Objective To investigate the relationship between gliosis, synaptic reorganization and the mechanism of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy induced by kainic acid. Methods The mossy fibers sprouting, synaptic reorganization and gliosis were observed by Neo-Timm staining and immunohistochemical staining respectively. Results The injected (ipslateral) side was injured predominantly in the CA 3 subfield and hilus, whereas the CA 1 subfield was injured mildlyThe contralateral side showed pathological changes mainly in the CA 1 subfield and hilus, and moderately in the CA 3 subfieldThe longer the rats survived, the more obvious changes were observed in the hippocampuses. Conclusion The injection of kainic acid in hippocampus can cause neuronal loss, reactive gliosis and plasticity of neurons, probably form the abnormal neuronal discharge circuit, finally induce the seizures

AIM: To study the effect of tissue kallikrein gene (HK) treatment on blood pressure in type 2 diabetic rats and its mechanism. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were injected with low dose streptozotocin and fed with diets enriched in fat and sugar to form type 2 diabetic model. Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV)-mediated HK gene (HK group) or LacZ gene (LacZ group) was introduced to the diabetic rats. The systolic blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks. The acetylcholine (Ach)-dependent vasodilation response, the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-A receptor (ET_A-R) in the aorta were detected. RESULTS: (1) Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in diabetic rats than that in normal control rats. In HK group, systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced within 2 weeks after injection with rAAV?HK, reached near normal levels at 4 weeks and kept until the experiments ended (16 weeks). (2) In LacZ group, Ach-dependent vasodilation response of isolated aorta was markedly decreased than that in HK group (P

Objective To explore the factor structure of the anxiety imagery characteristics questionnaire.Methods Through the literature review and expert group discussion,the initial anxiety imagery features questionnaire was created.The first questionnaire contained 49 items of anxiety imagery,which was answered by 106 imagery dialogue psychotherapists.After analysis of the items and exploratory factors,the formal questionnaire that contained 20 items of anxiety imagery characteristics was formed.The formal questionnaire was measured by 115 imagery dialogue psychotherapists,then,exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were made.Results The exploratory factor analysis showed that four factors whose Eigen value were more than 1 were extracted from l0 items,including emotional panic,uneasy,tense muscles,and motor restlessness.Those four factors explained 54.39％ of the total variance.Confirmatory analysis showed that x2/df was 2.142 ; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.059 ; and comparative fit index (CFI),goodness-of-fit index (GFI),non-normed fit index (NNFI) and RSMEA was 0.912,0.935,0.896,and 0.057,respectively.Conclusions The four-factor structure was constructed by 10 items of anxiety imagery characteristics questionnaire.

Objective To investigate the association of two functional polymorphisms of tryptophan hydroxylase 2(THP2) gene,rs4570625 and rs4565946,with poststroke anxiety disorders.Methods Totally 112 poststroke anxiety patients and 246 non-anxious stroke controls were included and completed Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.DNA was extracted from blood and genotyped for the two polymorphisms of THP2 gene by polymorphism chain reaction.Results The G allele of rs4570625 was associated with the increased risk of poststroke anxiety.Both the GG genotype and G allele were observed to be significantly higher in female case than in control.No significant difference in genotype and allele firequencies of the rs4565946 was found among the groups.Patients with the G-C haplotype had significantly increased the risk of poststroke anxiety compared to controls.Conclusions Our findings suggest that these ftmctional polymorphisms in TPH2 gene may be involved in development of poststroke anxiety.

Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36),Taichong(LR3) and Hegu(LI4) points combined with three-step analgesic ladder for the treatment of gastric cancer pain.Methods Sixty patients with moderate and severe pain induced by gastric cancer were randomly divided into study group and control group,30 cases in each group.The study group was treated with acupuncture at Zusanli,Taichong and Hegu points combined with three-step analgesic ladder for gastric cancer pain management,and the control group was treated with three-step analgesic ladder only.After treatment for 7 days,the clinical effectiveness was evaluated with the average pain scores of Numerical Rating Scale(NRS),Quality of Life Scale(QOL-BREF by WHO),Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS).And the incidence of adverse reaction was also observed.Results (1) After treatment,the markedly-effective analgesic rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).(2) After treatment,QOL scores of both groups were much improved as compared with those before treatment(P ＜ 0.05),and the improvement of the study group was superior to that of the control group(P ＜0.05).(3) The depression scores of both groups were much improved after treatment (P ＜ 0.05 compared with those before treatment),but the difference between the two groups was insignificant(P ＞ 0.05).(4) The incidence of adverse reaction of the study group was lower than that of the control group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The effect of acupuncture at Zusanli,Taichong and Hegu points combined with three-step analgesic ladder is better than three step analgesic ladder alone for the treatment of gastric cancer pain.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV) expressing human tissue kallikrein gene (rAAV-HK) on insulin resistance and renal complications in tyDe2 diabetic rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were injected low dose streptozotocin and fed with high fat and sucrose diets to form type 2 diabetic model. rAAV mediated HK gene (HK group) or LacZ gene (LacZ group) were introduced to the diabetic rats, and their systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and insulin, serum creatinine, urine creatinine, urine osmolarity and urine microalbumin were measured. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) were calculated. The expression of PI3-kinase p11o catalytic subunit (p110) and Akt phosphorylation on Thr-308 were detected by Western blot. The morphology of kidney wag observed. Results Delivery of rAAVHK resulted in a reduction in blood pressure at 2 weeks and the hypotensive effect lasted for the duration of the study. The HOMA-IR was significantly lower in HK group than LacZ group (4.76±0.33 vs 8.36±0.48, P<0.01) at the end of the study, fasting insulin level was reduced [(8.19±2.45 vs 13.85±3.76)mIU/L. P<0.01], but there was no significant change in fasting blood glucose [(13.09±3.01 vs 13.58±2.88)mmol/L].The phosphorylation of p11o and Akt Thr-308 were significantly decreased in skeletal muscle and liver in LacZ group and were almost corrected by HK gene therapy. The UAER and Ccr were significantly lower and urinary osmolarity were higher in HK-treated rats compared with LaeZ rats. Histological assessment indicated that the renal complication was relieved by HK gene delivery. Conclusion The rAAV-mediated HK gene delivery efficiently attenuated insulin resistance partly through PI3K/Akt pathway and diabetic nephropathy in type 2diabetic rats.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of resistance to carbapenems in Pseudomonas aeruginasa from 5 teaching hospitals in Beijing. Methods A total of 213 non-duplicate imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aernginosa (IRPA) isolates were collected from 5 hospitals in Beijing from June 2004 to December 2005. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of meropenem, imipenem and others antibiotics were determined by agar dilution method. Disk diffusion test was used for screening metalloenzymes. The bla IMP,bla VIM and OprD2 genes were amplified by PCR and only sequenced. Results Out of 213 isolates, OprD2 loss was detected in 84 isolates and IMP-1 enzyme was detected in 6 isolates simultaneously. Thirteen IRPAs only produced IMP-1 and 2 isolates only produced VIM-2. Conclusion OprD2 loss and metallo-β-lactamuse production are the parts of the mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Beijing.

Objective To investigate the relationship between carotid arteriostenosis and atheromatous plaques with cerebral in-farction.Methods Cervical spiral CT angiography of 56 cases with cerebral infarction and 49 cases without cerebral infarction were retrospectively analysed .The difference between the two groups was compared with regard to the distribution ,nature of plaques and the degree of carotid artery stenosis.Results Of 56 patients with cerebral infarction,126 atheromatous plaques were detected in 42 patients,of which 39 were soft,34 were calcified,53 exhibited a combined nature of both calcified and soft plaque and 7 cases were plaque ulcerations (soft plaque and mixed plaque accounted for about 73%).Plaque location for carotid artery was in the bifurcation. 102 carotid arteries stenosis were found in 38 patients,which included mild stenosis in 29,moderate in 40,severe in 27 and occlusion in 6(moderate and severe stenosis accounted for about 65.7%).In the control group,28 plaques were detected in 1 1 cases,of which 6 were soft,13 were calcified and 9 exhibited a combined nature of both calcified and soft plaque.1 1 carotid arteries stenosis were found in 7 patients,included mild stenosis in 10,moderate in 1.A significant difference (P <0.05)in carotid arteriostenosis and ath-eromatous plaques between the two groups was found.Conclusion Carotid plaques and stenosis are important risk factors of cerebral infarction.Multi-slice spiral CT angiography(MSCTA)has important value in analysis of carotid artery stenosis and atheroderotic plaques.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of sodium danshensu,protocatechuic aldehyde,salvianolic acid B and phellodendrine hydrochloride in Shenbai shuxin granules.METHODS:HPLC method was adopted.The separation was performed on Waters sunfire-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.05 ％ trifluoroacetic acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 288 nm,and the column temperature was 30 ℃.The sample size was 5 μL.RESULTS:The linear ranges of sodium danshensu,protocatechuic aldehyde,salvianolic acid B and phellodendrine hydrochloride were 0.040 01-1.600 46 μg(r=0.999 9),0.013 84-0.553 7 μg(r=0.999 9),0.049 32-1.972 94 μg(r=0.999 6),0.014 46-0.578 6 μg(r=0.999 8).The limits of quantitation were 7.68,2.66,4.74,1.38 ng,and the limits of detection were 1.92,0.66,2.36,0.69 ng,respectively.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2％.The recoveries were 98.846％-100.762％ (RSD=0.77％,n=6),96.632％-99.463％ (RSD=0.98％,n=6),98.541％-100.432％ (RSD=0.82 ％,n =6),98.607 ％-101.521％ (RSD =1.11％,n =6),respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and precise.It can be used for 4 components in Shenbai shuxin granules.

Dachengqi Decoction is a classic prescription attacked by Yangming excessive syndromes in clinic, which has the effects of relieving heat, softening and dispersing knots, etc., and is often used in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by various diseases. This article reviewed the recent studies on the chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Dachengqi Decoction in recent years. On this basis, combined with the "five principles" of TCM quality markers, the quality markers of Dachengqi Decoction were predicted and analyzed. It is suggested that emodin, Rhein, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, synephrine, hesperidin, naringin, magnolol and magnolol can be used as quality markers of Dachengqi Decoction.