anastomotic bleedings in 5 cases (6.9%),reopelative hemostasis in 1 case(1.4%),postoperative pain of anal in 7 cases(9.7%),severe pain in 1 case(1.4%),slight encopresis in 1 case(1.4%),recurrence in 1 case(1.4%),2 cases(2.8%)were found stricture in rectum at 2,4 months after the procedure and no case appeared rectovaginal fistula.Con-clusion PPH forⅢ-and Ⅳ degree hemorrhoids is effective with fewer complications,which can be pre-vented by standard and skillful operation.

Objective To investigate effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on endothelial function in elderly patients with essential hypertension. Methods Seventy-three elderly patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension and 55 normal elderly people as control were recruited into the study. Their humeral arterial endothelial vasodilatation function was studied with high-resolution ultrasonography and ACE I/D genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Results Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation function of the three-genotype subgroups of the elderly patients with essential hypertension was significantly lower than that in the controls with the same genotypes (5.5±1.9 vs 11.9±1.3 in Ⅱ genotypa, 4.7±2.0 vs 10.9±1.6 in ID genotype and 2.9±1.9 vs 9.4±2.6 in DD genotype, with all P<0.01 ). In both groups of hypertensives and normotensives, humeral arterial endothelium-dependent vasedilatation function was significantly lower in those with DD genotype than that in those with Ⅱ genotype (2.9±1.9 vs 5.5±1.9 in hypertensive group and 9.4±2.6 vs 11.9±1.3 in control group, both P<0.05 ). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that endothelium-dependent vasodilatation function in hypertensive elderly people correlated in linearity with their ACE genotype (P<0.01 ). Conclusions ACE gene I/D polymorphism is associated with abnormal humeral arterial endothelium-dependent vasodilatation function of humeral artery in patients with essential hypertension.

Objective To investigate the effects of lentivirus-mediated heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene on calcium homeostasis and calcium channels of PC12 cells induced by ischemic and hypoxia and its mechanisms. Methods PC12 cells at logarithmic phase were collected, and they were divided into recombined lentiviral infection group [infected by lentivirus containing HSP70 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescin gene], lentivirus control group (infected by lentivirus containing GFP without HSP70 gene) and non-infection group. PC12 cells were subjected ischemia/hypoxia for 4, 8, 12, 24 hours, and the cell activity was determined by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay test inorder to determine the best time for ischemia/hypoxia. The mRNA expressions of HSP70, muscle/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATP isoforms (SERCA2a, SERCA2b), ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the protein expressions of HSP70, SERCA, and IP3R were determined by Western Blot at 8 hours after ischemic/hypoxia. Flow cytometry was used to determine the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen (ROS) and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). Results With the prolongation of time of ischemia/hypoxia, the cell viability in all groups showed an increase followed by a weakening, and peaked at 8 hours. The cell viability at 8 hours in lentiviral infection group was significantly higher than that of the non-infection group and lentivirus control group [A value (×10-2): 20.3±2.2 vs. 14.1±2.1, 15.0±1.6, both P < 0.01], the mRNA and protein expressions of HSP70 and SERCA in lentiviral infection group were significantly increased [HSP70 mRNA (2-ΔΔCt ): 0.785±0.018 vs. 0.428±0.019, 0.423±0.023; HSP70 protein (gray value): 2.72±0.20 vs. 1.56±0.36, 1.63±0.41; SERCA2a mRNA (2-ΔΔCt ): 0.971±0.037 vs. 0.367±0.014, 0.347±0.012; SERCA2b mRNA (2-ΔΔCt ): 8.869±0.162 vs. 3.015±0.091, 2.941±0.091; SERCA protein (gray value): 2.84±0.18 vs. 1.48±0.26, 1.52±0.29], and IP3R2 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly declined [IP3R2 mRNA (2-ΔΔCt ): 0.183±0.020 vs. 0.439±0.020, 0.433±0.040; IP3R2 protein (gray value): 1.15±0.12 vs. 1.91±0.20, 1.83±0.19], with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.01); no significant difference in RyR mRNA was found [2-ΔΔCt (×10-3): 1.97±0.63 vs. 2.02±0.22, 2.01±0.09, both P > 0.05]; the relative fluorescence intensity of ROS and [Ca2+]i in lentiviral infection group was significantly reduced (ROS: 30.54±1.23 vs. 58.03±1.97, 57.72±2.35; [Ca2+]i: 34.50±2.05 vs. 48.20±3.02, 46.80±2.75, all P < 0.01]. Conclusion Exogenous HSP70 can maintain calcium homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum of PC12 cells, affect the Ca2+ channel protein regulated by calcium channel IP3R and calcium pump SERCA, which may cause hypoxia/ischemia intracellular injury.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Bcl-2 associated with athanogene-1 (BAG-1) gene on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation,and its influence on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression.Methods The SH-SYSY cells at logarithmic growth phase were collected.Lenti virus mediated RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to suppress the BAG-1 expression.The cells screened out can be divided into four groups:the cell control group with no lentivirus infection,lentivirus control group (containing only fluorescein protein lentivirus infection),BAG-1 siRNA group (BAG-1 siRNA silencing group),including BAG-1 siRNA-α group and BAG-1 siRNA-β group with lentivirus containing fluorescein protein (GFP) but at different BAG-1 siRNA target sites of silencing.Western Blot was used to detect the protein expression of BAG-1 and HSP70 in target cells after infectious recombination lentivirus for 72 hours;the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect the activity of four different group cells after hypoxia;the flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis;the HSP70 mRNA transcription level were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) respectively in each group.Results After lentiviral infection for 72 hours,the Western Blot results showed that in the two BAG-1 siRNA silencing groups,the interference effect of BAG-1 siRNA-β group was superior to that of BAG-1 siRNA-α group.The cell viability of each group showed an increase followed by a decrease with the prolongation of hypoxia time,and reaching the peak at 8 hours.After hypoxia for 8 hours being given,the cell viability in BAG-1 siRNA-β group was significantly lower than that of the cell control group,lentivirus control group and BAG-1 siRNA-α group (A value:0.59 ±0.09 vs.0.94±0.12,0.90± 0.11,0.91± 0.14,P ＜ 0.01);the cell apoptosis rate was obviously higher in BAG-1 siRNA-β than that in the above three groups [(34.63 ± 3.46)％ vs.(14.83 ± 3.75)％,(19.93 ± 6.49)％,(16.40± 1.18)％,all P ＜ 0.01].There were no statistically significant differences in the HSP70 protein level and mRNA transcription level between BAG-1 siRNA-3 grroup,and the cell control group,lentivirus control group and BAG-1 siRNA-α group respectively (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion BAG-1 gene can play a role in protection of hypoxia nerve cells,reduce the apoptosis,and its protective effect can be independent of HSP70 gene.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of Artemisia argyi ferment substance on systemic Candida albicans infection. Methods The model of systemic Candida albicans infection was established in immunosuppressed mice. The model mice were randomly divided into the model control,Artemisia argyi ferment substance( AAFS) at different doses(100,200,and 400 mg·kg-1 )and fluconazole group(20 mg·kg-1 ),30 mice in each. Mice in each treatment group were given therapeutic drugs by gavage for 5 consecutive days,twice daily. The survival of mice was determined 21 days after the model was set up. The serum levels of IFN-γand IL-2 were determined by ELISA. The proliferation activity of T lymphocyte in the spleen was detected by MTT assay. The number of living fungi in liver and kidney tissues was counted. Results Compared with the model control,AAFS at middle and high doses and fluconazole significantly increased the survival rate of mice,the serum levels of IFN-γand IL-2,and the proliferation activity of T lymphocyte in the spleen,but decreased the number of living fungi in tissues(P〈0. 01). Compared with low dose AAFS,middle and high doses of AAFS and fluconazole showed significantly different effect on each index(P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01),but there was no difference among these groups(P〉0. 05). Conclusion AAFS at 200-400 mg·kg-1 has inhibitory effects on systemic Candida albicans infection in mice,the mechanism of which is related to increasing the proliferation of T lymphocyte in spleen and the levels of IFN-γand IL-2 in serum.

Objective To investigate epidemiologically the prevalence of obesity and overweight in Mongolian and Han residents aged over 55 years old in pastoral area of Inner Mongolia,China.Method From 2008 to 2009,with diagnostic criteria of overweight and obesity adopted by Chinese and World Health Organization (WHO),an epidemiological investigation was carried out in 9 146 subjects.Result The incidences of obesity and overweight in Mongolian and Han residents were 32.43％ (32.25％ by WHO criteria),19.09％ (9.91％),and 33.60％ (29.85％),15.19％ (7.66％),respectively.The prevalence of obesity in Mongolian residents was higher than that in Han residents (x2 =16.272,P＜0.01).The status of obesity in Mongolian and Han female residents was more marked than that in male residents (P ＜ 0.05).Overweight between male and female of Han population was different(x2 =5.541,P =0.019).The prevalence of obesity between Mongolian and Han was statistically different (x2 =16.272,P＜0.01).Waist circumference,waist/height ratio,and body mass index between Mongolian and Han were also different (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Differences in prevalence of overweight and obesity were found between Mongolian and Han ethnics among residents aged over 55 in pastoral area of Inner Mongolia,China.