Seventy cases of intrahepatic biliary stones were treated in our hospital from 1979 to 1989, 22 cases of them had postoperative residual biliary stones. The purpose of the paper is to summarize, analyse and discuss the various causes and preventive measures of intrahepatic residual stones. The necessary approaches in operations were emphasiaed in order to reduec the incidence of intrahepatic duct residual stones.

Objective To evaluate the level of serum cholesterol in patients with progressive gastric cancer and gastric ulcer before and after operation, and the relationship between the level of serum cholesterol and the clinical differential degree of progressive gastric cancer . Methods To measure the content of serum cholesterol in patients with progressive gastric cancer and gastric ulcer before operation and after operation 10 day. The size of tumor, infiltration, metastasis and the pattern of the operation were studied statistically. Results The level of serum cholesterol in group of progressive gastric cancer was significant lower than that of normal control group(P 0.05 ) in group A, but there was significant difference in group B after the operation(P

The main pathological change of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was the formation of senile plaques (SP) induced by the abnormal accumulation ofβ-amyloid protein (Aβ). Blood-brain barrier (BBB) can regulate the Aβ metabolism in the brain through relevant transporter to complete the across BBB transport. This paper introduced two main transporters, which were the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) in BBB for the elucidation of neuronal cell toxicity induced by inflammatory factors from Aβ accumulation within the brain. It further explored the regulation on two transport proteins, which were RAGE and LRP-1 in BBB for the reduction of abnormal accumulation of Aβ, relieving of inflammation in the brain, and protection of cerebral neurons by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

Objective To compare the application of debridement combined with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) versus debridement combined with conventional dressing change in patients with subscalp infection following surgical treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and investigate the effect of VSD in treatment of wound infection associated with surgery for TBI.Methods A retrospective review was conducted on clinical data of 60 TBI patients with combined wound infection after decompressive craniotomy between August 2005 and January 2012.According to the treatment modalities after admission,the patients were divided into debridement combined with VSD group (Group A) and debridement combined with conventional dressing change group (Group B),with 30 patients per group.Then wound healing,infection relapse rate and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups.Results All 60 patients were followed up for 12-36 months (mean 21.6 months).The wound infection did not recur after surgery in Group A and sutures were removed in time.Seven patients (23％) in Group B presented with recurrent wound infection after the removal of wound drainage tube,which was healed after an additional debridement and drainage as well as the delay of suture removal.Wound healing time (13 d vs 22 d),dressing change frequency (3 times vs 8 times),length of hospital stay (17 d vs 26 d),antibiotic use duration (7 d vs 14 d),and time to drop the body temperature to normal after operation (2 d vs 4 d) in Group A and B respectively showed significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In treatment of wound infection associated with decompressive craniotomy for TBI,VSD is beneficial for rapid healing of the infected wound and is worthy of wide clinical use.

In order to promote the optional subjects' function in perfecting knowledge structure and developing students'personalities,through analyses of the results of 830 classmates' selection of optional subjects,we know in detail the contents,objective and the factors for which students hope to increase and select optional subjects.Thus suggestions for enhancing the construction and management of optional subjects have been put forward: transforming conception,nailing down the study purpose,increasing optional subjects and establishing the leading teachers' system of optional subjects.

Objective To investigate clinical effects differences of ropivacaine combined with two doses of sufentanil on labor analgesia.Methods300 lying-in women with painless childbirth in the period from January 2016 to December 2016 in department of obstetrics in Deqing hospital of traditional Chinese medicine were chosen and randomly divided into two groups including A group (150 cases) with ropivacaine combined with conventional doses of sufentanil for 7.5μg and B group (150 cases) with ropivacaine combined with low doses of sufentanil for 2.5μg;the block onset time of sensory and motor, arrival time at the maximum block level, modified Bromage score, Apgar score, VAS score at different time points and adverse reaction rate of both groups were compared.ResultsTwo groups of maternal sensory and motor block work time and reach the highest block plane comparative differences had no statistical significance.The modified Bromage score of B group were significant better than A group(P<0.05).The adverse reaction rate of B group were significant lower than A group(P<0.05).ConclusionCompared with conventional dosage sufentanil, luo pp paid in combination with low dose used in epidural sufentanil analgesia can obviously reduce the working time, improve the quality of anesthesia and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, is suitable for clinicians to choose application.

Objective To explore the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing healthcare-associated infection(HAI) in a hospital,and provide theoretical basis for rational use of antimicrobial agents and control of HAL Methods HAI occurred in patients in this hospital between 2011 and 2015 were chosen,distribution of major pathogens causing HAI and antimicrobial resistance were analyzed.Results A total of 852 pathogenic strains were isolated,including 458 (53.75 ％) strains of gram-negative bacteria,259 (30.40 ％) fungi,and 135 (15.85 ％) gram-positive bacteria,the top 4 pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n =159,18.66 ％),Candida albicans (n =119,13.97％),Acinetobacter baumannii (n =81,9.51％),and Escherichia coli (n =74,8.69 ％).Isolation rate of gram-negative bacteria increased from 47.41 ％ in 2012 to 61.57％ in 2015,fungi increased from 24.78％ in 2011 to 34.45％ in 2014 (2015 was 27.95％),gram-positive bacteria decreased from 26.55％ in 2011 to 10.48％ in 2015.Resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to imipenem and meropenem were 8.11％-12.58％;Acinetobacter baumannii had the lowest resistance rate to cefoperazone/sulbactam(23.46％),resistance rate of Candida albicans to fluconazole was up to 59.66％,vancomycin-resistant gram-positive bacteria was not found.Conclusion The major pathogens causing HAI are opportunistic pathogens,antimicrobial resistance is serious,the species and distribution varies with different years,it is necessary to enhance specimen detection rate,strengthen the monitoring on pathogen resistance,and use antimicrobial agents rationally.

BACKGROUND:Hydroxyapatite (HA) artificial bone,as bone grafting substitute,would not cause inflammatory reaction or immunological rejection and possesses good biocompatibility after transplantation into human body.It is a novel implant material with bone conduction ability.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of HA artificial bone in bilateral open-door posterior cervical expansive laminoplasty and to make a comparison with autogenous bone.DESIGN,TIME AND SETFING:A retrospective case analysis was performed at the Department of Spine Surgery,Hungpuyuan Branch,the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from March 2001 to December 2008.PARTICIPANTS:Seventy patients with cervical spondylosis complicated by compression in 3 or more segments or by cervical stenosis and additional fifteen patients with cervical stenosis complicated by cervical trauma were included in this study.METHODS:A bilateral open-door posterior cervical expansive laminoplasty was performed,in which,23 patients received autogenous bone transplantation (autogenous bone group) and 62 patients underwent HA artificial bone transplantation (HA group).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:① Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score pdor to and after surgery,surgery time,and intraoperative bleeding.② HA artificial bone-host biocompatibility.RESULTS:All eighty-five patients were followed up for more than 3 months.There was no significant difference in JOA scores no matter prior to or after surgery between the autogenous bone and HA groups (P＞0.05).The surgery time averaged 85.2 minutes (range 65-110 minutes) in the HA group and averaged 116.4 minutes (range 75-150 minutes) in the autogenous bone group.The intraoperative bleeding averaged 210 mL (range 130-400 mL) in the HA group and averaged 260 mL (range 170-500 mL) in the autogenous bone group.There were no material-host response and other severe complications found in each group,except HA artificial bone fragmentation in 3 patients from the HA group.CONCLUSION:HA artificial bone yields good efficacy and causes fewer complications in bilateral open-door posterior cervical expansive laminoplasty;in addition,it requires less time for surgery and causes less bleeding.

BACKGROUND:Antedor canulated screw has been considered an ideal method to treat odontoid fracture.OBJECTIVE:To compare the biomechanical properties of different anterior screws.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized contrast study was performed at the Biomechanics Laboratory of Southern Medical University from March to September 2006.MATERIALS:Double-thread canulated screws and single-thread canulated screws were made of titanium alloy and provided by Shuangyang Medical Apparatus Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou.METHODS:A total of head-neck complexes (C0-C3) which were collected from 20 corpses were maintained in formaldehyde for less than 3 months;thereafter,the muscles and ligaments were removed to obtain the axis specimens so as to make type Ⅱ odontoid fracture models.The fracture samples were individually treated with double-thread and single-thread canulated screws,with 10 samples for each group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The shear stiffness and the maximum resistance of the two kinds of screw were tested in this study.RESULTS:The shear stiffness of the double-thread screw group was significantly higher than the single-thread screw group (P＜0.01 );however,there was no significant different in the maximum resistance between the two groups (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Double-thread canulated screws have a strong biomechanical stability for treating odontoid fracture;therefore,the first choice of the internal fixation should be double-thread canuiated screws for patients with osteoporosis or those who are susceptible to expanded screw pathway during surgical procedures.

Duck circovirus(DuCV),a potential immunosuppressive virus,was investigated in Southern China from March 2006 to December 2009 by using a polymerase chain reaction(PCR)based method. In this study,a total of 138 sick or dead duck samples from 18 different farms were examined with an average DuCV infection rate of～35%. It was found that ducks between the ages of 40～60 days were more susceptible to DuCV. There was no evidence showing that the DuCV virus was capable of vertical transmission. Farms with positive PCR results exhibited no regularly apparent clinical abnormalities such as feathering disorders,growth retardation or lower-than-average weight. The complete genomes of 9. strains from Fujian Province and 1 from Zhejiang Province were sequenced and analyzed. The 10 DuCV genomes,compared with others genomes downloaded from GenBank,ranged in size from 1988 to 1996 base pairs,with sequence identities ranging from 83.2% to 99.8%. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome sequences demonstrated that DuCVs can be divided into two distinct genetic genotypes,Group I(the Euro-USA lineage)and Group II(the Taiwan lineage),with approximately 10.0% genetic difference between the two types. Molecular epidemiological data suggest there is no obvious difference among DuCV strains isolated from different geographic locations or different species,including Duck,Muscovy duck,Mule duck,Cheery duck,Mulard duck and Pekin duck.