Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common complication of stroke. Its prevalence range was from 23% to 60%. This article reviews the risk factors for PSD,including gender, age, premorbid personality, education, history of stroke and depression, stroke type, stroke location, neurological dysfunction, cognitive impairment, aphasia, and social support.

Objective To investigate the method to prevent the displacement of tissue expander implanted between the panniculus carnosus and deep fasia in rabbits .Method 40 rabbits were divided into two groups randomly: the experimental group and the control group .Through an incision on the back , a pocket was made by dissecting between the rabbit panniculus carnosus and deep fasia .The panniculus carnosus at the pocket boundary were sutured with the deep fascia inside the pocket by interrupted 3-0 sutures.A 50 mL kidney-shaped tissue expander was implanted .The expander was inflated with 10 mL saline after the wound was sutured .7 days after implantation , black tattoos were made on the skin around the expander to mark the site of expander .Two months after implantation , the expanders in the experimental group were inflated with 10 mL saline weekly to a total of 140 mL.7 days after implantation the expanders of control group were inflated with 10 mL saline weekly to a total of 140 mL.The incidence of expander displacement , dehiscence of incision , reversal of injection pot and death were recorded .Results There was no expander displacement in the 19 rabbits of experimental group .All the expanders were located within the tattoo area .There was no expander displacement in 11 rabbits of the control group .4 expanders of the control group moved from the back to belly .The difference between them was statistically significant ( P <0.05 ) .The incidence of dehiscence of incision in the experimental group was not significantly lower than that in the control group ( P >0.05 ) .Meanwhile there was no significant difference in the incidences of reversal of injection pot , infections and deaths ( P >0.05 for all ) .Conclusions Sutures between the panniculus carnosus and the deep fascia at the pocket boundary asisted by delayed inflating can prevent the displacement of tissue expander implanted between the panniculus carnosus and deep fasia in rabbits , thus to obtain effective expansion .

Adult ; Bis(Chloromethyl) Ether ; poisoning ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; chemically induced

Asbestos ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Mesothelioma ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; diagnosis

Objective We compared the effect of three anesthetic procedures on the establishment of and recovery effect on the young minipig models of skull defect,and explore an optimal anesthetic procedure for long-lasting surgical experiment in minipigs.Methods Thirty 3-month old Guizhou minipigs (male∶female=1∶1) were randomly divided into three groups,10 in each group.The group A was given with midazolam and ketamine i.p.,the group B received lumianning II i.p.,and the group C received midazolam combined with ketamine and lumianning II i.p.The induction time of anesthesia,the first anesthesia maintenance time,the first anesthesia maintenance period after additional use of anesthetics,the second time anesthesia maintenance period after additional use of anesthetics,the recovery period,the number of times of additional intraoperative use of anesthetics,cumulative amount of anesthetics used,and the adverse reaction and mortality rates of the animals after anesthesia were observed and analyzed.Results The anesthesia induction time in the group B was significantly longer than that in the groups A and C (P<0.05 for both).The anesthesia maintenance time and the anesthesia maintenance after first and second additional use of anesthetics in the groups A were significantly longer than those of the groups A and B (P<0.05 for both).The recovery periods in groups A and C were shorter than that of the group B (P<0.05 for both).The number of times of additional intraoperative use of anesthetics,the total dose of anesthetics,the adverse reaction and mortality rates in the group C were significantly lower than those of the groups A and B (P<0.05 for both).Conclusions The combination of midazolam with ketamine and lumianning II is a simple,easy to control the anesthesia depth,and a safe method to anesthetize young minipigs in long-lasting surgical experiment.

Objective The study consisted of two parts: in part Ⅰ the effects of propofol or/and procaine on CD18, CD62L expression and superoxide anion (SOA) release of phorbol 12-myristal 13-acetate(PMA) stimulated human neutrophils (PMNs) were studied in vitro; in part Ⅱ the effects of propofol or/and procaine on IL-6 and TNF-?production in endotoxin-stimulated human whole blood were studied. Methods PMNs were separated from the whole blood obtained from healthy 20-40yr old subjects. Part Ⅰ consisted of 9 groups: in group 1 (control) phosphate buffer solution was added to PMNs; in group 2 PMNs were stimulated by PMA 100mg?ml-1 ; in group 3-5 different concentrations of propofol (0.4, 4.0,40?g?ml-1) were added to PMA stimulated PMNs; in group 6-8 different concentrations of procaine (1.5,15,150?g?ml-1 ) were added to PMA stimulated PMNs; in group 9 propofol 2?g?ml-1 and procaine 8?g?ml-1 were added to PMA stimulated PMNs. Part II also consisted of 9 groups: in groupl whole blood was mixed with normal saline; in group2 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) l?g?ml-1 was added to whole blood; in group 3-5 different concentrations of propofol (0.4,4.0,40?g?ml-1) were added to LPS stimulated whole blood; in group 6-8 different concentrations of procaine (1.5, 15, 150?g?ml-1 ) were added to LPS stimulated whole blood; in group 9 propofol 2?g?ml-1 and procaine 8?g?ml-1 were added to LPS stimulated whole blood. CD18, CD62L expressions were measured by flow cytometry. SOA release was determined by cytochrome C reduction in the presence or absence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) . IL-6 and TNF-? production were measured by using radioimmunoassay. Results Propofol or/and procaine depressed CD18 up-regulation, CD62L shedding and SOA release of PMA-stimulated PMNs and propofol was more effective than procaine. Propofol enhanced but procaine inhibited the increased production of TNF-? and IL-6 in the LPS stimulated whole blood but when propofol and procaine were used in combination. The effectof procaine predominated. Conclusions Propofol or/and procaine can attenuate tissue damage induced by neutrophils by inhibiting the function of neutrophils.

In medical physiology experiment courses, the students observe the functions and learn the rules of biological body, in order to improve their abilities of scientific observation, practice and reflection. Emotion control means willpower to manage emotion, which is the regular psychological response when we deal with issues. Integrating the emotion control education to professional education is imperative to elevate the general quality of medical students.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation with limbal tunnel incision.　Methods: A 3.2mm limbal tunnel incision was made on 72 eyes of 66 patients with senile, complicated and traumatic cataract. Phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation was performed. Visual acuity, corneal curvature and corneal topography were measured after the surgery.　 Results: One day, one week and one month after the surgery, visual acuity exceeded 0.5 in 69.4%, 80.6%,86.1% of the patients respectively. One week after the surgery, the mean astigmatism was (1.85±0.89)D(P<0.01), 0.30 D more than that before the surgery. Corneal topography showed that the incision was steep or flat. One month after the surgery, the mean astigmatism was (1.48±1.02)D，P>0.05,corneal topography had recovered.　 Conclusions: Phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation with limbal tunnel incision have comparatively simple, with less postoperative inflammation and faster recovery of visual acuity.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)in thioactamide(TAA)induced acute hepatic injury.Methods Seventy-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group(n=18),TAA model group(n=30)and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC)pretreated group(n=30).The rats in PDTC group were received 100 rag/kg of PDTC 1 h before induction of the model.Every 10 rats in TAA group and PDTC pretreated group and 6 rats in normal group were sacrificed at 6,24,48 hour after induction of the model tO mesure levels of endotoxin,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-6.The expression of the intercellular adhesion molecular(ICAM)-1 in hepatic tissue was tested using RT-PCR and the NF-κB activity was 48 hour were higher in TAA group[(87.11±8.23)%.(78.55±6.82)%and(74.27±6.26)%,respectively]than those in normal group[(4.64±1.82)%,(4.55±1.67)%and(4.91±2.12)%,all comparison with normal group(P＜0.01).The serum concentration of endotoxin and TNF-α in PDTC pretreated group were higher than those in normal group(P＜0.0 1).but lower than those in TAA with ticrmal group(P＜0.01).The serum concentration of IL-6 in PDTC pretreated group was higher at 24 and 48 hour than those in normal group(P＜0.01),but lower than thoes in TAA group(P＜group(P＜0.01).The expression of ICAM-1 in PDTC pretreated group was higher than that in immunohistochemical examination showed that liver necrosis was folund in TAA group and PDTC pretreated group.Conclusion The Nuclear factor-κB may aggravate the injury of liver by promoting expressions of TNF-α,IL-6 and ICAM-1.

Objective To investigate the effects of therapeutic exercise(cage running)on the expression of Bel-2 and Bax in neuronal cells after cerebral hemorrhage(ICH)in rats. Methods A total of 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 270 to 300 g were divided into a trial group(ICH and exercise group,n=40),a control group (ICH only,n=40)and a sham-operated group(sham ICH operation and no exercise,n=40).The brains were removed at 7,14,21 and 28 days after ICH.The activation of Bcl-2 and Bax WaS measured by immunohistochemical techniques,Western blotting and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results (1)Bel-2-positive and Bax-positive cells appeared in tissues surrounding the hematoma in the cortex.The number of Bcl-2-posotive and Bax-positive cells was nearly zero in the sham-operated group.In the trim group.the number of Bcl-2-positive cells increased significantly from the 21 st to the 28th day.Bax.positive cells decreased from the 7th to the 28th day after ICH when compared with the control group and the sham-operated group.(2)The expression of Bcl-2mRNA and Bax-mRNA as shown by Western blotting and RT-PCR methods was synchronous with the immunohistochemistry results.The peaks of Bcl-2mRNA and BaxmRNA expression were a little earlier than those of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. Conclusion Exercise can mitigate neuronal cell apoptosis by upregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA,and downregulating the expression of Bax and Bax mRNA.