Objective To compare the effects of three kinds of fixative solutions on paraffin section of mouse lens tissue and optimize the fixing?method of paraffin section in mouse lens tissue. Methods Three kinds of conventional fixatives were selected for the test ,including the conven?tional Davison’s solution,modified Davison’s solution and 10%neutral buffered formalin. Mice eyeball tissues were fixed with three different fixa?tives,embedded,sliced and then stained with HE method. The paraffin slices were observed under the light microscope. Results The structures of lens and retina fixed in conventional Davison ’s fixative solutions were clear and intact ,and the cells were arranged regularly and compactly. There was no eyeball distortion,contraction and retinal detachment in the eyeballs fixed in modified and conventional Davison’s fixative solution. However,the ones fixed in 10%neutral buffered formalin showed eyeball distortion and contraction,space and spherules. Conclusion The mice lens slides made from tissues fixed by conventional Davison ’s fixative solution are better than fixed by modified Davison ’s fixative solution and the 10%neutral buffered formalin fixed ones.

Objective: To apply repetitive saliva swallowing test and standardized swallowing assessment combined with the volume-viscosity swallow test on patients with acquired brain injury, we aim to identify the potential risks of oral intake during the patients′ recovery stage, and improve the strategy of aspiration prevention. Methods: Totally 142 patients with acquired brain injury were selected as the observation group during November 2016 and November 2017, and 153 patients with acquired brain injury were selected as the control group during October 2015 and October 2016. The control group was assessed by water swallow test, while a combination of the Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test, the Standardized Swallowing Assessment and Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test was used to assess the observation group till discharging. The detection rate of aspiration risk and the incidence of aspiration pneumonia was compared between the two groups. Results: The detection rate of aspiration risk was 36.6% (52/142) in the observation group and 7.8% (12/153) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=35.899, P < 0.05). The incidence of aspiration pneumonia was 1.4% (2/142) in the observation group and 12.4% (19/153) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=13.502, P < 0.05). Conclusions The combined application of the Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test, the Standardized Swallowing Assessment and the Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test can improve the detection rate of aspiration risk in the acquired-brain-injury patients with suspicious swallowing dysfunction, reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia, increase the nursing safety, and improve the health outcomes of neurosurgical patients.

2019-nCoV has spread rapidly around the world, posing a major threat to global public health systems. This is the third time that a highly pathogenic coronavirus has emerged in the human population during the past 20 years. Researchers have conducted a number of studies since the coronavirus epidemic broke out, but there are no specific drugs or vaccines for coronavirus. Therefore, further systematic research on coronavirus is still needed. This review focused on the structure, life cycle and pathogenesis of coronavirus and summarized the current progress in detection approaches, treatment strategies and vaccines for COVID-19 with a view to provide references for further research.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of hospitalized elderly schizophrenia patients combined with somatic diseases.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on hospitalized elderly schizophrenia patients using a questionnaire developed by ourselves at three mental health centers in Shanghai.Gender,age,length of education,course of disease,somatic diseases (hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,organic cerebral disease,and heart disease),antipsychotic medication as well as other relevant information were collected.Meanwhile,body mass index,body height and other relevant indexes were measured.Results Among 304 subjects,176 (57.9 ％) were complicated with somatic diseases,including 120 (39.5％) with hyperlipidemia,113 (37.2％) with hypertension and 78 (25.7％) with diabetes mellitus as the top three somatic diseases.Patients who were overweight or took atypical antipsychotics were more susceptible to somatic diseases (both P＜0.05);female patients were more susceptible to heart disease and diabetes than male patients (P ＜0.05);patients aged 70 years and over were susceptible to hypertension and hyperlipidemia than those under 70 years old (P＜0.05).Somatic diseases were related to age (over 70 years old),overweight and use of atypical antipsychotics in hospitalized elderly schizophrenia patients (P＜0.05).Conclusions The incidence of somatic diseases in hospitalized elderly schizophrenia patients is relatively high,and the most common somatic diseases are hyperlipidemia,hypertension and diabetes mellitus.Age,overweight and use of atypical antipsychotics are the influence factors for somatic diseases in these patients.

Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics of tsutsugamushi disease, and to confirm the existence of the disease's epidemic foci in Taizhou. Methods: From 2013 to 2014, Dongxing town hospital and Xingqiao town hospital were selected as specimen collection sites in Jingjiang city. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected from 40 patients with acute tsutsugamushi disease. A total of 59 rodents were captured with cage night method in the survey sites at 5, 7, 9, 10, and 11 months in 2013, from which, the spleen, liver, and kidney specimens were selected. Chigger mites were captured by small blackboard method and from the ears of the captured rodents. A total of 226 small blackboards were laid, 27 mites were captured, and the samples were grounded into suspension. Nested-polymerase chain reaction and cell and tissue culture techniques were used to test the specimen from the probable patients, host animals and chigger mites. Results: Among the 40 acute tsutsugamushi disease blood samples, 29 were found to meet the test requirements, 17 were positive for orientia tsutsugamushi nucleic acid with 59% of the positive rate, and 1 stran orientia tsutsugamushi was isolated. 59 rats were captured and the density of mice was 5.5%. Among them, there were 26 Mus musculus (2.4%), 18 Rattus flavipectus (1.7%) and 15 Smelly shrew (density 1.4%). 1 Smelly shrew was tested positive for orientia tsutsugamushi nucleic acid, and the negative results were found in the other rodent specimens. 27 Chigge mites were collected by small blackboard method and the density of mites was 0.12 for each blackboard, among which 3 larvae and 24 nymphs were found. 33 Chigger mites were collected from the ears of 3 Smelly shrew, and the density of the mite was 11 per mouse. All the captured Chigger mites were identified as Leptotrombidium scutellare and 1 group of specimens of Chigger mites from the external environment were positive for orientia tsutsugamushi nucleic acid. Conclusion There was a high density of mice in the epidemic area from May to November and the species of the chigger mites were Chigger mites in Taizhou. The nucleic acid of the oriental tsutsugamushi was detected in the patients with acute scrub typhus, rodents and vectors. According to the above-mentioned results, it was considered that the scrub typhus epidemic area of Taizhou city has the natural foci of scrub typhus.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of peginterferon ( PegIFN) α-2b in treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B ( CHB).Methods Thirty two patients with HBeAg-positive CHB admitted in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital during November 2013 and January 2014 were recruited in the study.Patients were center randomly assigned into two groups : 22 patients in test group were treated with 180 μg PegIFN α-2b, 1 /w for 48 wk; 10 patients in control group were treated with 180 μg PegIFN α-2a (Pegasys), 1 /w for 48wk.All patients were followed up for 24wk after treatment.Virology markers, HBV DNA levels and liver functions were monitored regularly , and adverse events were observed . Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the efficacy and safety between two groups .Results There were no statistically significant differences between the control group and test group in ALT normalization rates , HBV DNA negative rates and HBeAg serological conversion rates both at the end of treatment and at the end of 24-wk follow-up (all P >0.05).Both groups had similar adverse effect incidence rates (P >0.05), but retina disease occurred in 7 cases of test group, which was not observed in control group .Conclusion Compared with PegIFN α-2a, PegIFN α-2b has similar efficacy and safety for patients with HBeAg -positive CHB.

Objective To evaluate the treatment effect of combination of dexmedetomidine and droperidol on emergence agitation during general anesthesia recovery period in the elderly undergoing thoracotomy. Methods Sixty patients with severe emergence agitation during general anesthesia recovery period undergoing thoracotomy for esophageal cancer or pulmonary lobectomy, aged 66-75 years, falling into ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, were divided into three groups, 20 patients in each according to table of random number: group droperidol (group F) and group dexmedetomidine (group D) and group dexmedetomidine combining droperidol (group DF). In group F, 0.06 mg/kg droperidol was administrated via central vein. In group D, 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine was pumped via central vein in 10 min, followed by continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine in 0.2 μg·kg-1·h-1 for 1 h. While in group DF, 0.03 mg/kg droperidol was administrated via central vein and 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine was pumped via central vein in 10 min, then followed by continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine in 0.2 μg·kg-1·h-1 for 1 h. The agitation scores and the Ramsay scores were collected after the beginning of anti-agitation. Arterial blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide was tested. Postoperative complications including nausea and vomiting were recorded. Results Compared with group D, the agitation scores at 5, 10, 15 and 20 min in group DF were lower (P ＜ 0.05). Comparing with group F, the agitation scores at 60, 90 and 120 min in group DF were lower (P ＜ 0.05). The incidence of over-sedation in group DF and in group D was less than that in group F (P ＜ 0.05). PaCO2 was unaltered in all the groups after treatment. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension and respiration depression and long QT interval between the groups were comparable. Conclusion Combination of dexmedetomidine and droperidol is effective and safe in the treatment of agitation during sevoflurane general anesthesia recovery period in the elderly undergoing thoracotomy.

Objective To investigate the duty and role of study nurse in large-scale biobank. Methods Formulating the duty of study nurse according to the situation of our department,we compared the effectiveness and efficiency of biobank before and after the study nurse post setting up. Results The sample loss rate and lost follow-up rate decreased year by year since the establishment of study nurses from 4% and 12% down to 1.5% and 8% respectively. The accuracy rate and integrity of the information input increased from 85%,89% to 97% and 98% respectively. The data above were statistically significant by trend chi-square test(P< 0.05). Conclusions Study nurses can undertake various works in large-scale biobank;however,a standard operating procedure and an evaluation system for biobank study nurses have not a standard which need to be further discussed.

Objective　To clarify the role of sexual related Y (SRY) gene detection in the diagnosis of gonadal dysgenesis. Methods　Sixteen cases of gonadal dysgenesis were included in this study: 5 with androgen insensitivity syndrome, 1 with 17-α-hydroxylase deficiency, 4 with true hermaphrodite, 2 with 45,X/46,XY gonadal dysgenesis, 1 with 45,X gonadal dysgenesis, 1 with XY pure gonadal dysgenesis, 1 with testicular regression, and 1 XY female who gave birth to a normal baby. SRY gene was detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in blood and gonad samples and by direct sequencing of the SRY motif. Results　Among the 16 cases, 15 were blood SRY positive, among which 13 (86.7%) showed the presence of testicular tissue, and 2 showed ovaries without testicular tissue. One SRY negative case showed the presence of testicular tissue. In 3 cases, SRY detection in gonadal tissue correlated with pathological findings but not with blood karyotype. The correlation between peripheral blood SRY and the pathology of the gonads was 81.25% and the correlation between the presence of peripheral blood Y chromosome and pathology of the gonads was 68.75%. Sequencing of the SRY motif in an XY female who gave birth to a normal baby showed no mutation. Conclusions　SRY detection is more sensitive and specific than blood karyotype in the prediction of the presence of testicular tissue. Peripheral blood karyotype does not necessarily reflect gonadal type. There may be testicular related factors other than the SRY gene.

Objective: To explore whether Integrated Early Childhood Development (IECD) program has effectively improved the nurturing care for children aged 0-35 months in rural China. Methods: IECD has been implemented by the government of China with support from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) in four poverty-stricken rural counties since 2014. The interventions targeting the five key components of nurturing care (i.e. child and caregiver health, child nutrition, early learning support, child protection and social security) were delivered through the IECD program to children aged 0 to 35 months and their caregivers. A population-based intervention trial was designed to evaluate intervention effectiveness with data collected in 2013 (baseline) and 2016 (mid-term). The changes of nurturing care in the intervention and control group were analyzed by using a difference-in-differences (DID) model. This approach provided adjustment for sociodemographic and other confounding factors. Results: The baseline and mid-term survey enrolled 1 468 and 1 384 children in the intervention group, and 1 485 and 1 361 in the control group. After two years of implementation, the prevalence of caregiver's depression in the intervention group showed a decrease of 9.1% (mid-term 34.8% (479/1 377) vs. baseline 43.9% (621/1 414)), whereas that in control group showed a decrease of 1.6% (mid-term 34.3% (464/1 353) vs. baseline 35.9% (509/1 419)). With the confounding adjusted in the difference-in-differences model, the decrease of the caregiver's depression prevalence in the intervention group was 7.0% greater than that in the control group (P=0.008). The qualified rate of minimum meal frequency in the intervention group showed an increase of 10.4% (mid-term 69.0% (532/771) vs. baseline 58.6% (481/821)), whereas the qualified rate in the intervention group showed an increase of 2.9% (mid-term 66.4% (469/706) vs. baseline 63.5% (508/800)). With the confounding adjusted in the difference-in-differences model, the increase of the qualified rate in the intervention group was 8.2% greater than that in the control group (P=0.021). The proportion of violent discipline by caregivers in the intervention group showed a decrease of 6.2% (mid-term 49.1% (478/973) vs. baseline 55.3% (554/1 001)), whereas the proportion in control group showed an increase of 4.5% (mid-term 58.4% (560/959) vs. baseline 53.9% (558/1 036)), and with the confounding adjusted in the difference-in-differences model, the difference in increase rate between two groups was 11.0% (P=0.001). The proportion of families with three or more children's books in the intervention group showed an increase of 12.7% (mid-term 42.7% (588/1 378) vs. baseline 30.0% (432/1 440)), whereas the proportion of the control group showed an increase of 4.2% (mid-term 25.7% (349/1 357) vs. baseline 21.5% (298/1 388)), and with the confounding adjusted in the difference-in-differences model, the difference in increase rate between two groups was 6.1% (P=0.007). Conclusions The IECD intervention strategy implemented in rural China effectively improved the mental health of caregivers, optimizes families' child feeding and early stimulation behaviors, while reducing violent discipline and other risk factors. IECD provides better nurturing care for the early development of children aged 0-35 months in rural China.