Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of grip strength, three simple lung functions[functional volume capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1)and peak expiratory flow(PEF)], 6-minute walking distance test(6MWD)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)for assessing overall integrative function in elderly versus non-elderly patients with coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods:A total of 35 hospitalized CAD patients aged 70.4±10.6 years from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively enrolled.Patients were divided into the non-elderly group(<65 years, n=8)and the elderly group(≥65 years, n=27). FVC, FEV1 and PEF were tested by a portable lung function machine.The grip strength, 6MWD, three simple lung functions(FVC, FEV1, PEF), LVEF and echocardiography were detected after admission.The above indexes were re-examined in outpatient clinic at 3 months after discharge.The results of above indexes were compared at admission versus at three months after discharge.The consistency and correlation between FVC, FEV1, PEF, 6MWD, grip strength and LVEF were analyzed.Results:The detected results of FVC, FEV1, PEF, 6MWD, left-hand grip strength, right-hand grip strength and LVEF showed no significant difference at admission versus at 3 months after discharge( P>0.05)in a total of 35 hospitalized CAD patients.Pearson bivariate correlation analysis showed that FVC, FEV1, PEF, left-hand and right-hand grip strength had pairwise correlation between them( P<0.01).6MWD had no correlation with LVEF.And LVEF was related with FVC and FEV( P<0.01), but not related with PEF, 6MWD and grip strength( P>0.05). The detective values of FVC, FEV1, PEF, 6MWD, left-hand and right-hand grip strength were lower in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group[(2.11±0.66 )L vs.(2.88±0.55) L, (1.74±0.46 )L vs.(2.62±0.49 )L, (5.50±1.79 )m/s vs.(8.22±1.59) m/s, (332.07±115.58)m vs.(446.14±99.81 )m, (25.14±7.87) vs.(35.15±8.30), (27.37±8.39 )kg vs.(38.37±10.20)kg, P<0.01]. LVEF had no significant difference between the two age groups. Conclusions:FVC, FEV1, PEF, 6MWD and grip strength are lower in elderly group than in non-elderly group.A comprehensive set of tests of grip strength, three simple lung function and 6MWT is helpful to evaluate the overall integrative function in elderly CHD patients.

Objective To investigate the internal quality control ( IQC ) on clinical chemistry , clinical immunology and clinical hematology in mutual recognition laboratories in medical institutions in Beijing.Methods By means of questionnaire survey and on -site investigation, fresh frozen serum and whole blood samples with assigned values by reference method were measured to investigate the status of IQC on clinical chemistry , clinical immunology and clinical hematology in 142 mutual recognition laboratories in medical institutions of Beijing,and results were analyzed.Results 142 copies of questionnaireson clinical chemistry, clinical immunology and clinical hematology were send out and 120, 97, and 101 laboratories returned the questionnaires respectively .The information feedback rate was 84.5%, 68.3% and 71.1%respectively .All the questionnaires were effective .Questionnaires survey results showed that more than 50%laboratories set up quality control goals and the most of the goals were probability for error detection ( Ped) 95%, probability for false rejection(Pfr)5%;About 70% laboratories usecd the same quality control plan for different tests ;The most frequently used quality control rules are 12s/13s/22s.On-site investigation showed that ,take the results of clinical chemistry for example , based on the desirable biological variation and WS/T 403 -2012 , most of the tests can't meet the quality control goalsunder the existing quality controlcondition.Conclusion Clinical laboratories should consider their actual situations , assess their own qualitylevels that they can reach , set reasonable quality standards for themselves , and make appropriateindividualized quality control plan.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system.There is increasing incidence of MS globally, and the incidence of pediatric MS is relatively low.Environment and genetics both contribute to the causes of MS, while the specific etiology is unknown.MS is characterized by dissemination in time(DIT) and dissemination in space(DIS). Pathology is progressive since first attack, and the treatment is progressive even for a lifetime.The McDonald MS criteria was revised again in 2017 for diagnosing this disease earlier.Several drugs have been developed in recent years, and some drugs have guide of children dosage.However, treatment for children is still off-label.This article introduces the epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation and pathology of MS.

【Objective】 To compare the enhancement effects of lean body weight （LBW） and total body weight （TBW） as indexes to calculate the contrast agent dosage under the condition of energy spectrum CT scanning. 【Methods】 A total of 218 patients who received liver enhancement CT from November 2018 to January 2019 were enrolled in this study. There were 101 patients in LBW group and 117 patients in TBW group. Both groups were scanned by energy spectrum CT， and the parameters of scanning and reconstruction were identical. The contrast agent dose was 500 mgI/kg （LBW） in LBW group and 450 mgI/kg （TBW） in TBW group， and the injection rate was 2.8 mL/s. Images were transferred to a GE AW4.7 workstation and the 50 keV monochromatic images were analyzed. We compared the dosage of contrast medium， CT value of aorta in arterial phase （HU-aorta）， hepatic enhancement CT value in venous phase （-liver）， the rate of reaching the enhancement standard and variability in the two groups. 【Results】 Compared with TBW group， LBW group had lower contrast agent dosage， HU-aorta and ∆-liver （P<0.05）， LBW and TBW group had no statistically different enhanced rate of HU-aorta as （91.09% vs. 90.60%） or ∆-liver （92.08% vs. 88.89%） （P>0.05）. The variation rate of HU-aorta and ∆-liver in LBW group was lower than that in TBW group. Using LBW as an index to calculate the dosage of liver enhanced CT also made the enhancement of liver parenchyma more consistent in different patients. 【Conclusion】 Even on the premise of energy spectrum CT scanning， using LBW-based contrast injection in liver enhanced CT can not only reduce contrast dose， but also make the enhancement in liver parenchyma more consistent among different patients.

Humans ; East Asian People ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vitiligo/epidemiology*