OBJECTlVE To observe the effect of soybean isofIavone( SI)on the expression of nephrin and investigate its protection mechanism in the kidney of diabetic rats. METHODS A diabetic rat modeI was induced after streptozocin(STZ)60 mg·kg-1 was injected into Sprague-DawIey rats. After 72 h,SI 40,120 and 360 mg·kg-1 was ip given to rats in SI groups,respectiveIy,once daiIy,for 8 weeks. The concentration of fasting bIood gIucose( FBG)was determined by a bIood gIucose meter. Urine protein(UP)of 24 h was determined using ELISA. The concentration of serum creatinine(SCr),bIood urea nitrogen(BUN),maIondiaIdehyde(mDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)was determined by an automatic biochemicaI anaIyzer. The expression of nephrin,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and NF-κB protein in renaI tissue was measured by Western bIotting,respectiveIy. RESULTS Compared with normaI controI group,the concentration of FBG,24 h UP,BUN,SCr and mDA in modeI group was aII siginificantIy increased(P﹤0.05,P﹤0.01),but SOD was decreased( P﹤0.01).Compared with modeI group,BUN in SI 40,120 and 360 mg·kg-1 groups decreased from(24.3±6.3)mmoI·L-1 to(16.8±4.9), (13.4±5.4)and(7.7±1.2)mmoI·L-1 ,respectiveIy,24 h UP in SI 360 mg·kg-1 group decreased from (1.26±0.45)mg to(0.88±0.15)mg( P﹤0.01),SCr decreased from(56.4±8.4)μmoI·L-1 to(35.3± 4.3)μmoI·L-1(P﹤0.01),mDA decreased from(8.32±1.40)μmoI·L-1 to(5.33±0.95)μmoI·L-1(P﹤0.01), but SOD in SI 120 and 360 mg·kg-1 groups increased from(125.5 ±2.4)kU·L-1 to 144.2 ±9.2 and (169.2±3.2)kU·L-1(P﹤0.01). Compared with SI 120 mg·kg-1 ,SCr,BUN and mDA in SI 360 mg·kg-1 group were aII siginificantIy Iower(P﹤0.05,P﹤0.01),but SOD was higher(P﹤0.01). Compared with normaI controI group,the expression of nephrin protein greatIy decreased(P﹤0.01),whiIe the expres-sion of TNF-α protein greatIy increased in modeI group( P ﹤0.01). Compared with modeI group,the expression of nephrin protein greatIy increased in SI 40,120 and 360 mg·kg-1 groups(P﹤0.01),whiIe the expression of TNF-α and NF-κB protein greatIy decreased in SI 120 and 360 mg·kg-1 groups(P﹤0.01). CONCLUSlON The mechanism by which SI protects the kidney may be partIy reIated to anti-infIammation,antioxidation and increasing the expression of nephrin in diabetic rats.

AIM: To establish human lymphocyte cell line secreting monoclonal antibody against Rhesus(D) antigen and analyse the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of a human monoclonal anti-D Fab fragment. METHODS: By using PCR method, the cDNA of human anti-(Rhesus D) antibody(lgM ?)Fab fragment was amplified from an Epstein- Barr-virus-transformed cell line. Cloning and subsequent sequence analysis of the Fab fragment was performed. The deduced amino acid sequence was compared and analysed with previously published sequences. RESULTS : A band of approximate 700 and 650 base pairs was amplified using lgM heavy chain primers and ? light chain primers, respectively. Sequence analysis indicated that the deduced amino acid sequences was in agreement with the characterization of the amino acid present in the human lg Fab fragment. CONCLUSION: The cloning and sequencing of a human anti-Rhesus (D) antibody Fab fragment cDNA will make benefits for production of recombinant anti-Rhesus (D) antibody and prevention of Rh haemolytic disease in the newborn.

OBJECTIVE：To stu dy the improvement effect s of Dantaojin （Salvia miltiorrhiza ，Persicae Semen ，Curcumae Radix）extract on oxidative stress of liver and kidney in chronic lead poisoning model mice. METHODS ：Totally 72 mice were randomly divided into normal control group ，model group ，positive control group （dimercaptosuccinate，70 mg/kg），Dantaojin extract low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （20，40，60 g/kg），with 12 mice in each group. Except for normal control group，other groups were given intraperitoneal injection of lead acetate solution 20 mg/kg（every other day ，consecutive 20 days） to establish chronic lead poisoning model. After modeling ，administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically ， normal control group and model group were given constant volume of water intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 20 days. After last medication ，body weight of mice was weighed ，and organ coefficients （kidney and liver ）were calculated. Serum levels of ALT ，AST，BUN and Scr were determined by automatic biochemical detector. HE staining was used to observe histopathological features of liver and kidney. ELISA method was used to determine the levels of GSH-Px ，SDO and MDA in liver and renal tissue. RESULTS：Compared with normal control group ，body weight （except for high-dose group ），the levels of SOD （except for high-dose group ）and GSH-Px were all decreased significantly in model group and Dantaojin extract groups ，while the renal coefficients（except for high-dose group ），liver coefficients （except for low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose group ），the levels of BUN （except for high-dose group ），Scr，AST（except for high-dose group ），ALT and MDA were increased significantly （P＜ 0.05 or P＜0.01）. The epithelial cells of glomerulus and renal tubules were atrophied ，the arrang ement of hepatocytes was loose and some cells were necrotic. Compared with model group ，body weight ，the levels of SOD and GSH-Px were increased significantly in positive control group and Dantaojin extract groups，while the renal and liver coefficients ，the levels of BUN，Scr，AST，ALT and M DA were decreased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Histopathological fea tures of liver and renal tissue were improved significantly in Dantaojin extract medium-dose and high-dose groups. CONCLUSIONS ：Dantaojin extract could improve oxidant stress injury in liver and renal tissue，the mechanism of which may be associated with eliminating reactive oxygen radicals ，inhibiting lipid peroxidation and enhancing antioxidant defense ability.

Objective:To document the clinical features of children with cerebral palsy (CP) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods:The gross motor functioning of 325 children diagnosed as having CP was graded using the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS). The GMFCS grades were correlated with MRI results in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The significance of any relationship between the MRI results and co-morbidities was tested using chi-squared tests.Results:Cerebral dysplasia, cerebroventricular enlargement, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), abnormal signals in the thalami, and morphological changes after hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy were all found to be significantly correlated with GMFCS grading. Moreover, the chi-squared tests indicated that PVL children, children with thinning of the corpus callosum and/or abnormal signals in the thalami were significantly more likely to have visual, auditory or speech impairment complications and/or mental retardation.Conclusions:The findings from MRI correlate well with types of CP, GMFCS grades and co-morbidities among CP children. MRI can be an effective tool for early diagnosis and prognosis of CP in children, indicating needs for clinical rehabilitation.

Objective:To observe any effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on sleep disorders among children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods:A total of 102 children with CP and disordered sleep were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, each of 51. All were given routine rehabilitation and sleep health education, but the experimental group additionally received rTMS for two weeks. The polysomnography (PSG) results of the two groups were recorded and analyzed.Results:The PSG parameters had improved greatly in both groups after the treatment. The percentage of N2 sleep (depth of sleep during light sleep) in the severe cerebral palsy group and of N3 sleep (depth of sleep during deep sleep) in the moderate cerebral palsy group had increased significantly more than in the mild cerebral palsy group, on average. After the intervention the percentages of N2 and N3 in those with mixed cerebral palsy and of N3 in those with involuntary motor cerebral palsy had increased significantly more than in those with spastic cerebral palsy, on average.Conclusion:rTMS treatment can improve the sleep disorders of children with cerebral palsy, especially N2 sleep among children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy, N3 sleep in cases of mixed or dyskinetic CP.