Objective To develop an accurate understanding of the policy impact of China-UK HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Project.Methods Questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were employed for 20 key informants in Beijing including government officials,NGO workers,medical professionals,scholars,police officers,and representatives of international organizations involved in AIDS issues in China.Results The project was noted for its scale and a strong guarantee for fund allocation.It was also noted for having broken some policy taboos.The experience gained from the project was integrated into local policy development and became the evidence base for national policymaking.Conclusion Guided by scientific evidence,the China-UK Project has produced excellent experience for developing national AIDS prevention and control strategy by applying pilot-study based management and making continuous improvement through practice,but its sustainability is challenged when the Project ends.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of captopril combined with baling capsules in treating diabetic nephropathy.Methods:38 cases with diabetic nephropathy were treated with Captopril(12.5-25mg,tid) and baling capsules(1.0g,tid).24h urine-microscale albumin,triglyeride,total cholesterol,serum ureanitrogen and creatinine were measured and evaluated before and after the medication.Results:There were significant differences in the total cholesterol serum urea nitrogen and creatinine,but no significant differences in serum ureanitrogen and creatinine between the priortherapy and post-treatment.Conclusion:The levels of urinary albumin,triglyeride and total cholesterol were decreased. Captopril combined with baling capsules has its broad therapeutic and protective effects on patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the energy intakes and energy consumption in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients,and to identify the possible influence factors for overweight and obesity of CAPD patients.Methods A total of 115 CAPD patients were enrolled from May to December 2011 in Peking University Third Hospital.Based on body mass index (BMI),they were divided into normal group (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m2,n =61) and obese group (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2,n =54).Three-day dietary intakes including dietary energy,protein,fat,and carbohydrates intakes were collected.Glucose absorption from dialysate was measured.Three-day activities were recorded for the calculation of resting energy expenditure (REE) and total energy expenditure (TEE).Body composition of the patients was analyzed.Results There were no significant differences in age,height,dietary energy intake,protein intake,carbohydrate intakes,lean tissue mass,and hydration status between the two groups.Glucose absorption from dialysate and dietary fat intake were significantly higher in the obese group than in the normal group [(1 920.5 ± 506.3) kJ/d vs.(1 673.6 ±535.6) kJ/d,x2 =2.536,P=0.013; (62.5 ±19.8) g/dvs.(53.1 ±18.7) g/d,x2=2.575,P =0.011].Although REE was higher in the obese group as compared with the normal group [(5 066.8 ±1 029.3) kJ/d vs.(4 556.4 ± 799.1) kJ/d,x2 =2.979,P =0.004],there was no significant difference in TEE between the two groups [(7 819.9 ±728.0) kJ/d vs.(7 803.2 ± 1 092.0) kJ/d,x2 =0.770,P =0.939].Logistic regression showed that glucose absorption from dialysate and dietary fat intakes were risk factors for obesity in the study population (OR =1.003,95％ CI =1.000-1.007,P =0.029 ; OR =1.024,95％ CI =1.003-1.046,P =0.027).Conclusions Obese CAPD patients may absorb more glucose from peritoneal dialysate and consume more fat than non-obese CAPD patients,but TEE is not significantly different.It indicates that obese CAPD patients are at positive energy balance.Less use of high glucose dialysate and more physical exercises are recommended for these patients.

Objective To discuss effect of intellectual training on cognitive function, daily life ac-tivity and life quality of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methods We used clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale to selecf 38 patients with mild to median degree of Alzheimer's disease.Intellectual training was carried out for 1 year and at the same time their family members took part in it and dietary instruction was given. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), information-memory-concentration test (IMCT) and activity of daily living scale (ADL) were used as evaluation tools before and after training. Results The patients' degree of defect before training was not different from that of within the first three months after training (P＞0.05),but greatly alleviated 6 months and one year later (P＜ 0.05,P＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Beneficial intellectual training could improve the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer's disease.It alleviated their symptom,prolonged the process of dementia and increase the living and life quality of them.

Objective:To establish nursing quality indicator system for freestanding hemodialysis facilities and identify the weight values of indicators.Methods:With the structure-process-outcome quality model as the framework, the literature analysis method, field survey and semi-structure interview were used to form the indicators item pool. Through Delphi method, experts were consulted for two rounds. The indicator weight was calculated by AHP.Results:The indicator system of this study included 3 primary indicators, 15 secondary indicators and 46 tertiary indicators. Among the primary indicators, the process quality indicator had the largest weight (0.493), followed by the outcome quality indicator (0.310), and the structure quality indicator had the smallest weight (0.196).The process quality were the main evaluation contents. According to the indicator weight, the main manpower allocation (0.131) in secondary indicators had the highest weight, and the proportion of nurses with different hemodialysis work experiences (0.108) in the tertiary indicators had the highest weight.Conclusion:The indicator system of this study is scientific and integrated, which can be used as a nursing quality evaluation tool to verify its practicability in clinical nursing practice.

Objective:To evaluate the expression of apoptosis related gene Fas Ligand(FasL) in human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cells HepG2 and its significance in apoptosis.Methods:The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1hisB- FasL was transfected into HCC cells HepG2 by lipofection, and then soluble FasL was examined in the supernatant of culture cells by EIA, FasL expression in HepG2 cells were detected by immune histochemistry. After stained by annexin V and propidium iodine, cells were passed throw flow cytometer and examined by fluorescence microscope and sym-focus laser scaning microscope.Results:In comparison with untransfected cells,the soluble FasL could be detected in the supernatant of transfected cells, Fas L can be expressed in the membrane and cytoplasm of transfected cells. The apoptotic cell rate in transfected cells was 36.30%, as the control, untransfected cells was 11.53%.Moreover, the different stage of apoptotic cells could be distinguished by annexin V and propidium iodine stain.Conclusion:This supports a novel pathway of HCC cells were apoptotic itself via the CD95-CD95 ligand system without involvement of immune cells.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate therapeutic efficacy and safety of levamlodipine and telmisartan combined with hydro-chlorothiazide in the treatment of anti-dipper hypertension. METHODS:Totally 150 patients with anti-dipper hypertension were ran-domly divided into group A,B,C,with 50 cases in each group. Group A was given Telmisartan tablet 40 mg+Hydrochlorothiazide tablet 10 mg,once a day,in the morning. Group B was given Levamlodipine tablet 5 mg,once a day,in the night. Group C was given Telmisartan tablet(usage and dosage same as group A)+Hydrochlorothiazide tablet(usage and dosage same as group A)+Le-vamlodipine tablet(usage and dosage same as group B). Treatment courses of 3 groups lasted for 8 weeks. The changes of electro-lyte and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure were observed and compared among 3 groups before and after treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions was recorded. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in the electrolyte indexes in 3 groups before and af-ter treatment(P>0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in 24 h blood pressure among 3 groups(P>0.05). Af-ter treatment,the 24 h blood pressure of the patients in the 3 groups after treatment was lower than before treatment,and group C was lower than that of the group A and group B(P<0.05). After treatment,the rate of anti-dipper rhythm reversal in group C was significantly higher than group A and B,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the inci-dence of ADR among 3 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Levamlodipine and telmisartan combined with hydrochlorothiazide show good therapeutic efficacy for anti-dipper hypertension,and can reduce 24 h blood pressure and effectively reverse anti-dipper rhythm with good safety.

Objective To investigate the impact of early enteral nutrition on the prognosis of severe head injury patients.Methods According to the different nutritional therapy,160 cases of severe craniocerebral injury patients were randomly divided into two groups using random digit.Two groups of patients were all given similarly conventional methods,the observation group were given early enteral nutrition therapy,the control group were given routine nutrition.CD3+,CD4+,IgE,IgG immune factors were observed after treatment for 10d.Results 10d later,the serum IgG,IgM,IgA in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the conventional nutrition group(t =2.18,3.42,11.23,all P ＜ 0.05),IgE was significantly lower than that in the conventional nutrition group (t =4.76,P ＜ 0.05) ;The serum T-lymphocyte subsets CD3+,CD4+ level in the observation group were higher than those in the conventional nutrition group(t =21.41,5.38,all P ＜ 0.05),the incidence of complications of the observation group was 23.75%,which was significantly lower than 55.00% in the conventional nutrition group(x2 =4.73,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Early enteral nutrition therapy can significantly improve the immunity of severe head injury patients,reduce complications,thereby improve the prognosis and the patient's quality of life.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Yang’s pricking-cupping bloodletting in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and its effect on trapezius tension.Methods Seventy-eight patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 39 cases each. The treatment group received pricking-cupping bloodletting and the control group, conventional acupuncture plus cupping. The nerve function was scored, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was recorded and trapezius tension was measured in the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the nerve function score, the VAS score and trapezius tension in the two groups (P<0.01). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the VAS score and trapezius tension between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). The total efficacy rate was 94.9% in the treatment group and 89.7% in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in theclinical therapeutic effect between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions Yang’s pricking-cupping bloodletting can effectively improve pain symptoms and trapezius tension in patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of liraglutide in the body mass loss of patients with overweight and obesity,and provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from Medline, EMBase,CJFD,Wanfang and VIP,randomized controlled trials(RCT)about liraglutide versus placebo in the treatment of over-weight and obesity were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.1.0 software after data extract. RESULTS:To-tally 8 RCTs were enrolled,involving 3 560 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed weight loss degree [MD=-1.71,95%Cl (-2.25,-1.17),P<0.001] and the percentage of proportion loss more than 5% to total patients [RR=2.20,95%CI(1.83,2.63), P<0.001] in liraglutide group were significnatly more than blank control group;while the incidences of nausea,vomiting,diar-rhea,mild-to-moderate hypoglycemia and peripheral edema were significantly higher than control group. CONCLUSIONS:Liraglu-tide is effective for overweight and obesity patients. And there is mild adverse reactions but high incidence of gastrointestinal ad-verse reactions,which should be vigilant.