Background: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in recent years, and the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD remain unclear.Studies showed that disorder of bile acid metabolism plays an important role in the pathological process of experimental colitis.However, serum bile acid profile in IBD patients has not been reported.Aims: To investigate the changes of serum bile acid profile in patients with IBD.Methods: Seven healthy controls, 15 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 16 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) at Shanghai Xin Hua Hospital were enrolled.High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine serum bile acid profile.Results: No significant differences in serum concentrations of primary bile acid cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) were found between UC or CD and controls (P>0.05).Compared with controls, serum concentration of secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA) in UC patients was significantly decreased (P<0.05), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) in CD patients were significantly decreased (P<0.05), serum concentration of lithocholic acid (LCA) in UC and CD patients was significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusions: The serum bile acid profile in IBD patients is significantly changed, which suggests that it may be involved in the pathological process of IBD.

Objective To construct the antisense eukaryotic vector of human TRP-1 (tyrosinase related protein 1) encoding gene, and transfect it into TRP-1 highly expressed melanocytes and malignant melanoma cell line, in order to further study the effects of antisense TRP-1 on the proliferation and functions of those cells. Methods TRP-1 cDNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR products were subcloned into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 on the opposite direction. Antisense recombinant vector was transfected into melanocytes and melanoma cell line. TRP-1 mRNA level was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). TRP-1 protein level was detected by Western blot. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. The activity of tyrosinase was valued by L-dopa reaction. Results The recombinant antisense vector pcDNA3.1/TRP-1(-) was constructed. Positive transfected cells could steadily express TRP-1 antisense RNA. It was showed that there was a low level of TRP-1 mRNA as indicated by RT-PCR, and a low level of TRP-1 protein as indicated by Western blot. Cell cycles were blocked in G1 stage. The suppress rates of tyrosinase was 46% in transfected melanocytes and 54% in malignant melanoma cells, respectively. Conclusions TRP-1 plays an important role in the proliferation and functions of melanocytes and melanoma cells. Antisense TRP-1 could block the cell cycles and decrease the activity of tyrosinese in those cells.

Objective:To find out the optimal ratio of tip projection to nasal length for Chinese in order to help doctors to reduce the dissatisfactory rate of rhinoplasty.Methods:The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with rhinoplasty from June 2015 to June 2018. The patients were classified into satisfactory, underprojected and overprojected groups. The average, maximum, minimum of tip projection (TP), nasal length (NL) and TP/NL, median of TP/NL of each group were measured. The results were used in later patients to assess their efficacy by comparing the dissatisfactory rates of patients before and after June 2018.Results:In satisfactory group, the mean of TP/NL was 0.63 with minimum 0.56, maximum 0.69, and median 0.64 in primary cases, while the mean of TP/NL was 0.63 with minimum 0.52, maximum 0.75, and median 0.64 in secondary cases. In underprojected group, the mean of TP/NL was 0.60 with median 0.58. In overprojected group, the mean of TP/NL was 0.64 with median 0.65. The dissatisfactory rates of patients before and after June 2018 were 8% and 2.2%, respectively ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The optimal ratio of tip projection to nasal length for Chinese is near 0.63-0.64. Combined with the desire of patient, it is possible for doctors to satisfy the patients by controlling tip projections between 2.5 cm to 2.8 cm.

Objective:To assess the possibility of allogenic decalcified bone matrix used as material to rebuild the midline structure in rhinoplasty.Methods:From January 2018 to June 2018, allogenic decalcified bone matrix was used as material to rebuild the midline structure in rhinoplasty in six carefully selected patients, who did not have enough septum and conchal cartilage to be harvested and refused to have costal cartilage harvested. Nasal length and tip projection were measured preoperatively, 2 weeks and 18 months postoperatively.Results:All patients were satisfied with the appearance of the nose two weeks after operation. However, four patients experienced the reduction of tip projection in 18 months postoperatively and needed revised rhinoplasty. In the revised operation, the implanted allogenic decalcified bone matrix could not be removed integrally. Matrix residues were harvested and observed under the microscope, which showed fragment of the matrix and fibers surrounded by inflammatory cells and foreign-body giant cells. No osteocyte was found in the ground substances of bone.Conclusion:The commercial allogenic decalcified bone matrix applied in this study is not recommended to use as the material for rebuilding the midline structure in rhinoplasty.