Objective To establish a method to analyze the composition and content of monoses in the garlic polysaccharide by ion chromatography. Methods The monoses in the solution of garlic polysaccharide hydrolysised by trifluoroacetic acid were determined by amino PAC column, eluted by gradient hydroxide sodium and identified by ampere detector (AU as working electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode). Results The garlic polysaccharide was mainly composed by arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and fructose. Good resolution could be achieved among the above mentioned five kinds of monoses. Their linear correlations over the investigated concentration were above 0.998, while the average recovery rates were in the range of 95%-105%. Conclusion The ion chromatography method is fast, accurate, simple and reliable, and can be applied in the content determination and quality control of garlic polysaccharide.

Objective To optimize the extraction process of volatile oil and inclusion preparation of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin from compoundJinling Sini Siwu Shixiaosan Granules.Methods The orthogonal approach of L9 (34) was applied to investigate the volume of volatile oil extraction by 3 factors to obtain the optimum extraction conditions. With inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion compound as comprehensive evaluation indexes, the optimum preparation conditions were discussed. The characterization of this prepared inclusion was analyzed by TLC.Results The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:the crude medicine with medicinal powder was shattered into 20 meshes;8 times the amount of water was added and was extracted for 8 h. The best inclusion conditions were as follows:the proportion of volatile oil to HP-β-CD was 1∶6, with inclusion temperature of 30℃, grinding time of 2 h. Analysis results of TLC showed that stable inclusion compound was formed from volatile oil and HP-β-CD.Conclusion The optimized extraction process and inclusion preparation are with stable quality and high feasibility.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of resistance to carbapenems in Pseudomonas aeruginasa from 5 teaching hospitals in Beijing. Methods A total of 213 non-duplicate imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aernginosa (IRPA) isolates were collected from 5 hospitals in Beijing from June 2004 to December 2005. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of meropenem, imipenem and others antibiotics were determined by agar dilution method. Disk diffusion test was used for screening metalloenzymes. The bla IMP,bla VIM and OprD2 genes were amplified by PCR and only sequenced. Results Out of 213 isolates, OprD2 loss was detected in 84 isolates and IMP-1 enzyme was detected in 6 isolates simultaneously. Thirteen IRPAs only produced IMP-1 and 2 isolates only produced VIM-2. Conclusion OprD2 loss and metallo-β-lactamuse production are the parts of the mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Beijing.

To investigate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients in northern Shaanxi Province,139 patients and 43 healthy controls were recruited.All the plasma was screened for IgG antibody of Toxoplasma gondii.Then,the association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and HBV were analyzed.Results showed that the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection was relative low with just 5.04％ in HBV patients but zero in healthy control.Most of those infected with toxoplasma gondii were male,HBeAg positive or with higher HBV viral load.However,no significant relationship was found between Toxoplasma gondii infection and gender,HBeAg status or viral load in univariate analyses.This study indicated the relative low infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii,which had no association with HBV infection in northern Shaanxi Province.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the causes of foodborne illness outbreaks in Inner Mongolia, so as to provide reference for understanding systemic risks and formulating prevention and control measures. Methods Data on foodborne disease outbreaks in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2021 were collected through the "Foodborne Disease Outbreak Monitoring System" for attribution analysis. Results A total of 591 outbreak events were included from 2016 to 2021. Single -dimensional attribution analysis showed that the main causes of foodborne disease outbreaks in this region were vegetables and vegetable products, and meat and meat products, respectively accounting for 20.5% (121/591) and 12.6% (75/591) of the total events. leading contributing factor was improper processing, accounting for 16.2%(96/591), and the main pathogenic factor was toxic plants and their toxins, accounting for 14.9%(88/591). Multi-dimensional attribution analysis showed that the highest number of outbreak events occurred in summer, with 290 cases accounting for 49.1% (290/591) of the total number of events. The eastern, central, and western regions also had the highest number of events in summer, accounting for 53.6% (180/336), 39.5% (60/152), and 48.5% (50/103) of the total number of events in this region, respectively. Among vegetables and vegetable products, improper processing led to the majority of outbreaks caused by toxic plants and their toxins, accounting for 58.7% (71/121) of total events. For meat and meat products, improper storage resulting in the most outbreaks of biological pollution, accounting for 16.0%(12/75) of the total number of meat and meat product incidents. Majorities of death cases were primarily due to accidental ingestion or misuse of non-food items (such as poisonous mushrooms), comprising 38.5% (5/13) of total deaths. Conclusions The main food, triggering factors, and pathogenic factors involved in the outbreak of foodborne diseases in this region are relatively routine and controllable. Therefore, efforts should be made to strengthen public food safety education to reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases.

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Insomnia Severity Index(ISI-C) in patients with insomnia. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with insomnia were selected from Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University. The subjects had completed the ISI-C scale and Pittsburgh Sleep quality Index(PSQI) scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS) at the same time. The reliability and validity of the scale were tested by Cronbach α coefficient, item correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis and ROC curve test. Results The Cronbach α coefficient of the ISI-C was 0.804,the test-retest reliability was 0.887 (P<0.01). The items of ISI-C scale were correlated with the corresponding items of PSQI (r=0.831, P<0.01), ESS(r =0.218, P<0.05). Two common factors were extracted by factor analysis including the severity of insomnia and the influence of insomnia, and the cumulative contribution rate was 63.117% (P<0.01).When the cutting point was 10.5 points, the sensitivity and specificity were 84.0% and 92.3%, respectively (P<0.01). Conclusions ISI-C scale is a reliable and valid instrument. It can be used to measure the insomnia of patients in hospitals.

Objective To explore the clinic application value of ultrasonography examination of optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD) in brain injury.Methods From July 2008-June 2011,90 cases of brain injured patients were chosen as experimental group including light (A group),medium (B group),and heavy (C group) brain injured patients according to the admission GCS score ;50 cases of conventional physical examination and 90 cases of volunteers 50 in neurosurgical outpatient were chosen as control group.The ONSD of both groups were measured 3 mm behind the globe through orbital using color sonographic with different time after admission.3 times measurements were carried out for every optic nerve sheath.All client's ONSD mean and standard deviation were calculated.In 0.5 h after color dopplar ultrasound examination,lumbar vertebra puncturing measured intracranial pressure in different groups.Results After admission (1d,3 d,7 d,14 d),the ONSD of A group was (4.54 ±0.32)mm,(4.42 ±0.30)mm,(4.44 ±0.32) m,and (4.43 ± 0.25) mm,respectively; The ONSD of B groups was (4.48 ± 0.28) mm,(4.52 ± 0.24) mm,(4.46 ±0.28)mm,and (4.38 ±0.22)mm,respectively; The ONSD of C group was (5.67 ±0.35)mm,(6.36 ± 0.42) mm,(5.65 ± 0.23) mm,and (4.76 ± 0.35) mm,respectively.After admission (1 d,3 d,7 d,14 d),the intracranial pressure (IP) of A group was (82 ± 11) mmH2O,(79 ± 12) mmH2O,(90 ±15) mmH2O,and (86 ± 14) mmH2O,respectively; The IP of B group was (78 ± 15) mmH2O,(85 ± 10)mmH2O,(78 ± 16) mmH2O,(80 ± 11) mmH2O,The IP of C group was (225 ± 26) mmH2 O,(288 ± 23)mmH2O,(256 ± 23) mmH2O,(122 ± 18) mmH2O,respectively.Group D had the ONSD average of (4.58± 0.41)mm and IP of (88 ± 10)mmH2O after eyeball 3-mm place.No difference was found between A and B,A and D,or B and D (P＞0.05) ; A difference was found between A and C,B and C,or D and C (t =12.24～24.67,P＜0.01).Conclusions The ONSD and IP in light medium brain injured patients had no change.In patients with severe brain injury,IP changed with the time after injury,the ONSD increased with the IP,the ultrasonography examination of ONSD with the important value in the diagnosis and treatment can respond the IP increase,which is a non-invasion,convenient,fast,and feasible method for evaluation of cranial high pressure.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with tibial plateau fracture during preoperative period.Methods:From July 2017 to October 2019, a total of 264 patients undergoing surgeries of tibial plateau fractures were enrolled. Duplex ultrasonography (DUS) during hospitalization was used to screen for DVT of the bilateral lower extremities. Patients were divided into DVT group and non-DVT group according to results of DUS. Data on demographics, comorbidities, injury-related data, fracture type, laboratory biomarkers were collected and compared between groups with and without DVT.Results:The incidence of preoperative DVT was 39.0% (103/264) among 264 patients with traumatic tibial plateau fractures, and distal thrombosis predominated in DVT group. There were 103 cases in DVT group. 55 were males and 48 were females. The average age was 54.00±11.12. According to the Schatzker classification of tibial plateau fractures, 7 cases belonged to type I, 37 to type II, 2 to type III, 11 to type IV, 29 to type V, and 17 to type VI. There were 161 cases in non-DVT group. 89 were males and 72 were females. The average age was 48.57±13.25. According to the Schatzker classification of tibial plateau fractures, 23 cases belonged to type I, 76 to type II, 2 to type III, 10 to type IV, 33 to type V, and 17 to type VI. Univariate analysis showed that age ( t=3.451, P=0.001), the type of tibial plateau fracture ( χ2=8.314, P=0.004), D-dimer ( χ2=18.552, P<0.001), APTT ( t=2.869, P=0.004), ALB ( t=2.292, P=0.023) and Hb ( t=1.983, P=0.048) were statistically different than those in non-DVT group. Multivariate analysis showed age ( OR=1.033, 95% CI: 1.009, 1.058; P=0.007), the type of tibial plateau fracture ( OR=1.829, 95% CI: 1.014, 3.299; P=0.045) and D-dimer ( OR=1.914, 95% CI: 1.057, 3.464; P=0.032) were independent risk factors. Conclusion:The incidence of DVT in patients with tibial plateau fractures during preoperative period is high, and distal thrombosis is the main part of venous thrombosis of lower extremity. The type of tibial plateau fracture, age and the level of D-dimer are independent risk factors of preoperative DVT in patients with tibial plateau fractures.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) before treatment for pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 119 patients with primary breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and subsequent breast-conserving or modified radical surgery from Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province between January 2010 to March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and patients were divided into pCR group ( n=19) and non-pCR group ( n=100) based on postoperative pathology. The SIRI before treatment between the two groups was compared. The patients were divided into SIRI≤0.25 ( n=10) , 0.26-0.50 ( n=42) , 0.51-0.75 ( n=29) , 0.76-1.00 ( n=19) , and >1.00 ( n=19) groups according the SIRI before treatment, and the pCR ratios of the five groups were compared. Spearman correlation analysis was applied to evaluate the relationship between SIRI before treatment and pCR, logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of pCR for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of SIRI before treatment for pCR of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Results:Tumor size ( Z=2.26, P=0.024) , axillary lymph node metastasis ( χ2=5.73, P=0.017) , human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) ( χ2=8.77, P=0.003) , Ki-67 ( Z=2.68, P=0.007) , cytological nuclear grade ( χ2=5.08, P=0.024) , neutrophil count before treatment ( Z=2.44, P=0.015) , monocyte/lymphocyte ratio before treatment ( Z=3.04, P=0.002) , and SIRI before treatment ( Z=3.29, P=0.001) had statistical differences between the pCR and non-pCR groups. The pCR ratios were 50% (5/10) in the SIRI ≤0.25 group, 21% (9/42) in the 0.26-0.50 group, 10% (3/29) in the 0.51-0.75 group, 11% (2/19) in the 0.76-1.00 group, and 0 (0/19) in the >1.00 group, with a statistic difference ( χ2=14.28, P=0.006) . SIRI before treatment was negatively related with pCR ( r=-0.30, P=0.001) . Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that tumor size ( OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.28-0.89, P=0.019) , axillary lymph node metastasis ( OR=5.43, 95% CI: 1.19-24.83, P=0.029) , HER-2 ( OR=7.54, 95% CI: 1.65-34.36, P=0.009) , Ki-67 ( OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05, P=0.008) , cytological nuclear grade ( OR=0.20, 95% CI: 0.04-0.92, P=0.038) , neutrophil count before treatment ( OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.32-0.92, P=0.023) , monocyte/lymphocyte ratio before treatment ( OR=0.00, 95% CI: 0.00-0.01, P=0.007) , and SIRI before treatment ( OR=0.03, 95% CI: 0.00-0.37, P=0.007) were influencing factors for pCR of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that tumor size ( OR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.14-0.72, P=0.007) , axillary lymph node metastasis ( OR=10.97, 95% CI: 1.35-89.61, P=0.025) , HER-2 ( OR=6.47, 95% CI: 1.18-35.65, P=0.032) , Ki-67 ( OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.07, P=0.029) , cytological nuclear grade ( OR=7.87, 95% CI: 1.01-61.35, P=0.049) , and SIRI before treatment ( OR=0.03, 95% CI: 0.00-0.58, P=0.020) were independent influencing factors for pCR of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of SIRI before treatment for predicting pCR was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.65-0.82) , sensitivity was 68.0%, and specificity was 75.3%. The area under the curve of monocyte/lymphocyte ratio before treatment for predicting pCR was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.63-0.80) , sensitivity was 48.0%, and specificity was 84.2%. The area under the curve of neutrophil count before treatment for predicting pCR was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.59-0.76) , sensitivity was 61.0%, and specificity was 83.7%. Conclusion:SIRI before treatment may serve as a marker for predicting pCR in patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, patients with low SIRI are more likely to obtain pCR.

Objective:To explore the optimal evidence for the nursing management of limb spasm in patients with spinal cord injury.Methods:Based on the "6S" evidence model, the databases including CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed and Cochrane Library, the guideline websites such as the National Guideline Clearinghouse, Guidelines International Network and Registered Nurses′ Association of Ontario, and the websites of professional associations such as the Royal College of Physicians, American Spinal Injury Association and Canadian Spine Association were systematically searched. Search period of each database was set from the year of inception until July 2022. Two investigators independently screened the literatures related to the management of limb spasm in patients with spinal cord injury, and conducted quality evaluation and evidence recommendation level evaluation.Results:Totally 17 literatures consisting of 6 guidelines, 3 expert consensuses, 5 systematic reviews, 2 evidence summaries, and 1 clinical decision were included. Moreover, 30 pieces of evidence were summarized from 3 aspects, including evaluation and identification, drug therapy (chemical denervation, and oral medication), rehabilitation training (hydrotherapy, electrical stimulation, magnetic stimulation, vibration therapy, heat and cold therapy, body position, and exercise therapy).Conclusion:Nursing staff can set up a multidisciplinary team according to the clinical environment and take into consideration of the characteristics of spinal cord injury patients to provide personalized interventions involving evaluation and identification, drug therapy, rehabilitation training, etc., so as to alleviate the degree of limb spasm.