Application ofmolecular diagnostic technique has shown greatpotential and technical advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .It can be used toscreening , diagnosis , treatment and prognostic evaluation of CVD disease .Early screening helps to notice the risk of the disease, make us take appropriate measures to reduce the health care costs and improve outcomes .To achieve the highest diagnostic efficiency by applying different molecular diagnostic strategies in different diseases.In term of treatment, molecular diagnostic technologies are mainly used in the drug discovery , personalized drug therapy and treatment options; In addition, prognostic assessment of CVD is also an important development direction of molecular diagnostic technique .However, there are severe challenges remained in applying molecular diagnostic techniques in CVD disease , such as the basic andclinicalapplication research and the quality control , etc.

Purpose To explore the findings and diagnostic values of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and diffusion weighted image (DWI) of the portal venous tumor thrombus (PVTT) caused by hepatic carcinoma.Materials and Methods Thirty-one patients with hepatic carcinoma (43 lesions) with 63 PVTT in the main branches and trunks diagnosed by clinical and MRI were enrolled. All patients underwent conventional MRI (cMRI) imaging, DWI and ADC imaging, the features of cMRI, DWI and ADC were observed, the relevance of ADC values between the hepatic carcinoma lesion and PVTT were analyzed.Results Among the total 43 lesions, DWI image showed low signal, iso-signal and high signal in 1, 4 and 38 lesions, respectively; and ADC image showed low signal, iso-signal and high signal in 36, 5 and 2 lesions, respectively. In the total 63 PVTT, DWI showed low signal, iso-signal and high signal in 4, 7 and 52 lesions, respectively;while their ADC images showed low signal, iso-signal and high signal in 54, 6 and 3 branches, respectively. There was good consistency for the results of two observers on the findings of ADC of tumor lesions (Kappa=0.8334,P<0.05), and a moderate consistency on that of PVTT (Kappa=0.5215,P<0.05). The average ADC value of tumor lesion and PVTT was (1.127±0.268)×10-3 mm2/s and (1.021±0.363)×10-3 mm2/s, respectively; there was a correlation of the mean values of ADC between tumor lesion and PVTT (r=0.246,P<0.05). Conclusion The features such as low signal and low value on ADC image and high signal on DWI obtain a certain clinical application value for qualitative diagnoses of PVTT.

Objective To analyze the CT findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC)in patients without HIV infection.Methods CT data of 26 patients with PC proved by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.All cases underwent plain CT scan,8 of whom underwent contrast-enhanced CT scan.Results 26 patients (17 male and 9 female),single lesion on CT was found in 11 cases,multiple nodules or masses in 10 cases,and mixed-type lesions in 5 cases.The lesion was located in left lung in 1 1 cases,in right lung in 7 cases and bilateral lungs in 8 cases.The lesions with burr sign were found in 1 9 cases,with cavities or vacuoles in 10 cases,and with halo sign in 8 cases.Enhanced CT showed marked heterogeneity in 1 case,moderate heterogeneity in 2 cases,slight enhancement in 3 cases and nonenhancement in 2 cases.Conclusion Lesions of PC with various CT findings are easy to be misdiagnosed as lung carcinoma or other lesions.CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy is an effective method for diagnosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between clinical data and pathological stage in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. MethodsThe clinical data of 54 PBC patients were collected for analyzing the correlation between the clinical data and pathological stage. The clinical data included biochemical parameters, immunological markers, and autoantibodies. Biopsy of the liver was used for the pathological staging of PBC. For the continuous data of normal distribution, analysis of variance was applied for comparisons between groups; for continuous data of skewed distribution, Wilcoxon rank sum test was used. For categorical data, chi-square test was used. Correlation analysis was performed by Pearson correlation and logistic regression. ResultsAmong the 54 patients, the male-to-female ratio was 1∶5; the mean age was 48.9±9.3 years; pathological stage Ⅰ was identified in 15 cases, stage Ⅱ in 18 cases, stage Ⅲ in 12 cases, and stage Ⅳ in 9 cases, and patients with stage Ⅳ disease were significantly older than the other patients (P＜0.05). Total bilirubin (TBil), alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, IgA, IgG, and SP200 were positively correlated with pathological stage (r=0.592, 0.343, 0.281, 0.388, 0.274, and 0.320, respectively, P＜0.05), while a negative correlation was found between albumin and pathological stage (r=-0.569, P=0.000). Multivariate analysis revealed an independent correlation between TBil level and pathological stage (P=0.039). Patients with the same pathological stage might have different clinical stages, while those with the same clinical stage might have different pathological stages. ConclusionsThe same pathological stage may appear in different clinical stages. TBil level is an independent predictive factor for pathological stage in PBC patients.

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) accompanied by autoimmune phenomena and to provide evidence for clinical practice. MethodsAn analysis was performed on the clinical data of 51 patients who were admitted to Beijing You′an Hospital from 2011 to 2013 and diagnosed with DILI. The participants were divided into anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)-positive group and ANA-negative group and, according to the simple scoring system for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), divided into low-score (sore: 1-4) group and high-score (score≥5) group, respectively. Comparison was made for laboratory parameters ［alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), albumin (Alb), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), prothrombin time (PT), immunoglobulin M(IgM), immunoglobulin A(IgA), immunoglobulin G(IgG)］, length of hospital stay, and recurrence. Comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups was performed by t test, comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups was made by rank-sum test, and comparison of categorical data between groups was conducted by chi-square test. Results Among the 51 patients, 34 cases were positive for ANA, and 17 cases were negative for ANA; 17 cases were in the high-score group, and 34 cases were in the low-score group. There were no significant differences in ALT, TBil, Alb, ALP, GGT, PT, and IgM between the two groups for both grouping criteria (all P＞0.05). AST and IgG differed significantly between the two groups for both grouping criteria (all P＜0.05). The IgG level and recurrence rate in the high-score group (3.87±1.73 g/L and 10/17) were significantly higher than those in the low-score group (2.75±1.38 g/L and 8/34) (both P＜0.05). ConclusionThe clinical manifestations are similar between patients with DILI alone and those with DILI accompanied by autoimmune phenomena. The simple scoring system for AIH is worthy of clinical application in DILI accompanied by autoimmune phenomena.

Prognostic evaluation of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and how to improve the prognosis have attracted much attention. Further therapeutic regimens for PBC patients with poor prognosis has become the direction of clinical and scientific studies. This article summarizes the association between baseline indices and prognosis and prognostic evaluation of patients undergoing ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment, introduces the current status of UDCA combined with budesonide, fibrates, and obeticholic acid for patients with poor response to UDCA and the drugs being developed, and analyzes the influencing factors for prognosis and efficacy of UDCA. It is pointed out that prognosis and efficacy should be evaluated before and during UDCA treatment, and that therapeutic regimens should be adjusted in time to improve prognosis.

Objective To observe the effects of ziprasidone and risperidone on schizophrenia patients and the change of serum leptin and adiponectin levels .Methods Totally 80 cases of schizophrenia patients were randomly divided into ziprasidone group and risperidone group ,which were treated for 8 weeks .Measure the positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) score and body weight of that number ,leptin and adiponectin at baseline ,treatment 4 weeks and 8 weeks respectively for patients ,at the end of the experiment ,the results for statistical analysis .Results Two groups of 4 ,8 weeks after treatment scores compared with baseline scores dropped significantly ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Risperidone group after treatment ,leptin levels significantly increased body mass index ,and adiponectin levels significantly decreased ,compared with the baseline before treatment was statistically significant difference(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Ziprasidone and risperidone in treatment of schizophrenia have similar efficacy .Ziprasidone has no significant effect on body weight ,leptin and adiponectin levels in treatment of schizophrenia patients . However ,risperidone has a significant effect ,long-term use should pay attention to the side effects .

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver inflammatory disease with unknown etiology, and at present, both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of AIH. Environmental exposure has an important impact on the development of AIH. Autoimmune ecology is the study of the interactions between individuals and their environment, the development of imbalance between individuals and environment, and the mechanism of such imbalance in promoting the development of autoimmune disease. This article reviews the research advances in the role of autoimmune ecology in the pathogenesis of AIH.

Overgrowth of intestinal bacteria, change in intestinal flora, translocation between bacteria and their products, and bile acid metabolism are the important pathways for the development and progression of liver diseases. Hepatocytes are persistently exposed to intestinal metabolites and various antigens and antibodies via the portal vein system, and the constituents or metabolites of some intestinal bacteria can activate the autoimmune mechanism targeting hepatocytes through several mechanisms, including molecular mimicry. Therefore, intestinal flora plays an important role in the development/progression and treatment of autoimmune liver diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. This article reviews the related research advances in recent years.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features and treatment outcome of children with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data, liver pathology, treatment outcome, and follow-up data of 10 children with AIH who were treated in Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, from December 2008 to December 2017. ResultsThe children were aged 3-16 years (median 10 years), and girls accounted for 70%. Of all patients, 5 had type 1 AIH, and 5 had type 2 AIH; 3 (30%) had an acute onset, 2 (20%) had a subacute onset, and 5 (50%) had a chronic onset. Elevation of aminotransferases was found in 8 children (80%), and elevations of bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and immunoglobulin G were found in 7 children (70%), 7 children (70%), and 6 children (60%), respectively. Among the 7 children who underwent liver biopsy, 3 had grade ≥3 liver inflammation, 4 had stage ≥3 liver fibrosis, 5 had interface hepatitis, 5 had plasma cell infiltration, 4 had rosette-like annulation of hepatocytes, and 7 had lymphocyte infiltration. One child died, and one was lost to follow-up; among the other 8 children, 6 had good response, 1 experienced recurrence, and one had poor response. 4 patients with type 2 AIH were treated with glucocorticoids combined with azathioprine, the disease was effectively controlled. ConclusionChildren with AIH have diverse clinical manifestations, and some children have serious conditions. Most patients with type 2 AIH need the treatment of glucocorticoids combined with azathioprine.