Objective To investigate the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis human infections in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province in 2023, so as to provide insights into formulation of the clonorchiasis control strategy. Methods Congjiang County was divided into eastern, western, southern, northern and central areas according to the geographical locations, and one township was randomly sampled from each area. Then, each administrative village was randomly sampled from each township, and 200 permanent residents over 3 years of age were randomly sampled from each village. Participants’ stool samples were collected for detection of C. sinensis eggs with the Kato-Katz technique (two slides for each stool sample), and the prevalence and intensity of C. sinensis infections were calculated. In addition, the risk factors of clonorchiasis were identified among participants using a questionnaire survey. Results A total of 1 001 residents were included, and the prevalence of C. sinensis infections was 16.28% (163/1 001), with mild infections as the predominant category of infection intensity [73.01% (119/163)]. The prevalence rates of C. sinensis human infections were 30.50% (61/200), 1.50% (3/200), 30.35% (61/201), 12.50% (25/200), and 6.50% (13/200) at five survey sites, respectively (χ² = 107.03, P < 0.05), and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of C. sinensis infections between men [22.44% (112/499)] and women [10.16% (51/502)] (χ² = 27.71, P < 0.05). The prevalence of C. sinensis infections was relatively high among participants at ages of 60 to 70 years [26.14% (23/88)], public servants [46.15% (6/13)], and Han ethnic participants [33.33% (5/15)]. The prevalence of C. sinensis infections was higher among participants with a habit of consuming raw or un-dercooked freshwater fish and shrimp [22.06% (90/408)] than among those without the habit [12.31% (73/593)] (χ² = 16.85, P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of C. sinensis infections between participants with [13.99% (41/293)] and without separation of raw and cooked chopping boards [17.23% (122/708)] (χ² = 1.59, P > 0.05). In addition, the prevalence of C. sinensis infections was 8.70% (2/23) and 16.46% (161/978) among participants with and without fever complicated by discomfort in the right upper abdomen during the past half year (χ² = 0.99, P > 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of C. sinensis human infections was high in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province in 2023, and infections predominantly occurred among young and middle-aged men. Intensified health education among high-risk residents and alteration of dietary habits of consuming raw or undercooked freshwater fish or shrimp are recommended to reduce the prevalence of C. sinensis human infections.

Objective : To investigate the therapeutic effects of a small interfering RNA(siRNA) vector targeting peptidyl arginine deaminase 4(PAD4) and splenocytes infected with a PAD4-siRNA virus, on collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) mice, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods : The experiment mice were divided into four groups: control group, model group, therapy group 1 and therapy group 2, with 7 mice in each group. Control group mice were not treated. Initially, collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) mice model were established using bovine type II collagen. Model group mice were injected by PBS buffer Therapy group 1 mice were injected of PAD4-siRNA virus solution into the tail vein of the CIA mice, while therapy group 2 mice were injected of splenocytes infected with PAD4-siRNA virus via the same route. These injections were carried out once a week for a total of eight weeks. Subsequently, the alterations in T follicular helper(Tfh), T follicular regulatory(Tfr), T helper 1(Th1), and CD4+IL-10+T cells in the splenocytes of the mice were analyzed. Additionally, the pathological changes in the articular cartilage of the mice joints were detected. Results : Comparison with control group, mice of model group exhibited a significant increase in the proportions of Tfh and Th1 cells in the spleen(P<0.05), while the proportions of Tfr and CD4+IL-10+T cells remained unchanged. Comparison with model group, therapy group 1 and therapy group 2 demonstrated a significant decrease in the proportions of Tfh and Th1 cells(P<0.05), with no changes were observed in the proportions of Tfr and CD4+IL-10+T cells. Additionally, the articular surface in the mice of control group was smooth, whereas model group showed signs of inflammatory cell infiltration, rough articular surface, and cartilage destruction. Following treatment with PAD4-siRNA, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and cartilage destruction in the hind paws of CIA mice in therapy group 1 were reduced. However, no reduction was observed in the infiltration of inflammatory cells and cartilage destruction in the front paws of CIA mice. In contrast, therapy group 2 exhibited a reduction in the infiltration of inflammatory cells and cartilage destruction in both the front and hind paws of CIA mice. Conclusion Gene silencing of PAD4 expression can decrease the proportion of Tfh and Th1 cells, leading to an amelioration of pathological changes in joints and cartilage of hind paws. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy is observed in the front paws of CIA mice, and PAD4-siRNA plays a role on CIA mice by regulating T cells subpopulation of splenocytes.

The nursing experience of buttonhole cannulation for an autogenous arteriovenous fistula with an Eluvia drug-eluting stent in a patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis was summarized.Key nursing points included:developing a scientific and rational buttonhole cannulation plan for the autogenous arteriovenous fistula stent based on its characteristics post-stent implantation;conducting preoperative ultrasonic evaluations of the arteriovenous fistula and stent;establishing and maintaining a buttonhole tunnel at the stent site;regularly monitoring and following up on the cannulation site and the condition of the autogenous arteriovenous fistula;strengthening the observation and prevention of potential complications.Through rigorous and standardized assessments,procedures,and nursing care,the patient maintained good autogenous arteriovenous fistula function without stent-related complications such as fracture,stenosis,or infection over a 14-month follow-up period.

Objective:To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method for the determina-tion of related substances in buprenorphine active pharmaceutical ingredient(API)using advanced ACD/Auto-Chrom method development software for comprehensive parameter simulation and design.Methods:An Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column(4.6 mm × 150 mm,3.5 μm)was used with a mobile phase consisting of 40 mmol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and acetonitrile in a gradient elution mode.The flow rate was set at 1.3 mL·min-1,the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃,the detection wavelength was 240 nm,and the injection volume was 5 μL.Results:The impurities A,B,D,E,F,G,H,I,and J in buprenorphine were effectively separated from the main component.The linear ranges were 0.33-83.73,0.20-78.74,0.20-40.28,0.22-43.31,0.32-78.98,0.13-63.74,0.51-101.54,0.22-43.72,and 0.40-80.37 μg·mL-1,respectively.The limits of detection(LOD)were 0.10,0.06,0.06,0.06,0.09,0.04,0.15,0.07,and 0.12 μg·mL-1,respectively,while the limits of quantification(LOQ)were 0.33,0.20,0.20,0.22,0.32,0.13,0.51,0.22,and 0.40 μg·mL-1,respectively.The accuracy,precision,and robustness of the method met the required standards.Conclusion:This method is suitable for the determi-nation and quality control of related substances such as impurities A,B,D,E,F,G,H,I,and J in buprenorphine API.

Objective:To explore the application effect of a hierarchical training model based on the "geese formation effect" in the professional training of gastrointestinal center nurses.Methods:A total of 122 nurses at the Gastrointestinal Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, were randomly divided into an experimental group ( n=61) and a control group ( n=61). The experimental group received a hierarchical training model based on the "geese formation effect". Nurses in this group were divided into four levels of N1 to N4 according to seniority, corresponding to the roles of "young geese", "growing geese", "flying geese", and "leading geese/flying geese", and differentiated training content and formats were implemented. The control group received routine training. At the end of the training and at 3 and 6 months after the training, theoretical knowledge and operational skills were assessed, along with evaluations of job competency, professional characteristic indicators, and teaching satisfaction. The chi-square test and independent samples t-test were performed using SPSS 25.0. Results:At the end of the training and at 3 and 6 months after the training, compared with the control group, the experimental group achieved significantly higher scores in theoretical knowledge [(91.69±3.04) vs. (83.66±6.35), (89.42±3.29) vs. (81.33±5.79), (85.63±3.67) vs. (76.59±6.48)] and operational skills [(92.20±2.54) vs. (82.95±6.09), (90.15±2.83) vs. (81.61±5.47), (89.24±3.18) vs. (78.91±5.89)] (all P<0.001). The total score of job competency in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. For the professional characteristic indicators, the experimental group also outperformed the control group in the implementation rate of postoperative pressure ulcer prevention (90.16% vs. 72.13%) and the ERAS compliance rate (93.44% vs. 80.33%) (both P<0.05). The total score of training satisfaction was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusions:The hierarchical training model based on the "geese formation effect" can effectively improve the theoretical knowledge, operational skills, job competency, and clinical nursing quality of nurses, with high teaching satisfaction and promotion value.

Objective:To study the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Ordos City and provide reference and theoretical guidance for prevention and control of the disease.Methods:The surveillance data of human brucellosis cases and the serological surveillance data of key occupational populations reported by the Ordos City Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2013 to 2022 were collected and analyzed descriptively. ArcGIS 10.8 software was used to draw a spatial distribution map of human brucellosis in Ordos City, and SPSS 26.0 software was used to conduct Spearman correlation analysis to further explore the impact of economic factors on human brucellosis.Results:From 2013 to 2022, a total of 8 676 cases of human brucellosis were reported in Ordos City, with an average annual incidence rate of 40.93/100 000. In 2022, 2 570 cases were reported, with an incidence rate of 116.78/100 000, reaching the peak in the past 10 years. The cases were mainly distributed in Dalad Banner, Hangjin Banner, and Otog Front Banner, with a total of 6 415 cases, accounting for 73.94% of the total number of cases. The spatial distribution spread from north to south and from north to east. The majority of cases were in the age group of 40 to 65 years old (6 061 cases, accounting for 69.86%), male (6 089 cases, accounting for 70.18%), and farmers and herdsmen (7 367 cases, accounting for 84.91%). The median time interval between onset and diagnosis was 16 days. The positive rate of serological surveillance in key occupational groups was 5.38% (7 058/131 229). The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that the number of agricultural legal entities, the number of animal husbandry legal entities, regional gross domestic product, per capita disposable income of rural and pastoral residents, total agricultural output value, the number of cattle and sheep at the end of the year, milk production, and mutton production were important factors affecting the incidence of brucellosis ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of brucellosis in Ordos City is on the rise, and the epidemic situation is severe. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance and joint prevention and control of human brucellosis to prevent the spread and expansion of the epidemic.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of CGG repeat numbers in the FMR1 gene among reproductive-age women in China, providing data reference for carrier screening and genetic counseling of Fragile X syndrome. Methods:This cross-sectional study recruited 16 610 reproductive-age women from 12 medical institutions between July 2022 and October 2023. Peripheral venous blood samples (3 mL) were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted. The number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene was determined using the triplet-primed polymerase chain reaction (TP-PCR) combined with capillary electrophoresis technology. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the prevalence and distribution of CGG repeat expansions. Results:Among 16 610 women of childbearing age, 5 684 (34.220%) women had the same number of CGG repeats in the two alleles of FMR1 gene, and 10 926 (65.780%) women had different numbers of repeats in the two alleles. Among the 33 220 FMR1 alleles in 16 610 women of reproductive age, the most common CGG repeat numbers were 29 [48.645% (16 160/33 220)] and 30 [26.276% (8 729/33 220)], while the most frequent CGG genotype was CGG 29/29 [24.726% (4 107/16 610)]. The CGG repeat numbers of FMR1 gene were normal in 16 498 women (99.326%). Among the 112 women (0.674%) with CGG repeat abnormities, 96 (0.578%) women were classified as intermediate carriers, 15 (0.090%) as premutation carriers, and 1 (0.006%) as a full mutation carrier, whose CGG genotype was (36, >200). Conclusion:In the general reproductive-age female population in China, the normal CGG repeat numbers of the FMR1 gene account for 99.326%, while the intermediate carrier rate is 0.578%, and the combined carrier rate of the premutation and full mutation types is 0.096%.

Objective:To construct a continuity of care plan for adolescent fixed orthodontic patients based on the theory of timing, and provide systematic and standardized nursing interventions for adolescent fixed orthodontic patients.Methods:Guided by the theory of timing, preliminary plan items were formulated through literature review and questionnaire survey. Using the Delphi method, 15 experts were consulted for two rounds to determine the continuity of care plan for adolescent fixed orthodontic patients from October to December, 2023.Results:The effective response rates of the two rounds of questionnaires were 15/15, respectively. The expert authority levels were 0.93 and 0.94, and the Kendall harmony coefficients were 0.28 and 0.38, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (both P<0.001). The final established plan included 5 primary indicators, 23 secondary indicators, and 47 tertiary indicators. Conclusions:The continuity of care plan for adolescent fixed orthodontic patients based on the timing theory is reliable and scientific, and can meet the continuity of care needs of patients at different stages, providing reliable clinical basis for carrying out continuity of care.

Objective:To explore the application efficacy of the continuous oral care program led by dental nurses in adolescent patients with fixed orthodontics and to provide a reference for continuous care to enhance the oral health level of patients.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was carried out in the Orthodontic Department of Shanghai Stomatological Hospital from June to December 2022. A total of 132 adolescent patients with fixed orthodontics were selected through the convenience sampling method and divided into the experimental group and the control group by the random number table method, with 66 patients in each group. The experimental group was provided with the continuous oral care program led by dental specialist nurses, while the control group received routine care. The intervention lasted for 12 months. The Oral Health Impact Scale, the Oral Health Self-Management Ability Questionnaire, and the plaque index were utilized to assess the intervention effect before and after the intervention.Results:A total of 65 participants in the experimental group completed the study, with an age of (14.41 ± 1.60) years, comprising 32 males and 33 females. In the control group, 64 participants completed the study, with an age of (14.15 ± 1.69) years, including 28 males and 36 females. Prior to intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in scores for oral health self-management ability, Oral Health Impact Profile-14, or total plaque index between the experimental and control groups (all P>0.05). Following intervention, the score for oral health self-management ability in the experimental group was (77.42 ± 11.70) points, significantly higher than (70.47 ± 17.49) points of the control group ( t = 2.65, P<0.05). Additionally, the score on the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 for the experimental group was (16.40 ± 3.45) points and their total plaque index was measured at 1.68 ± 0.55 both significantly lower than those recorded in the control group at (18.16 ± 3.79) points and a total plaque index of 1.92 ± 0.47 respectively ( t = - 2.75, - 2.55, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The implementation of the continuous oral care program led by dental specialist nurses is conducive to improving the oral health self-management ability of adolescent patients with fixed orthodontics, reducing dental plaque, improving oral cleanliness, and improving the oral health-related quality of life of patients.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,its application in the field of medical education is increasingly extensive.In order to truly understand students'mastery and application of Medical Immunology knowledge as well as students'comprehensive quality,this study applied the formative assessment based on academic intelligence assessment platform to the teaching practice of Immunology in Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University.Compared with previous formative assessment,the intelligent platform developed by artificial intelligence technology has many advantages in teaching assessment and evaluation.Good feedback has been obtained between teachers and students,and the teaching quality of teachers and the learning effect of students have been significantly improved,which is worth further promotion.