OBJECTIVE:To prepare Venlafaxine hydrochloride sustained-release tablets,and to investigate the characteristics of drug release. METHODS:Using glyceryl behenate as lipidic matrix material and HPMC as hydrophilic matrix material,the kind and dosage of excipients were screened by single factor experiment. Using 4,8,24 h accumulative release rate and the deviation summation of ideal values as index,the viscosity of HPMC,the amounts of HPMC K15M and glyceryl behenate were optimized by orthogonal test. The dissolution curves were fitted by different equations. RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as follows as venlafaxine hydrochloride 8.5 kg,HPMC K15M 15 kg,glyceryl behenate 26 kg,magnesium stearate 0.5 kg. 4,8,24 h accumula-tive release rates of prepared matrix sustained-release tablets were 34.3%,63.9% and 99.2%,respectively. The releases profiles of hydrophilic and lipidic matrix sustained release tablets followed first-order equation in vitro mainly through matrix erosion. CON-CLUSIONS:Venlafaxine hydrochloride hydrophilic and lipidic matrix sustained-release tablets with good sustained-release effect have been prepared successfully.

Aiming at the single treatment and the design separation between treatment and assessment in electrotherapy equipment, a kind of system including low-intermediate frequency treatment and efficacy evaluation was developed. With C8051F020 single-chip microcomputer as the core and the circuit design and software programming used, the system realized the random switch of therapeutic parameters, the collection, display and data storage of pressure pain threshold in the assessment. Experiment results showed that the stimulus waveform, current intensity, frequency, duty ratio of the system output were adjustable, accurate and reliable. The obtained pressure pain threshold had a higher accuracy (< 0.3 N) and better stability, guiding the parameter choice in the precise electrical stimulation. It, therefore, provides a reliable technical support for the treatment and curative effect assessment.
Electric Stimulation Therapy ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Microcomputers ; Pain Measurement ; instrumentation ; Software

The assessment method for pharmacology courses in top-up program of Yanjing medical college was reformed supported by the principal foundation from China capital medical university.The reform specified the assessment content and examination syllabus,formed the multilayer assessing methods and assessing modes and assessed objectively through questionnaires and investigations.The results showed that the students were satisfied with the assessment mode,degree of standardization and the implementation effect. Pharmacology teaching was effectively assessed by the new method and students′ comprehensive ability was improved.

@@

Objective To study the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on liver damage in young rats fed with high-fat diet.Methods We divided 48 male weaned young rats randomly into high-fat diet group and control group,which were separately fed with high-fat diet and normal diet.After feeding 8,12 and 1 6 weeks,the body weight and visceral fat of the rats were measured.The serum liver function was measured.The morphology of livers was observed by HE and transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA expressions of ATF6 and GRP78 in hepatocytes were measured with RT-PCR.Results ① The body weight and visceral fat weight of rats in high-fat diet group increased compared with those in control group (P <0.05).② Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in high-fat diet group increased slightly over time (P >0.05);alanine aminotransferase at week 1 6 was increased significantly compared with that in controls (P < 0.05 ).③ Liver cells in high-fat diet group had steatosis at week 8 and the steatosis became more serious between week 12 and week 1 6.④ In high-fat diet group at week 8 there were a large number of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm,and the cell structure was close to that of normal cells;rough endoplasmic reticulum was nearly normal and the ribosome was visible.At week 12 and week 1 6,besides a large number of lipid droplets,we could also see that some substances with line-like structure deposited in rough endoplasmic reticulum pool.⑤ The expressions of ATF6 and GRP78 mRNA in hepatocytes in high-fat group at weeks 8, 12 and 1 6 were significantly increased compared with those in control group (P <0.05). Conclusion High-fat diet in infants can cause visceral fat accumulation,fatty degeneration of hepatocytes and liver injury.ATF6-mediated endoplasmic reticulum may be closely related to the liver injury which results from highfat diet.

Objective To explore the relationship between chromosomal abnormalities and abnormal pregnancy .Methods Chro‐mosomal karyotypes were examined in 766 pairs of couples with adverse pregnancy history from 2011 January to December by pe‐riphery blood lymphocyte culture and carried out G banding .Results The detection of 86 cases of patients with abnormal chromo‐somes ,chromosome abnormality rate was 5 .61% ;Among them ,1 cases of abnormal autosomal chromosome number ,67 cases of ab‐normal structure;Sex chromosome abnormality in 5 cases ,13 cases of abnormal structure .Conclusion Description of chromosome abnormalities and abnormal pregnancy is closely related ,The carriers of the couple should have prenatal diagnosis to avoid chromo‐some patients is born .

Objective To investigate the level of illness uncertainty and coping styles of parents of children with diabetes mellitus and their relationship, and provide theoretical basis of clinical intervention. Methods Totally 155 patients of children with diabetes mellitus were investigated with General Information Questionnaire, Parents′ Perception of Uncertainty Scale (PPUS) and Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) to analyze the correlation between illness uncertainty of parents and its influencing factors and coping styles. Results The total score of illness uncertainty was 80.15±10.38 in parents of children with diabetes mellitus. There was significant difference in total uncertainty score in parents with different number of children, parent′s age, education degree, profession, economic conditions and locations (P < 0.05). Coping style, education and Parent′s age entered into the multiple linear regression equation of illness uncertainty, predicting 23.2% of total variation in illness uncertainty. The level of illness uncertainty was negatively associated with coping styles (P < 0.01). Conclusions The illness uncertainty was at higher levels in parents of children with diabetes mellitus. Clinical nurses should measure illness uncertainty of parents of children with diabetes mellitus and improve their coping capacity to reduce illness uncertainty, so as to provide better services of family and promote the quality of life for children .

Objective To evaluate patient outcomes of sustained low flow oxygen inhalation therapy with humidifying and non-humidifying oxygen.Methods Randomized controlled trial (RCT) about sustained low flow oxygen therapy with humidifying and non-humidifying oxygen were searched from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Wanfang database,VIP database,PubMed on line.Literatures were searched from the database had been established till now.The primary outcome of the rate of unpleasant respiratory symptoms,oxygen humidification cylinder pollution as well as secondary lower respiratory tract infections were attached importance to.Two reviewers evaluated the literatures independently according to the RCT authentic assessment manual of Cochrane Collaboration.Negotiation took as the measure to attach an agreement.RevMan 5.2 was used to analyses the result of the study.Results A total of 15 met the inclusion criteria,Meta-analysis showed that humidifying and non-humidifying oxygen was not statistically significant with the rate of unpleasant respiratory symptoms (P ＞ 0.05).Non-humidifying group was better than humidity group at the rate of oxygen humidification cylinder pollution and the secondary lower respiratory symptoms (Z=2.50,2.44,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Low flow nasal oxygen inhalation therapy may not have to use humidifying oxygen.

AIM:To establish the methods of determining 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-?-D-glycoside,puerain;ginsengnoside Rg_1,ginsengnoside Rb_1,notoginsengnoside R_1,and salvianolic B in Jiangzhi Jianfei Tablets(Radix Polygoni multiflori,Radix Puerariae lobatae,Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng,Radix et Rhizoma Salviae miltiorrhizae,etc) with HPLC. METHODS: All chromatogram columns used were ODS columns.The mobile phase of acetonitrile-wate(25(∶)75) was chosen for 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-?-D-glycoside.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was at 320 nm.The mobile phase of methanol-water(25(∶)75) was chosen for puerain.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was at 250 nm.The mobile phase of acetonitrile-water was chosen for ginsengnoside Rg_1,ginsengnoside Rb_1 and notoginsengnoside R_1.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was at 203 nm.The mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile-methane acid-water(30(∶)10(∶)1(∶)59) was chosen for salvianolic B.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was 286 nm. RESULTS: The linear rangers were 0.476 ?g-4.760 ?g(r=0.999 6) for 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-?-D-glycoside,0.168 96 ?g-1.689 6 ?g(r=0.999 8) for puerain,0.724 ?g-7.240 ?g(r=0.999 8) for ginsengnoside Rg_1,0.728 ?g-7.280 ?g(r=0.999 9) for ginsengnoside Rb_1,0.23 ?g-2.30 ?g(r=0.999 8) for notoginsengnoside R_1,0.306 ?g-3.060 ?g(r=0.999 9) for salvianolic B.Their average recoveries were 99.43%(RSD=1.08%,n=6),99.43%(RSD=1.66%,n=6),101.17%(RSD=2.08%,n=6),and 102.39%(RSD=2.60%,n=6),respectively. CONCLUSION: These methods of determining components in four kinds of herbs are simple,accurate,reproducible and can be used for quality control of Jiangzhi Jianfei Tablets.

Objective To explore psychological resilience, anxiety, depression, coping styles and social supports status among parents of preterm infants of ophthalmic clinic, and analyze their relationship. Methods A total of 217 parents of preterm infants at ophthalmic clinic of hospital were selected by convenience sampling method and investigated by self- designed general information questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. Results The total score of psychological resilience was (67.48 ± 14.20) points. The average score of positive coping styles dimension was (1.98±0.50) points, and negative coping style dimension score was (1.19±0.55) points. The social support score was moderate with a total score of (42.75 ± 6.17) points, the anxiety and depression got a total score of (36.77 ± 8.17) points and (39.67 ± 9.02) points respectively. Psychological resilience was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression (r=-0.363--0.242, P<0.01), and was positively correlated with coping styles and the social support (r=0.141-0.312, P<0.05 or 0.01). Multi-factor linear regression analysis showed that depression and social support were the influence factors of psychological resilience(t=-4.376, 2.516, P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions The parents of preterm infants are at the poor psychological states. Coping styles and depression are the important factors which affect psychological resilience among parents of preterm infants. Nurses should assess the psychological status of the parents, provide targeted interventions to relieve stress, guide the parents use social support effectively, and improve their psychological state.