Objective To build rat models and observe changes of behavior and monoamine of PDD. Methods The rats were injected with 6-OHDA and accepted CUMS for the establishment of PDD model , so as to assess its behavior changes and detect brain tissue monoamine contents by ELISA. Results Significant behavioral and monoamine abnormalities can be observed in model rats. Behavioral and monoamine improvement can be observed after treated with Chaigan Jieyou. Conclusion The PDD model can be established by 6-OHDA and CUMS. Chaigan Jieyou decoction may reach therapeutic purposes by increasing monoamine contents.

Objective To explore the neuroprotection of Pabing Formula I Granules for Parkinson's disease (PD) rats. Methods PD rats were induced with injection of 6-hydroxy dopamine twice stereotaxically into the left striatum. 40 rats modeled successfully were divided into model group (n=12), high dose group (n=14) and low dose group (n=14), and the other 8 rats were as normal group. The high dose group and low dose group received Pabing Formula I Granules 18 g/kg and 9 g/kg respectively, while the model group and normal group were given distilled water at the same volume, once a day for 32 d. Then, they were assessed with rotation test. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) of their left striatum were measured, and the expression of P-Akt (ser 473), Bcl-2, and Bax in substantia nigra were detected with immunohistochemistry. Results The rotation released was significant different among the model, high dose and the low dose groups after treatment (P<0.01), with the activities of SOD (P<0.01) and the content of GSH (P<0.01) increasing and the content of MDA (P<0.01) descreasing. There was significant difference in the content of GSH (P<0.01) and MDA (P<0.01) between the high and the low dose groups. There was significant difference in expression of P-Akt (ser 473), Bcl-2 and Bax among the model, high dose and the low dose groups, as well as the Bcl-2/Bad ratio (P<0.05). Conclusion Pabing Formula I Granules plays neuroprotective effect through enhancing antioxidation and eliminating free radicals ability and Akt signaling pathway, which appears as dose-effect relationship.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Chaigan Jieyou decoction in treating Parkinson's disease depression (PDD).Methods Applying the method of simple random contrast,this research collects 70 patients who meet the study criteria and divide the patients into two groups of 35 peoples each:Chaigan Jieyou decoction group,which received treatment of Chaigan Jieyou decoction and fluoxetine group with treatment of fluoxetine.Treatment period was 2 months.Apply the HAMD-17 (Hamilton Depression Scale),Beck Depression Scale (Beck Depression Inventory,BDI),Parkinson's composite score (unified Parkinson disease rating scale,UPDRS) and TCM symptoms rating scale to evaluate the clinical efficacy before and after treatment.Resuits Compared the two groups by HAMD Score reduction rate,there is no statistical significance in the general efficacy rate (P ＞ 0.05);compared by the curative effect of TCM syndrome,Chaigan Jieyou decoction group is better than fluoxetine group (P ＜ 0.05).There is statistical significance in the differences of all the HAMD,BDI,UPDRS Ⅱ,UPDRS Ⅲ scores between the two groups after the treatment (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).Compared the treatment efficacy by the HAMD scores,Chaigan Jieyou decoction can alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients of varying degrees.Conclusions Chaigan Jieyou decoction can significantly relieve depression of PDD patients,and there is exact curative effect to the mild and moderate PDD patients,improving their quality of life to a certain extent.

With the increasing proportion of human papilloma virus(HPV)infection in the pathogenic factors of oro-pharyngeal cancer,a series of changes have occurred in the surgical treatment.While the treatment mode has been im-proved,there are still many problems,including the inconsistency between diagnosis and treatment modes,the lack of popularization of reconstruction technology,the imperfect post-treatment rehabilitation system,and the lack of effective preventive measures.Especially in terms of treatment mode for early oropharyngeal cancer,there is no unified conclu-sion whether it is surgery alone or radiotherapy alone,and whether robotic minimally invasive surgery has better func-tional protection than radiotherapy.For advanced oropharyngeal cancer,there is greater controversy over the treatment mode.It is still unclear whether to adopt a non-surgical treatment mode of synchronous chemoradiotherapy or induction chemotherapy combined with synchronous chemoradiotherapy,or a treatment mode of surgery combined with postopera-tive chemoradiotherapy.In order to standardize the surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer in China and clarify the indications for surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,this expert consensus,based on the characteristics and treat-ment status of oropharyngeal cancer in China and combined with the international latest theories and practices,forms consensus opinions in multiple aspects of preoperative evaluation,surgical indication determination,primary tumor re-section,neck lymph node dissection,postoperative defect repair,postoperative complication management prognosis and follow-up of oropharyngeal cancer patients.The key points include:① Before the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,the expression of P16 protein should be detected to clarify HPV status;② Perform enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the maxillofacial region before surgery to evaluate the invasion of oropharyngeal cancer and guide precise surgical resec-tion of oropharyngeal cancer.Evaluating mouth opening and airway status is crucial for surgical approach decisions and postoperative risk prediction;③ For oropharyngeal cancer patients who have to undergo major surgery and cannot eat for one to two months,it is recommended to undergo percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy before surgery to effectively improve their nutritional intake during treatment;④ Early-stage oropharyngeal cancer patients may opt for either sur-gery alone or radiation therapy alone.For intermediate and advanced stages,HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer general-ly prioritizes radiation therapy,with concurrent chemotherapy considered based on tumor staging.Surgical treatment is recommended as the first choice for HPV unrelated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(including primary and re-current)and recurrent HPV related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy;⑤ For primary exogenous T1-2 oropharyngeal cancer,direct surgery through the oral approach or da Vinci robotic sur-gery is preferred.For T3-4 patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer,it is recommended to use temporary mandibu-lectomy approach and lateral pharyngotomy approach for surgery as appropriate;⑥ For cT1-2N0 oropharyngeal cancer patients with tumor invasion depth＞3 mm and cT3-4N0 HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,selective neck dissection of levels ⅠB to Ⅳ is recommended.For cN+HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,therapeutic neck dissection in regions Ⅰ-Ⅴ is advised;⑦ If PET-CT scan at 12 or more weeks after completion of radiation shows intense FDG uptake in any node,or imaging suggests continuous enlargement of lymph nodes,the patient should undergo neck dissection;⑧ For patients with suspected extracapsular invasion preoperatively,lymph node dissection should include removal of surrounding muscle and adipose connective tissue;⑨ The reconstruction of oropharyngeal cancer defects should follow the principle of reconstruction steps,with priority given to adjacent flaps,followed by distal pedicled flaps,and finally free flaps.The anterolateral thigh flap with abundant tissue can be used as the preferred flap for large-scale postoperative defects.